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Title
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Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley
Description
An account of the resource
This collection began in 2019 with the initial goal of collecting ten oral histories from older adult LGBT people in the Lehigh Valley. Topics explored include the childhood experiences of LGBT people, experiences within educational and religious institutions, coming out stories, understanding of the gay liberation movement (1960-1980s), experience of the early years of the AIDS epidemic and AIDS activism (1980s-present), and experience with the fight for marriage equality. The project has been a collaborative effort among faculty and librarians from Cedar Crest College, Lehigh University, Moravian College, Muhlenberg College, and members of the local community, under the direction of Dr. Mary Foltz, Associate Professor of English at Lehigh University and Co-Director of the South Side Initiative. <br /><br /><em> The project was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.</em>
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
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John Marquette
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Robert Kreider
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https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/ohms-viewer/render.php?cachefile=LGBT-06.xml
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5.4 January 11, 2020 Roberta and Harold Kreider, January 11, 2020 LGBT-06 01:34:31 LVLGBT Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository This oral history recording was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Robert Kreider Harold Kreider John Marquette video/mp4 Kreider_20200111_FinalEdit_video.mp4 1.0:|21(6)|40(2)|61(18)|76(7)|91(12)|106(6)|119(9)|136(18)|149(3)|166(10)|181(16)|208(6)|233(8)|254(6)|267(5)|280(19)|295(10)|310(9)|327(12)|340(15)|363(17)|380(15)|391(3)|404(8)|423(11)|438(9)|447(15)|458(6)|471(8)|484(12)|507(10)|524(10)|539(15)|558(15)|579(4)|594(12)|611(14)|630(10)|643(17)|658(11)|675(16)|688(16)|699(15)|716(15)|743(2)|762(4)|785(12)|816(4)|837(14)|854(4)|875(10)|894(10)|913(2)|926(9)|941(14)|960(9)|977(15)|996(12)|1015(7)|1036(10)|1057(6)|1074(10)|1093(13)|1114(6)|1131(4)|1148(15)|1167(3)|1186(3)|1211(19)|1246(4)|1257(17)|1268(16)|1285(6)|1306(12)|1323(10)|1340(16)|1355(8)|1370(11)|1385(5)|1404(4)|1417(2)|1430(14)|1449(14)|1476(2)|1493(8)|1510(12)|1529(4)|1544(7)|1561(8)|1580(11)|1601(2)|1622(17)|1641(2)|1658(5) 0 https://youtu.be/czFWJgOiOL8 YouTube video 0 Introductions JOHN MARQUETTE: My name is John Marquette, and I’m here with Roberta Showalter Kreider and Harold Kreider to talk about their life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. Our project has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We are in Sellersville, Pennsylvania and it’s January the 11th, 2020. Our videographers are [Danielle DelPriore?] and Mary Foltz. Thank you so much for your willingness to speak with us today. To start, can you please state your full name and spell it for me. And we’ll start with you Roberta.
 ; 0 126 Roberta's Early Life Let’s start with the very beginning. Roberta, would you tell me about the early years of your life. Describe your childhood.
 ; RK: Okay, but a-- part of it I’ll have to leave out because I had some abuse that I really don’t want to talk about. But I was born into a family of four brothers and me. I had three older brothers and then I had a baby brother. And I wanted a sister so bad. But it never seemed to work out that I could have a sister. And my father used to read the story of Baby Ray, how the tree gave him an apple, and the cow gave milk and all that sort of stuff. That was my favorite story. And the reason they were reading it that way was because we were all ours. 0 389 Early Church Experience And I remember the church that we went to would not accept my father’s -- in those days we had to have church letters to take from one church to another to recommend that we become members. And [00:07:00] they did not want to accept my father’s church letter because he wrote insurance -- he wrote out the papers for insurance. He didn’t do life insurance, which would have been a complete no-no, but he did other kinds of insurance. But I remember that one of my mother’s first cousins -- that they would invite us into their home and we would eat with them and things like that. 0 541 Experiences with Westboro Baptist Church And I think I said that we traveled on a bus down to Philadelphia to be part of Witness Our Welcome, which was a welcome for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people in the neighborhood. And this professor -- I wish I could think of his name right now -- we ate in their home and were good friends of theirs. And he came to the bus door and he said, “Roberta, Fred Phelps’ crew is over here protesting and saying their terrible, hateful things about fags.” He said, “But you don’t pay one bit of attention to them.” He said, “Do you see this line of gay and lesbian people?” And they were just lined shoulder-to-shoulder all the way from the bus into the building. 0 862 Getting Involved in the LGBTQ+ Community Well, my brother died with AIDS. Have I said that before? I’m not sure. And that’s a long story of how I learned that he was a gay man. Like I said, I knew that people called him a sissy but at that age I didn’t understand [00:15:00] what that was all about. And I remember -- like a vision coming to me when I was debating what to do, I felt these stories needed to be told because we had been going to Laurelville, where our church had a campground. And we were in groups of people where the stories of these people were told. It was called Connecting Families. 0 1137 Harold's Early Life That’s never been a problem for me. And I can’t explain why except I’m convinced that God’s love reaches out to everyone and with God there’s no respecter of persons. And so that’s been part of my life. And the community that I was born in was Northeast Missouri -- near Hannibal, Missouri. And my grandfather was a bishop and a minister and my dad was a deacon in a very small family congregation in Northeast Missouri. And I also grew up with a great fear of God and was never sure that I would ever make it to heaven. 0 1447 The Mennonite Denomination JM: Tell us about your denomination. 
 ; HK: Oh, it’s Mennonite. 
 ; JM: And because we’re recording this conversation for the future what are the basic tenets of the Mennonite faith?
 ; 0 1542 Harold's Early Views on the LGBTQ+ Community What were your feelings when you were a young man about the Bible’s teaching on homosexuality?
 ; HK: I don’t know. As a young man I -- well, homosexuality was unacceptable from any angle you wanted to think about it. And people that I knew, if they knew of anybody that was completely negative. And I never -- well I don’t know when -- I guess homosexuality didn’t become a real part of my life until we were a part of PFLAG in Allentown. 0 1674 PFLAG Tell us what PFLAG is.
 ; HK: You could probably tell better.
 ; RK: Well PFLAG is an organization of parents -- let’s see -- of lesbians, bisexual. Let me start again. PFLAG stands for parents of gay, bisexual, transgender, and what’s the other one -- and families who love them. That’s the way I titled the first book I wrote on that. But the reason we wanted to go to PFLAG goes back to how we became interested in the needs of gay and lesbian people. And that goes way back to when we found out that my brother was gay. 0 1741 Experience Having a Gay Sibling with AIDS And that goes way back to when we found out that my brother was gay. And that was really a blow to find out that he was gay. We knew that he was sick with something. We didn’t know what. And my family thought, oh my, Roberta won’t be able to take it. Anyhow I would say, “What’s wrong with Ray. Please tell me.” And they wouldn’t tell me anything. And finally somebody said, “You’ll know when you get there.” And I thought what am I going to know when I get there. And I really wasn’t acquainted with any gay and bisexual, transgender people. And so when we got to the hospital my brother just older than I and his wife came from Kansas where they lived near Hutchinson.
 ; 0 2278 Accepting the LGBTQ+ Community into the Church nd that was hard too because after he died and we went back to our home church for the memorial service -- this very judgmental place -- no that was the one we were at at -- well, anyhow, there we had to sit and hear the message about Ray among these people. And yet I knew that God was a God of forgiveness and I wanted to be that kind of a person. And right now I’m kind of drawing a blank. Oh, I told you about how I told God, “You know, I can’t do this.” 0 2759 Connecting Families JM: Can you tell me a little bit more about the meeting that you went to? Where was that meeting?
 ; RK: The Witness Our Welcome?
 ; JM: The one where you first had contact with LGBT people.
 ; RK: Yeah. Well, would that have been when we went to Connecting Families, the first time?
 ; HK: Probably. 0 2838 Moving in With Daughter RK: It was in Laurelville. Because we had moved back here. Our daughter upstairs had worked in a retirement home. And she had said to us when we were still living in Indiana -- she said, “Mom and Dad, I don’t want you to go to a retirement home.” She said, “They don’t get good care there always.” She said, “When you’re ready to retire I want you to come and we’ll buy a house together and you help us raise our kids and then we’ll take care of you when you get older.” And so that was the agreement that we had then. And it’s a long story that I don’t really want told online. This is just for you. Because I don’t want them involved in this story in any way that’s going to come out in the media.
 ; 0 3219 Accepting the LGBTQ+ Community Into the Church cont. And back to church acceptance. At Perkasie they did not want to accept them. But then as time went on they finally became more open and welcoming. But we still weren’t able to really share our stories too much. But then we were a part of this group that was trying to be a welcoming group and starting to investigate letting them be a part of the church. And then the pastor -- we had two women pastors -- and she called us, asked if we’d come in to the library during the week she wanted to visit with us. 0 4194 Early Years of Relationship MF: How did the two of you meet?
 ; HK: We met at our church college in Kansas. I can remember so vividly. Our dining hall was in the basement of the girls’ dormitory and it was morning breakfast and she came down the stairs from the -- where students lived for the breakfast -- men and women both. 0 4425 Witnessing in Mixed-Faith Audiences Okay. As we continued over the years to support gay and lesbian people and this community of faith we had many opportunities to share in mixed audiences. And I was asked to speak quite a few places. And I remember especially the time -- I believe it was a Reading, Pennsylvania where we were speaking at a church. And all of a sudden I realized that there were going to be atheist people in that community. 0 4612 Interacting with Atheists JM: You spoke, Roberta, about atheists wanting to tell their stories to you at the table. What common features did they have in their dinner conversation with you?
 ; RK: Well, I guess they just told me of how they were raised. And it was just their stories. 0 4797 Growing Together HK: Well, I’ll give Roberta this praise. I’m just so fortunate that she’s my wife and that we’ve been able to share this journey together. And it’s hard for me to believe that I’ve come from where I was born to where I am now and to feel so different about people different from ourselves. And I think the statement in the scriptures where it says God is love. Well if God is love then I can’t do anything else or less. 0 4908 Recommendations for Further Stories who can you think of that we might want to talk with that has a story like yours about being allies, advocates for people who are LGBT?
 ; RK: Well, do you see those pictures over there? That’s our gay gallery. And our granddaughter over there --
 ; HK: And the only granddaughter we have.
 ; RK: Well, the -- yeah, the only one by birth. When she was a little girl, twelve years old, she would bring her laptop down to sit at our table to tell grandpa and I how wrong we were in our welcome of gay and lesbian people. 0 5375 Final Thoughts JM: We are so grateful to have this time to talk with you today and to hear your story and to preserve your story for generations to come. The material will be stored professionally at Muhlenberg College. It will be available for academic research. And I believe there will be people in the future who will sit and watch this conversation with you. And I think their hearts will be gladdened. So thank you so much for the time today.
 ; 0 MovingImage Roberta and Harold Krieder discuss their activism and work as allies to LGBTQ+ communities. They describe how the death of Roberta’s beloved brother due to HIV started them on the path toward advocacy for LGBTQ+ people. They go on to discuss their work within the Mennonite Church to make their congregation inclusive of LGBTQ+ people, their work with Witness our Welcome, and their public advocacy for LGBTQ+ communities in the Lehigh Valley and beyond. Roberta Krieder also discusses her published books, which sought to document religious trauma for LGBTQ+ people and to encourage religious organizations to be inclusive of LGBTQ+ members.
 ; Kreider_20200111_transcript JOHN MARQUETTE: My name is John Marquette, and I'm here with Roberta Showalter Kreider and Harold Kreider to talk about their life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. Our project has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We are in Sellersville, Pennsylvania and it's January the 11th, 2020. Our videographers are Danielle Del Priore and Mary Foltz. Thank you so much for your willingness to speak with us today. To start, can you please state your full name and spell it for me. And we'll start with you Roberta. ROBERTA KREIDER: Okay. It's Roberta Hope Showalter Kreider. JM: And can you spell that? RK: R-O-B-E-R-T-A, H-O-P-E, S-H-O-W-A-L-T-E-R, K-R-E-I-D-E-R. JM: And now you Harold. HAROLD KREIDER: Okay, it's H-A-R-O-L-D. And my middle name is Glen -- G-L-E-N. And last name is Kreider -- K-R-E-I-D-E-R. JM: Roberta, will you please share your birth date with us? RK: Yes, it's April the 3rd of 1926. HK: And mine is May 3, 1924. JM: Thank you both. Will you both confirm that you've signed a consent form for this interview? RK: I did. HK: And I do. JM: Thank you. Let's start with the very beginning. Roberta, would you tell me about the early years of your life. Describe your childhood. RK: Okay, but a-- part of it I'll have to leave out because I had some abuse that I really don't want to talk about. But I was born into a family of four brothers and me. I had three older brothers and then I had a baby brother. And I wanted a sister so bad. But it never seemed to work out that I could have a sister. And my father used to read the story of Baby Ray, how the tree gave him an apple, and the cow gave milk and all that sort of stuff. That was my favorite story. And the reason they were reading it that way was because we were all ours. My oldest brother Robert, and then Richard, and Russell and me and then Ray. And when Ray was ready to be born they read -- my dad used to read to me a lot that book about Baby Ray. And so they were preparing me to be disappointed because all we seemed to have was boys. And so I remember so well sitting on the end of my mother's hospital bed. And they put this little baby in my arms and they said, "This is your baby brother and you can name him." And I said, "I want to name him Baby Ray." And so they said, "Okay." And, so, on the birth certificate it says Baby Ray Edward Showalter. Edward was after my mother's youngest brother. And they were quite sure that I would pick the name that they wanted for this [video?]. And I remember once, I wanted a sister so bad that I dressed him up in my clothes and I went around the neighborhood and I kept introducing him as my baby sister. And, of course, people could just smile at that because they could see what was evident. So, we grew up together and my father had been a bridge-builder and a farmer. I don't know what all he had done. But when I was born they lived on a farm that was just about a mile south of West Liberty Mennonite Church, which was near Inman, Kansas. And -- I'm drawing a blank here for a minute. Anyhow, whenever I was interviewed I'd always say that my father had been a farmer and all of this. But then he was president of a small-town bank at Yoder, Kansas. And we used to laugh and say that Yoder, Kansas was like a wide space in the road because it didn't have many people in it. And a lot of them were related to us. But there was a depot and a railroad track that went through the town. And I remember being -- going over there to see a friend of mine and playing with her. And I remember the church that we went to would not accept my father's -- in those days we had to have church letters to take from one church to another to recommend that we become members. And they did not want to accept my father's church letter because he wrote insurance -- he wrote out the papers for insurance. He didn't do life insurance, which would have been a complete no-no, but he did other kinds of insurance. But I remember that one of my mother's first cousins -- that they would invite us into their home and we would eat with them and things like that. But the other church members wanted to shun because he wrote insurance. And this church was a church made up of Amish Mennonites. They came from the Amish and they had become Mennonite. And they were a very judgmental group. And it's hard to know how to describe them other than I grew up in this church of judging other people by the things they did and said that didn't correspond with what I thought the bible said. And so I regret that kind of a childhood that I grew up in. But I'm thankful that in the years that have followed that God has shown me that God is no respecter -- or what do I want to say? -- he treats us all alike. We are all part of God's creation and we're all sacred to him as his children. And that's what I believe now and I have believed through most of my life. And I think I said that we traveled on a bus down to Philadelphia to be part of Witness Our Welcome, which was a welcome for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people in the neighborhood. And this professor -- I wish I could think of his name right now -- we ate in their home and were good friends of theirs. And he came to the bus door and he said, "Roberta, Fred Phelps' crew is over here protesting and saying their terrible, hateful things about fags." He said, "But you don't pay one bit of attention to them." He said, "Do you see this line of gay and lesbian people?" And they were just lined shoulder-to-shoulder all the way from the bus into the building. He said, "We're here to make sure that he cannot get to you and you just walk down that path and we'll keep you safe." And that's what they did. JM: Can you describe a little bit more about the Fred Phelps Church and how they felt in regard to the work that you intended to do? RK: I also have a book in my kindle that's written by Megan Phelps-Roper. And she is a daughter of Fred Phelps -- no a granddaughter. And her story is told in that book. And I was so glad that I could read her story. It's very descriptive of the way that church acted and hated people so bad. But I thought it was really significant that our gay and lesbian friends were willing to take the brunt and to see that we were safe all the way into there. JM: Where was this church located? RK: Do you know where it was located? I don't know. HK: You mean in Philadelphia? RK: Yeah. HK: It was on the Western edge of Philadelphia. Wayne, I believe, was the name of the suburb. Wayne, Pennsylvania. RK: Yeah. And it was a Baptist church there. HK: Central Baptist. RK: And I had -- after I did stories and books I had stories from people there too. But it was just so touching how they wanted to be sure that if any hatred coming from this Phelps group or any violence of any kind that they were going to be sure that we were safe. And that was very touching to me to know that these friends cared so much about whether or not we were safe. And this book -- Unfollow -- was written by Phelps' granddaughter who came to know that their attitude was completely wrong. JM: The name of this church is on the tip of my tongue and I can't quite pinpoint what it is. RK: You mean where we had the wo-- JM: No, the Phelps church. RK: In Topeka, Kansas. JM: What is the name of that church? RK: Oh, what's the name of it Harold? HK: [Not sure?]. JM: West-- RK: Westside. JM: Westboro? RK: Westboro Baptist Church. And it was mainly their purpose to just spew out hate of every kind toward lesbian and gay, bisexual, transgender people. And they called the people fags. And the people who were of that orientation, they called them fags. And if you go to -- I mean you can find this book -- Unfollow by Megan Phelps-Roper. And she is the granddaughter telling the story about this church. JM: How did you and Harold develop a response to that kind of hatred that you experienced? HK: (laughs) Boy. I guess it was because we began to learn to know gay and lesbian people. RK: Well, my brother died with AIDS. Have I said that before? I'm not sure. And that's a long story of how I learned that he was a gay man. Like I said, I knew that people called him a sissy but at that age I didn't understand what that was all about. And I remember -- like a vision coming to me when I was debating what to do, I felt these stories needed to be told because we had been going to Laurelville, where our church had a campground. And we were in groups of people where the stories of these people were told. It was called Connecting Families. And I remember so well that as I was thinking about all this and I stood in here in the bedroom and I had hold of that treadmill and he was in the bathroom -- I was in there alone. And I said, "Oh God, if I try to tell these stories -- I've never written a book and I don't have a computer -- but if I try to tell these stories," I said, "my friends are going to hate me." And it was just like I had a vision at that time and I heard God's voice say to me, "Roberta, you are just as important to me as the greatest preacher that ever lived." And I thought, oh. I thought about it a little bit. And then he said, "And now look out there. You see that man lying out there in the gutter?" He said, "That drunk man lying in the gutter is just as important to me as you are." And I thought, oh, that's something to think about. And I remember thinking I don't even have a computer, how on Earth am I going to do this. And I was part of a -- well -- no, that -- I couldn't have had that in the computer. But we had attended these Connecting Families weekends. And we heard them telling their stories there. And the very first one I attended was the one that Peggy Campolo went to. And she is a very adamant supporter of gay and lesbians. And, of course, that was many years ago. We moved back here in '83 and we still lived in Indiana then. And so anyhow I tried to think what to do about all this. And finally, I remember saying, "Well, God, if you will lead me I will go." And yet that still wasn't enough. I know we continued to go to these Connecting Families weekends. We went every Spring when they were held for, oh, I don't know how many years. And then, that very first one I told my story about how I found out that I had a gay brother. And I need to stop for a little bit. Okay? JM: Sure, that's fine. I would've-- (break in audio) HK: [Before?] she's out. That's never been a problem for me. And I can't explain why except I'm convinced that God's love reaches out to everyone and with God there's no respecter of persons. And so that's been part of my life. And the community that I was born in was Northeast Missouri -- near Hannibal, Missouri. And my grandfather was a bishop and a minister and my dad was a deacon in a very small family congregation in Northeast Missouri. And I also grew up with a great fear of God and was never sure that I would ever make it to heaven. And then I -- JM: Do I -- HK: -- went through Goshen College and also seminary. And I was ordained minister by that time. JM: I think I hear Roberta coming back and if (break in audio) JM: -- our interview with Harold Kreider and Roberta Kreider on January the 11th, 2020 at their home in Sellersville. And my name is John Marquette and the videographers are Danielle DelPriore and Mary Foltz. Roberta, I'd like to ask if we can hold your portion of the story for a moment and then talk with Harold about his childhood and how he became involved with you. And then I'd like to see how we can bring both of these stories together and bring us to the current moment. So Harold, tell us about your childhood. HK: What was the question? JM: Tell us about your early years and your childhood? HK: I'm the oldest of ten children in our family. And my father tried to teach me this bedtime prayer -- now lay me down to sleep I pray the Lord my soul to take -- or when I die I pray the Lord my soul to take. And he would spank me and I was only four or five years old then -- spank me because I had a hard time learning that prayer to be able to repeat it back to him. And from that day on I had a fear of my dad and I never got over that all our lives. And so I never did experience a really happy home. In fact, my father gave my mother a silent treatment for several days -- wouldn't speak to her. And she finally suffered a nervous breakdown because of that kind of conduct. So I made up my mind that my home would never be that way. And I met Robert at our church college in Hesston, Kansas near Wichita. And there I fell in love with her (laughs) and I've been in love with her ever since. But anyway that's part of my experience. And I'm also a graduate of Goshen College, Goshen, Indiana. And also Goshen College Biblical Seminary. I'm also a graduate of that and have a been a ordained minister since 1950. So my experience has been varied. I've been a pastor of three congregations and interim pastor of our home congregation here in Perkasie. Of course I'm completely retired now. That's been my experience for most of my life. JM: Tell us about your denomination. HK: Oh, it's Mennonite. JM: And because we're recording this conversation for the future what are the basic tenets of the Mennonite faith? HK: The basic? JM: Tenets. RK: What do they believe? HK: Well, the bible has been our main textbook. And tried to -- at least for myself -- I made that my standard of life. And I tried to live what I believed. And also made it a point to accept people for who they were and what they were and not be a judge. [But?] I think there's a scripture in Matthew where Jesus says "Judge not that you be not judged." And so I've made that a guide for my life too. JM: What were your feelings when you were a young man about the Bible's teaching on homosexuality? HK: I don't know. As a young man I -- well, homosexuality was unacceptable from any angle you wanted to think about it. And people that I knew, if they knew of anybody that was completely negative. And I never -- well I don't know when -- I guess homosexuality didn't become a real part of my life until we were a part of PFLAG in Allentown. (inaudible) And her brother dying of AIDS. And he was a homosexual. And it took -- and that happened in 1948 -- or 1984 when he died. And it took ten years after that before we became advocates of persons of that nature. JM: In the process of selecting people for this project we have been looking for people who have been allies of and advocates for the LGBT community in the Lehigh Valley. And you mentioned PFLAG in the Lehigh Valley. Tell us what PFLAG is. HK: You could probably tell better. RK: Well PFLAG is an organization of parents -- let's see -- of lesbians, bisexual. Let me start again. PFLAG stands for parents of gay, bisexual, transgender, and what's the other one -- and families who love them. That's the way I titled the first book I wrote on that. But the reason we wanted to go to PFLAG goes back to how we became interested in the needs of gay and lesbian people. And that goes way back to when we found out that my brother was gay. And that was really a blow to find out that he was gay. We knew that he was sick with something. We didn't know what. And my family thought, oh my, Roberta won't be able to take it. Anyhow I would say, "What's wrong with Ray. Please tell me." And they wouldn't tell me anything. And finally somebody said, "You'll know when you get there." And I thought what am I going to know when I get there. And I really wasn't acquainted with any gay and bisexual, transgender people. And so when we got to the hospital my brother just older than I and his wife came from Kansas where they lived near Hutchinson. HK: We went to there. RK: Where I grew up. No, they came. We met together at Ray and Ann's house. HK: Yeah. What I meant to say that we were living here and we went to Chicago. RK: Yes. But we hadn't gone. I mean, we went to Chicago because we knew that Ray was dying and we wanted to see him before he died. And I wanted to know what he was dying from. And people would just say, "Well you'll know when you get there." And I thought, well what am I going to know when I get there and what's all this about. And so when we met at the hospital they gave us gowns to put on and masks. And I thought, well what does he have that I'm going to get or they're afraid I'm going to get. And I was so dumb for all this. And then when we went up to his bedside to say hello to him, he said, "I have a sad story to tell you." And I thought, oh, okay. I guess I did know about lesbian and gay people because I know when he said that I thought, oh, okay, he's a nurse so somehow he's contracted AIDS. And I said -- I went up and took his hand to listen to him and he said, "And I have no one to blame but myself." And when he said that my hopes went way down. I thought, what's he talking about. And then he said, "And I don't want you to tell anyone." And I said, "Well, Ray, our daughters are intelligent people." And I said, "If we go back and tell them we don't know they're going to figure out something. I said we'll have to tell them the truth because I can't do less than tell them the truth." And he said, "Well, okay." And you could tell he was very ashamed of all this. And so -- to make a long story short -- he was in a hospital way up North of Chicago. And the church they had been part of was Community Mennonite and that was down in kind of the center of Chicago. And we had been there for church with them and things like that before too. And on the way up there that was when I said to his wife who was driving the car. She turned her head and we were sitting in the back seat I guess. And she said, "Roberta, what did you want to know about Ray?" And I said, "Well, Ann. Nobody will tell me anything." I said, "Is he dying?" And she said, "Yes, Roberta, he's dying." And I said, "Well, why? What's he dying from?" And that was when she said "Well you'll know when you get there." And so we bounced along and drove up to the hospital and met my brother and his wife. And he didn't tell me what he thought he was suspecting either. And so they gave us these gowns and everything to put on and went into the room. And when Ray said, "I have a sad story to tell you." And I thought, oh, yeah, he's a nurse so something's happened here. And he said, "I have AIDS. And I have no one to blame but myself." And then my hopes went way down because I thought, well, there's some story here that I've not been told. I don't know what this is. And so I went up to his bedside and took hold of his hand. And I said, "Ray, God is a God of forgiveness." I said, "This whole week I've been working on a talk that I was supposed to give at church. And we went to Perkasie Mennonite at that time. And I said, "I've been working on a talk that I was supposed to give to church in the park on forgiveness." And I said, "I had to ask a friend to read it today because I couldn't be there." But I said, "You know, God is a God of forgiveness." And, yes, he agreed with that. But anyhow, can I digress just a little bit back to when Ray -- we were talking about his birth certificate and I said that when they let me name him I said I wanted to name him Baby Ray Edward Showalter. And he spoke up and he said, "Yeah. I have you to blame for that. It's on my birth certificate." I said, "Really?" He said, "Yes. It's written that way on my birth certificate -- Baby Ray Edward Showalter." And had to deal with that always. Well, anyhow, I wanted to talk to him alone because I wanted to ask him some questions and things. And finally I said to his wife Ann, "Do you mind if Harold and I can be alone with Ray for a little while?" And she looked at me sort of strange and then she said, "Okay." So she walked out of the room and that was when I tried to talk to him about God forgiving and he said -- see, how was that -- oh I told you that he said he didn't want us to tell anyone. And that was when I said, "Well I have to tell them because they are intelligent people and they know we came up here because you're dying. And they have to have a reason for why you're dying." So anyhow. Then, the more I talked to him he said, "Oh" -- when we were alone with him -- he said, "Oh, Roberta. I'm so glad you came." He said, "You know, as a nurse I used to think that visitors got in the way. And I didn't have time for them when I was taking care of patients." He said, "But it means so much to me that you drove all the way up here to be with me when I'm dying. And you didn't even know what was wrong." And so we just had a really good heart-to-heart chat with each other there that day. And then we came back home and waited for the call to come that he had died and that we were to go for a memorial service. And that was hard too because after he died and we went back to our home church for the memorial service -- this very judgmental place -- no that was the one we were at at -- well, anyhow, there we had to sit and hear the message about Ray among these people. And yet I knew that God was a God of forgiveness and I wanted to be that kind of a person. And right now I'm kind of drawing a blank. Oh, I told you about how I told God, "You know, I can't do this." And then what God said to me about the people. So I've often wondered if I wouldn't have had a gay brother, would I have been able to open my mind and to accept them into the church. At that time the church at Perkasie where we were members then -- we go to Salford now with our grandson and his family. But I've wondered if I would have been able to accept him. But the people at Perkasie Mennonite they didn't want to hear anything about gays and lesbians. There was no place for them to tell their story, no place for them to share in any meaningful way or give their testimony. And finally I said to Harold after we had been to some meeting that we went to like Witness Our Welcome or something. And I said, "Harold, you and I don't have any children at home anymore that can be affected by hatred." So I said, "I know that we're not welcome any longer at Perkasie Mennonite Church. They don't want us there. And they -- by all means -- have let us know that we're not to share in sharing time." And I said, "But you know what, I really feel that every time we walk in that door we're making a statement. And I really feel that God wants you and I to just walk in there each Sunday and we don't have to say anything. We'll just be there." And so that's what we agreed that we were going to do. And I remember that we came back from a Witness Our Welcome thing and we just wanted to share so bad the things that we had heard there about being a welcoming church and how we need to welcome all people and let God be the judge. And, yeah, we weren't supposed to say anything. And we agreed together that we were going to continue to go even if we weren't welcome there. And so that's what we did. And then our grandson, Luke who -- he and his partner have many apartments in Indiana University up at Indiana, Pennsylvania and in Bloomsburg. And they have rented these apartments to students. They will be giving those up pretty soon but that's not part of the story. So anyhow I often wondered if I wouldn't have had a gay brother would I have been able to accept people. And after he told his story I waited for quite a while. And we kept going to Connecting Families once a year and listened to the stories. And I remember so well the morning that I was sitting in the front row on the right-hand side and after people would tell their stories and they would be affirmed. And I heard God speaking to me and finally I said, "Okay, God. I'll go if you lead me. I will hold your people in my heart." And then how was I going to do this because I didn't have a computer -- didn't even know how to use one. I had a good typewriter. And so his boss -- he worked part time after he moved back here and he was retired for a contractor from our church at that time. And he and his wife had taken us to some gay and lesbian meeting. And we knew that they were on that side. And he said, "Roberta, you go down to this address in Souderton Shopping Center and he -- HK: (inaudible) RK: Huh? HK: Was it? RK: Yeah it was. And he said, "You go to this man -- this young man and you tell him I sent you and I want him to find a good computer for you to use." And so I said, "Okay." So I went down -- we both did. And I went into there and I told him that John had sent me and he said that you would help me find a good computer and show me how to use it because I have never used a computer. I've only used a typewriter. And he said, "Sure. I'd be glad to." And so he showed me. And when I told him what it was for -- because I wanted to be able to write stories that these people would send me so we could put them together in a book of stories so people could hear from their own lips what it was like to be born that way -- and he looked at me and he said, "I'll be glad to help you in any way I can." And I came to believe then that he was a gay man and that he was very happy to help me to get a computer and to get going in this work that I felt was so important -- that their stories needed to be told. But like I said before I wondered, could I, would I have been accepting if I didn't have a brother who died with AIDS. But I hope that I would have been and that by now with all the stories around that I would have been able to accept them. And I think maybe I would have. I don't know. JM: Can you tell me a little bit more about the meeting that you went to? Where was that meeting? RK: The Witness Our Welcome? JM: The one where you first had contact with LGBT people. RK: Yeah. Well, would that have been when we went to Connecting Families, the first time? HK: Probably. RK: Well Harold and I wanted to learn to know more about these people after my brother died with AIDS. And so we decided we would go to one of these weekends. And so we drove and I remember that when we came up to the place where you register somebody parked our car for us. Anyhow, they were very warm and welcoming to us. And that was when we actually heard the stories of these people and what it was like to be born a gay person. And, like I said, I've wondered. It took me ten years before I was ready to write their stories. JM: What state was this in? RK: Pennsylvania. JM: This was in Pennsylvania. RK: It was in Laurelville. Because we had moved back here. Our daughter upstairs had worked in a retirement home. And she had said to us when we were still living in Indiana -- she said, "Mom and Dad, I don't want you to go to a retirement home." She said, "They don't get good care there always." She said, "When you're ready to retire I want you to come and we'll buy a house together and you help us raise our kids and then we'll take care of you when you get older." And so that was the agreement that we had then. JM: If this is something that you would prefer not be a part of the work that we're doing today it may be better that we leave that portion to one side and maybe talk about it later. And think more about the contributions that you made in the Lehigh Valley. And how -- RK: Well -- HK: (inaudible) JM: This is about the time -- because we have to change the camera -- this is a good time to take a break. Would you mind we take a break now? RK: Okay. JM: Okay we're going to conclude for a moment and we'll be back sh-- (break in audio) JM: the interview with Roberta Kreider and Harold Kreider in Sellersville, Pennsylvania on January the 11th, 2020. And where we let off was you're talking about your relocation to Sellersville in the home of your daughter and your agreement with your daughter that you would live together and you would help them raise their children and they would help you when you needed to live in the latter part of your life not in a nursing home or in a retirement facility. Does that help you? Does that give you a position? RK: Yeah. And they didn't have money to buy a house and we had a house to sell in Indiana. And so we sold our house in Pennsylvania and used it to help buy this house. But this house was a real dump. The person who had lived here had been a roofer and he just dumped all his trash out there in the backyard. And so it was full of trash. And -- let's see -- was it? -- the stone wasn't pointed was it? HK: No. RK: No, it was just kind of crumbling stone and -- HK: Well plaster. It was covered with plaster but a lot of it had fallen off. It was all (inaudible). RK: So, anyhow, we needed to do something to make this house respectable. We have a book -- it must be upstairs -- of the before and after pictures of what it looked like before and what it looks like today. And we had a fairly nice house out in Pennsylvania -- I mean in Indiana. And I remember when I was jumping on the bouncer -- what do you call it? What do you call those round--HK: Trampoline. RK: -- yeah. On a small trampoline that we had. And I used to use that for exercise in Indiana before we came back here. And I would think about how I had seen this house -- or, no, they sent us drawings of what the rooms were like. And so I had figured out where furniture was going to go and all that. And it was so much different when I actually saw it I could hardly believe it. But anyhow, when we first moved -- well, I came back to help them with their first baby. And we lived in the room above our bedroom -- or I did -- for that month that I was here to help them. And so when I was here when the baby came first -- or, anyhow -- I had figured out how we were going to arrange that room. No, that was when the second child came. And Luke, the little guy, he had come into the room where I had my stuff and he said, "Oh, Grandma, it's just getting cozier and cozier in here." And he was so tickled that we were going to move back here to live with them. And they had a big sign made and he was dancing up and down when the truck came in and when we drove in behind it. And it had a big sign, "Welcome home Ma and Pa." And so they really made us feel very welcome. But that's another whole story that I don't want told on the video here. But anyhow, growing up, all of the children are gone now and married and in homes of their own. And I tell Luke -- who has our power of attorney, our oldest grandson. And I tell him that he's the in-between family now like we used to be in between the grandparents and the grandchildren. And back to church acceptance. At Perkasie they did not want to accept them. But then as time went on they finally became more open and welcoming. But we still weren't able to really share our stories too much. But then we were a part of this group that was trying to be a welcoming group and starting to investigate letting them be a part of the church. And then the pastor -- we had two women pastors -- and she called us, asked if we'd come in to the library during the week she wanted to visit with us. And what she wanted to tell us was that there were people in the church that were very unhappy that we were advocating letting these people be a part of the church just like everybody else. And that they didn't like that. And I -- oh I know -- we just came back from one of those big meetings of Witness Our Welcome and had been really urged there to share. And I can't remember the statement of what they would say. But anyhow -- oh, if one isn't welcome, none are welcome and that we need to welcome everybody. And so that's what I wanted to do. And then when a friend of ours who was gay and we knew she was a lesbian and she had a partner and she had been asked to bring the morning message. And they didn't know that she was a lesbian. And so I had prayed and said, "God, if I am to share in sharing time then please help me to know for sure that you want me to do it. Because I don't want to make dissension here in the church." And sure enough, when got -- after she had brought her message and we got to sharing time and the leader said, "We have extra time this morning, so there's plenty of time to share." And I thought, oh, okay, I guess that's what that means. And so I finally stood and asked for the mic and I shared what we had heard in this Witness Our Welcome meeting. And that week then she called us into the library because she wanted to talk with us. And she said people were very unhappy with the things you shared on Sunday in sharing time. And I said, "Yes. How many?" And she said four people had been unhappy and had complained to her that we were able to share this in sharing time at church. And I said, well that's interesting. I said, "I had prayed about whether or not I was to share and when the leader got up and said we have extra time this morning I took it to mean that God was saying to me go ahead and share what you learned this week. And so that's why I shared." And I said, "And tell me," I said, "Those people that complained. Why didn't they come to us? Why did they come to you and complain? Why didn't they tell us?" I said, "Would you please when anybody complains to you about what we're doing will you please ask them to come and tell us directly so we can tell them why we're doing what we're doing?" And so we kind of left it that way. But it's interesting that when they finally -- this committee decided okay, we're ready to welcome gay and lesbian people. Now we'll make it known. We'll put it on our website that we're welcoming them to come. So we had a meeting later on of this group that was taking the initiative to start welcoming them. And she said, "Well, nobody's come. We've said they're welcome. We've put it on our website. And nobody comes." And I said, "Oh, can't you see?" I said, "These people were here while we dickered and dockered about whether or not they could be members, what we were going to do with them, whether they could sit together in church, and all that stuff we went through. And then they got discouraged and they went away and up to the Lehigh Valley and they found churches that were welcoming. And they've become members of those churches. And do you think that now when we say the doors are open that they're going to come flocking back here to be members?" I said, "No, it'll have to be people that have never been members before if they're going to welcome them back." And then she said, "But Roberta, we thought you were going to bring them." (laughs) And I guess that's when I said, "Do you think they would come flocking back like that?" So that was a long story but they finally became an open and welcoming church. And about that time our grandson who had gone with us to a meeting over at one of the other Mennonite churches -- another branch of our Mennonite churches. And he had been there for this meeting and anyhow, we were sitting about three rows back from the front and I had to sit at the end because there wasn't any place for my walker and I had to have a walker at that time. And I looked up in the row in front and there was a lesbian couple. And they turned around and the woman said to me, "Roberta, do you remember us?" And I looked at her and I said, "I remember your faces but I can't say your names." And then they said their names and what church they were going to and said that they were there to welcome the man who was speaking to invite him to their church to share their story so that they could become a welcoming congregation where they were. And I remember that night as this man shared the story of being gay and what all. And it was just so real of what we had gone through and I just burst out crying. And I just couldn't hold the tears back. And I just sobbed and sobbed. And my grandson sitting there didn't know what to make of me sobbing like that. And so when we went out and we sat in the car a little bit before we went home and he had the car idling. And he looked at me and he said, "Grandma," he said, "I don't know what to do." And I said, "Well Luke, God will show you if there's something that you're supposed to do." I said, "You just keep an open mind and heart and God will show you." And so then we had been having a group that met in our home for gay and lesbian people. Because when one set of books came out one of the gay men came and helped unload it and he and I talked about what can we do to get Mennonites to welcome these people. And to get Mennonite gay and lesbian people to not be afraid to come and tell their stories. And so that's when we decided to send out a welcome to have people meet in our home. And for -- oh I don't know how many years -- we had gay and lesbian groups meeting in our homes. And they would tell their stories and we would share together. And we couldn't -- well, different people would bring refreshments and it was just a good time together. And then after oh I don't know how many years I said to Harold one time, "You know, I think that maybe it's time that this group has served its purpose." I said, "I think that these people -- a lot of them -- are just coming out of welcome to us because we've always welcomed them. And they're afraid to move on. But I think that they need to move on in their lives." And I said, "We need to free them to do that. Don't you think?" And so we agreed. And so at the next meeting I said something to them about we don't want you to feel that you're tied to this group in any way. And if God is calling you in some other way we want you to know that we will release you gladly. And so they talked about it and they said, "Yes, it's time that we move on, but we would like to meet twice a year to keep in touch with one another and what's going on. And so that's how that went about. But I remember that Luke had said, "What shall I do." And so the time came that they decided they were going to come to Perkasie Mennonite Church and be a part of our group because we were welcoming. And so they came on a Sunday and shared during sharing time that they would like to be a part of our group because they wanted to welcome gay and lesbian people. And then that week I got an email from Luke and he said, "Grandma, what do you know about Salford Mennonite Church?" And so I wrote back and said, "Luke, if you want to know if I think it would be a better fit for you and your family than Perkasie, even though it pains me greatly to let you go I feel that I have to say yes because your kids go to school with kids from these different schools and they'll have a lot more friends to meet with them here and make them welcome than they ever would have at Perkasie." And so, I say, "Yes, we release you to go there." And so they started going. And then there was a special meeting and this fella who had a gay son and he had married his son and his partner and had raised a ruckus in the church he was in. But he and I had stories in a booklet together. And I wanted so bad to meet him. But then I realized why they protected us from him that none of us could meet him, he could only tell his story at the front of the church. But on that Sunday we were sitting in the handicapped section. And the minute church was out a gay man came up to me and he said, "Roberta, I want to meet you." He said, "I'm a gay man and I am so thankful for what you've done" or something like that. So that was interesting. And we've had occasion to meet others. And because of the acoustics in that church we have discovered that when we sit clear at the back that we can hear without any devices in our ears or anything. And so that's what we started doing is sitting back there. And Luke and his wife Mandy take turns sitting behind us. And if I have to go out I just have to motion and they will see that I get to go out. But I usually manage to stay until the end. But we've been made to feel very welcome there and they want to also hear my story and there are people there praying for us today because I told them that we had friends coming from PFLAG and they would be asking for our story and making a video of it. And I said, "I feel very inadequate for this." And I wanted them to pray. And it's very interesting that this morning the woman who supports us there in trying to get the church periodical to us, she had come to the door. She hadn't been there and heard what I said last Sunday and so she didn't realize that we were going to be doing this this morning. And so she was very pleased to hear that you were going to be here to interview us today. So, that's the way things are happening and I have to feel that just like that morning when I was debating if it was -- I knew somebody needed to write these stories -- MF: Pause. RK: And I didn't -- (break in audio) RK: I remember sitting in that front row and they were singing, "Here I am Lord. Is it I Lord. I've heard you calling in the night. I will go Lord, if you lead me. I will hold your people in my heart." And from then on it was my responsibility. And it's amazing how people latched on and helped and gave me stories. And just that I knew that it wasn't my project but it was parents and families and friends -- all of us doing this together. JM: Roberta, we need to take a pause right now and when we come back I'd like to ask a couple more questions about the work that you've done. So we're going to take a break right here. RK: Okay. (break in audio) HK: Married a woman like she is. (laughs) JM: She's a pistol. HK: Yeah. (laughs) (inaudible) JM: She really, really is a pistol. HK: Yeah. MF: Did you tell them how -- how did the two of you meet? HK: Pardon? MF: How did the two of you meet? HK: We met at our church college in Kansas. I can remember so vividly. Our dining hall was in the basement of the girls' dormitory and it was morning breakfast and she came down the stairs from the -- where students lived for the breakfast -- men and women both. And she had her head all bandaged up for some reason or other. And I thought to myself, there's a person I'd like to take care of. (laughter) And what had happened is they had a class outing and she's up to bat and when she swung the bat her kneecap slid over to the side and she went to the ground. And so she had to be on crutches for a month or more. And I really didn't learn or know her until I was a student myself and the draft was on for World War II. And I'd gotten a notice from the draft board that I had a choice to make. One was my dad had enough units on the farm that I could be deferred. And so I went home and was home three years but finally had to go to camp after that for a year and half. So that's the way that went. And before I was out of camp we -- I had a furlough coming up -- ten-day furlough -- and that's when we got married in '46. Then she went to camp with me. That was Gulfport, Mississippi. And that was quite a change going from Colorado Springs -- I was there a year before we were married and got married on the way to this transfer to Gulfport. And that was a real change. I'd gained nearly fifty pounds in Colorado. And down there I lost it all and I've never gotten it back since. And it was really hot down there. No air conditioning. Sheets would be wet in the morning from sweating. MF: How long were you in Gulfport? HK: Pardon? MF: How long were you in Gulfport? (inaudible) HK: Oh about seven months. Until I was released. The war was over and I was released then. JM: And Harold Kreider. It is Sellersville, Pennsylvania and it is the 11th of January, 2020. And go ahead. RK: Okay. As we continued over the years to support gay and lesbian people and this community of faith we had many opportunities to share in mixed audiences. And I was asked to speak quite a few places. And I remember especially the time -- I believe it was a Reading, Pennsylvania where we were speaking at a church. And all of a sudden I realized that there were going to be atheist people in that community. And I thought, oh God, what am I going to do. And I didn't know how to include them. And then God gave me an answer. And so when I got up to speak I said, "I've been asked to tell my story today. And because it is my story I'll have to tell it the way I lived it. But I want you to know, whoever you are, that I would welcome hearing your stories also. And if there just was enough time I would be glad if I could hear your stories too." And do you know that every time after that one I always prefaced my speeches that way. And every time the very first people to come up to me and welcome me were atheists. And they would say, "Roberta, I really appreciated hearing your story. I'm an atheist." But I think they said first, "I'm an atheist, but I really appreciated hearing your story today. May we eat with you?" And so they would come and sit at the table and eat with us so that we could hear their stories too, because they were gay or lesbian. And so that was a really meaningful part of our journey, I felt. And Harold was able to share then too. But I think I said before that I was always his secretary because he didn't use electronic devices of any kind. HK: Well the reason because I was raised on a farm and my parents were not encouraging my education because it was just too busy. We were dairy farmers and I was up early in the morning and early to bed. And busy in between. JM: You spoke, Roberta, about atheists wanting to tell their stories to you at the table. What common features did they have in their dinner conversation with you? RK: Well, I guess they just told me of how they were raised. And it was just their stories. I don't know how else to tell you. And -- but I thought it was something that I felt God answered my prayer in saying this is a way you can handle it and include them too. And what amazed me was that every time the very first people that came up were always people who said, "Roberta, I'm an atheist, but I was glad to hear your story today." And then wanted to eat with us so that they could share part of their story. So it's just been a really exciting journey. And, like I said, I've wondered if I wouldn't have had a gay brother would I have been able to welcome them. And I hope that by now I could have welcomed them with open arms because I know that our creator has created us all and it's not his will or his purpose that anybody should go to hell. And I don't think there is a literal hell. Although I know that there are people who love to hold that over other people's heads. But I don't do that any longer. HK: Well, I think if there's any hell, people make it for themselves here in this life. And that in the end they're in God's hands and they're not destroyed. God, I don't think, destroys what he creates. So, that's where I'm at. JM: This is a wonderful opportunity here, your story. And I believe I would like to ask you as you think about what the two of you spoke about today if there's anything that maybe you missed that you'd like to share with us now. RK: Do you have anything else that -- HK: What? RK: -- do you have anything else that you want to add? HK: Well, I'll give Roberta this praise. I'm just so fortunate that she's my wife and that we've been able to share this journey together. And it's hard for me to believe that I've come from where I was born to where I am now and to feel so different about people different from ourselves. And I think the statement in the scriptures where it says God is love. Well if God is love then I can't do anything else or less. And I can relate to people of any kind without being judgmental about them. It's just not my business to judge people. Judge not that you be not judged the scriptures also says, and so I've never been happier in my life than I am right now. And I feel so fortunate to have married a woman that is what she is and she has certainly made a better person of myself. JM: When we conclude an interview because this is an ongoing process we always like to say -- before we thank you -- can you think -- who can you think of that we might want to talk with that has a story like yours about being allies, advocates for people who are LGBT? RK: Well, do you see those pictures over there? That's our gay gallery. And our granddaughter over there -- HK: And the only granddaughter we have. RK: Well, the -- yeah, the only one by birth. When she was a little girl, twelve years old, she would bring her laptop down to sit at our table to tell grandpa and I how wrong we were in our welcome of gay and lesbian people. And we just let her [rile?] and then we just answered her as good as we could and let it go. And do you know the time came that we were asked -- or I was asked to come to the Church of the Open Door in Arkansas -- forget the name of the Arkansas. And the purpose was to receive the Peggy Campolo award for -- oh what does it say on there? -- for anyhow, working with the gay and lesbian people or whatever. And by that time we weren't traveling anymore. But they said that she would take care of all travel. She would go with us. And we just follow her. And so that's the way we went down to that church. And I had the story of the pastor and his partner in one of the books. And so when I shared with our granddaughter who is also a counselor and she and I have shared deeply about the things in my background and the abuse that I had and all of that. And at that time she said grandma, that wasn't your fault and you don't feel like it was. And she really had talked to me. But anyhow, one day as I was sitting at the computer getting ready for stories to come, here came this email from her and I said, "Oh Grandpa, oh Harold, come here." I said, "I can't read this out loud without crying." I said, "You'll just have to come and sit here and read it -- what [Anika?] has to say." And she said, "Grandma and Grandpa, do you remember when I was a little girl and I brought my laptop down to convince you how wrong you were?" She said, "I'm so ashamed of that." She said, "Can you ever forgive me?" And so after he read it we [went out?] and I wrote back and I said, "Oh, Anika. We remember that time very well and we always hoped that someday you would be able to see it differently. And so we're so thankful that God has answered our prayers." And then she sent pictures of that time in Arkansas, and of that speaking engagement. And she said, "Grandma, now I know you have my family pictures over on the front side of your refrigerator with the rest of the family pictures. And that's where I want them." But she said, "These pictures I want you to put over on the other side in your gay gallery as a testimony to what I feel and believe today." And so there's a whole row over there of pictures of that time in Arkansas and of her speaking and all of us together. And how the people welcomed us and heard our stories and it was just an amazing time together and I thank God that we were able to make that trip. B ut our daughter in Oregon has always supported us and she knew that I had trouble with my eyes and she's the one who sent me a Kindle and said, "Mom, I'm going to give you this Kindle because I think it will help you with your eyes and so you can be able to read and do the work that you do." And she has worked for years in a school that welcomes high school dropouts. They would be dropouts entirely to the system and everything if she and her team did not welcome them. And she has one more year to go and then she will be retiring. And they're retiring to a home out in the country. But anyhow, she has always supported us. It's really been good to know that she has cared that much about me and my eyes because she knows that my grandmother went blind before she died and it's a trait that runs in my family. So. And also that story about the Indians and massacring a cellar full of settlers. And I discovered from another person who searched out my background that that's my fifth generation from me. And that I was part of that group that was rescued by some good Indians. And that's quite a story too. So I just feel that I did what I did because God had his hand on me and I said yes. That's all I can say. That it's been a marvelous journey and one that I'm so glad I didn't have to miss. And I still keep up with, I mean, different ones of those still text me at times. And the guy clear up on the -- is that on the front -- well, anyhow, he followed me almost anyplace I went to hear me talk. And he wanted a partner so bad. And I hadn't been able to find one for him. But God gave him a partner. And now there's another story brewing right now of a guy that he was supposed to come for Christmas dinner at Luke and Mandy's house where we were invited. And that's another whole long story. And I had said, "I missed you there." And then he wrote back and said, "You missed me because I found a life partner. And he's sick and I'm trying to help him. And I'm not sure what the sickness is yet." But, anyhow, we still have people that we're in contact with as much as I'm able. And I read so many good books on Kindle. JM: We are so grateful to have this time to talk with you today and to hear your story and to preserve your story for generations to come. The material will be stored professionally at Muhlenberg College. It will be available for academic research. And I believe there will be people in the future who will sit and watch this conversation with you. And I think their hearts will be gladdened. So thank you so much for the time today. RK: Well, thank you for giving us the opportunity. Because I really am glad to share my story as far and wide as we can. Because I know that was because God showed me that he is no respecter of persons but that he loves everybody. And years ago we were part of a group that was an inter-faith group. And we met in the home of [Barry and Janet Hartsaw?]. And I think they still have the group meeting in their home. But we had to drop out as we got older because we couldn't drive anymore and all of that. But we met wonderful people in there. We met Muslims who shared their story and discovered how God loves us all. And that I don't want to be a judge of anybody. I just want to welcome everybody. And I wish that you would include the sign on our front door somehow in your video. JM: We will make sure that we have a photograph of the sign, and -- with your permission -- your award, and a photograph of the two of you sitting together. So, again, I believe our videographer Danielle is aware that we're reaching our 90-minute point. So, again, thank you so much for your time. And this has been a wonderful opportunity for me to learn. Thank you. RK: Well the people in our Sunday school class at church, we share very deeply. And I had told them about this. And they said they would be praying for us today too. So we had a lot of friends praying for us today that we could be strong and be able to do it. So I'm thankful that you can before God calls us home. And I don't know. We have donated our bodies to science. And so when that time comes we won't have time for much of a goodbye together because they'll have to come and take them while they're viable. So, but isn't that -- I mean, why just dig a hole and put us in. So (inaudible). JM: Harold, could I ask you to offer a benediction for us. HK: Sure. Lord we thank you for the presence of our friends to be with us today. And we thank you for the opportunity to share with them our experience along life's journey. And we pray your blessing upon them. Will you give them much courage and much wisdom as they share this information with them that has been given to them today. Thank you for their presence and their grace. Amen. JM: Amen. RK: I'm sorry he couldn't share more of his story. But usually we -- HK: Well, it's been very involved with your story. So. RK: Well, I know that we've been in it together. But -- HK: I just feel so fortunate that she's my wife. END OF AUDIO FILE Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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01:33:43
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Roberta and Harold Kreider, January 11, 2020
Description
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Roberta and Harold Krieder discuss their activism and work as allies to LGBTQ+ communities. They describe how the death of Roberta’s beloved brother due to HIV started them on the path toward advocacy for LGBTQ+ people. They go on to discuss their work within the Mennonite Church to make their congregation inclusive of LGBTQ+ people, their work with Witness our Welcome, and their public advocacy for LGBTQ+ communities in the Lehigh Valley and beyond. Roberta Krieder also discusses her published books, which sought to document religious trauma for LGBTQ+ people and to encourage religious organizations to be inclusive of LGBTQ+ members.
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LGBT-06
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2020-01-11
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video
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley
Description
An account of the resource
This collection began in 2019 with the initial goal of collecting ten oral histories from older adult LGBT people in the Lehigh Valley. Topics explored include the childhood experiences of LGBT people, experiences within educational and religious institutions, coming out stories, understanding of the gay liberation movement (1960-1980s), experience of the early years of the AIDS epidemic and AIDS activism (1980s-present), and experience with the fight for marriage equality. The project has been a collaborative effort among faculty and librarians from Cedar Crest College, Lehigh University, Moravian College, Muhlenberg College, and members of the local community, under the direction of Dr. Mary Foltz, Associate Professor of English at Lehigh University and Co-Director of the South Side Initiative. <br /><br /><em> The project was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.</em>
Oral History
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Interviewer
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Mary Foltz
Interviewee
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Joseph Burns
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https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/ohms-viewer/render.php?cachefile=LGBT-07.xml
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Le-Hi-Ho
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5.4 October 12, 2019 Joseph Burns (Part 1), October 12, 2019 LGBT-07 01:29:35 LVLGBT Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository This oral history recording was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Le-Hi-Ho Joseph Burns Mary Foltz video BurnsJoseph_20191012_Video 1.0:|27(4)|50(9)|71(6)|92(5)|109(13)|134(9)|155(7)|174(14)|191(7)|214(16)|235(10)|260(2)|281(18)|300(6)|319(15)|340(14)|363(3)|386(2)|415(2)|436(3)|459(4)|480(6)|501(13)|522(9)|541(5)|564(2)|583(11)|604(3)|627(14)|650(12)|675(4)|694(11)|711(9)|732(4)|751(10)|770(7)|791(10)|812(14)|835(9)|854(14)|879(3)|900(14)|919(2)|940(6)|961(6)|978(18)|995(7)|1016(4)|1037(2)|1054(13)|1071(3)|1090(2)|1123(7)|1142(5)|1165(10)|1184(6)|1209(3)|1232(3)|1245(10)|1274(10)|1301(10)|1334(3)|1353(13)|1374(6)|1395(9)|1420(7)|1437(13)|1458(3)|1477(9)|1496(5)|1519(17)|1546(12)|1563(8)|1586(11)|1605(10)|1626(4)|1649(4)|1672(3)|1697(7)|1720(5)|1737(14)|1762(13)|1789(7)|1812(3)|1833(10)|1850(7)|1875(7)|1892(7)|1913(2)|1926(5) 0 https://youtu.be/mrynu9OOewM YouTube video 4 Interview Introduction MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz and I’m here with Joseph Burns to talk about his life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This project has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We are here with Joseph in his home in Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania. It is October twelfth, two-thousand nineteen. Carol Moeller is our videographer today. Joseph, I want to thank you so much for agreeing to --
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 ; JOSEPH BURNS: Thank you.
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 ; MF: -- talk with us. And the first thing I want to ask is did you consent to this interview today? 0 63 Childhood / Early Life MF: And just to start our conversation today, could you tell us a little bit about your childhood?
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 ; JB: Okay. I was born in Butler, Pennsylvania, which is north of Pittsburgh, about thirty miles. And it’s a town of about thirty-thousand, I think. Maybe twenty three- thousand at that time. So, it’s a medium sized town and it was the county seat. And it was a great life. This was before the war. I was born before the war. Then, I began -- the war years, of course, started in forty-one and we spent our time, a large part of our time outside the city because they were polio summers, okay? So, when the summers came, we went outside the city. 0 738 Starting Le-Hi-Ho / About Le-Hi-Ho MF: I just am excited for you to keep going. You should feel like you can just keep talking in the direction that you want to go. And then, if you exhaust it, then I’ll ask a question. I mean, I have so many things that I’m curious about. Why? Why you started Le-Hi-Ho and how it kind of came together, who you were talking with? You know, how did you imagine this organization?
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 ; JB: Oh, I left town. When I left home, I was ready, I think. I was ready to go. I was ready to find what I knew was there, okay? I knew that there were, I knew such of a thing -- was gay bar. I had never been into one prior to that. I had had, I think, yeah, and twenty-three, I had another event, another time when I was with somebody. Le-Hi-Ho 0 3135 Le-Hi-Ho Newsletter MF: So, my questions are, you know, what in particular did you want to publish in the newsletter? Did you publish on politics or was it --
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 ; JB: Okay.
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 ; MF: -- more social?
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 ; JB: I did -- it was politics. I was [strong?] informational and, a matter of fact, got into trouble for it. I was writing as much -- I was doing all this scholarship on the side. And so, I was making what I called reviews of these books. They weren’t reviews of these books. They were really giving you -- since you aren’t going to read the book, this is what the book said. And these are important ideas, okay? Le-Hi-Ho 0 3598 Being Out in the Lehigh Valley MF: Can I ask, before you moved to the Lambda Center, what was it like for Le-Hi-Ho and just to be out in Bethlehem as a city. Like, what was it like at Bethlehem Steel --
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 ; JB: I didn’t have --
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 ; MF: -- to be out?
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 ; JB: -- any problem with it. I wasn’t extraordinarily social. I mean, I kept with some gay people. Remember, at that time, you had -- Friday night was your gay -- okay, Friday, Saturdays was your gay time. And so, that was, it was kind of what you did, okay? Le-Hi-Ho 0 4198 Contact with Other Organizations MF: May I ask -- there’s this really interesting way that in the stories that you’re telling, Le-Hi-Ho is moving all around the region. Members are going to Philadelphia, you’re going to New York City, you’re in contact with these major --
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 ; JB: I was.
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 ; MF: -- organizations, yeah.
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 ; JB: So, I was because I wanted to be, okay? And I wrote that. And, you know, I wrote about the Stonewall and the meeting and the conflict that was taking place between the old guard and the new guard, which is the homophile organizations and this new group that wants to be out and political and it wants to be very forward and right in your face, confronting. 0 4414 PA Council for Sexual Minorities / Gay Caucus JB: I just did it and the Le-Hi-Ho, two things happened. There was an organization that started in ‘75. This is five, this is six years later, in Reading, okay? Came to Le-Hi-Ho and said, “We’re starting, need your advice.” I went down and stayed with them, literally, for a long time. That organization that we started was called -- at that time, there was movement to start this Pennsylvania Council on Sexual Minorities. There was a group that met in Harrisburg, conceiving this idea, making it up with Governor Shapp’s approval. 0 4917 Impact of Le-Hi-Ho MF: So, I just want to ask that -- you know, for you, personally, what kind of impact do you think Le-Hi-Ho had on Bethlehem, on the Lehigh Valley, and just on the region, more broadly?
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 ; JB: Okay, ask me again.
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 ; MF: What kind of impact did Le-Hi-Ho have on Bethlehem, on the Lehigh Valley?
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 ; JB: Okay, I --
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 ; MF: What’s its legacy?
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 ; JB: -- said that the educational thing was very important. Okay, you’re reaching out to high school students, to college students, giving them good information on a regular basis. 0 5200 Citizens of Decency JB: I’ll tell you what: there’s another organization that founded in ‘87. We founded in Allentown with the Allentown -- so, we call ourselves Citizens (inaudible) for Better Community. The reason we did that, there was -- it was a professor at Lehigh, professor at Muhlenberg, Frank -- I’ll think of his name after awhile. It’s not important or anything but -- who, as soon as we announced that we were going to try for gay rights in Allentown -- organizing organization called Citizens -- COD, Citizens for Decency, something like that. 0 MovingImage Joseph Burns talks about his experience of being a gay man in Bethlehem, PA in the 1970s and '80s, namely his involvement with Le-Hi-Ho (Lehigh Valley Homophile Movement). MARY FOLTZ:My name is Mary Foltz and I'm here with Joseph Burns to talk about his life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This project has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We are here with Joseph in his home in Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania. It is October twelfth, two-thousand nineteen. Carol Moeller is our videographer today. Joseph, I want to thank you so much for agreeing to -- JOSEPH BURNS:Thank you. MF:-- talk with us. And the first thing I want to ask is did you consent to this interview today? JB:Yes, of course. I did, absolutely. MF:Wonderful. We're really grateful that you take the time to talk to us. And I want to start by asking you, could you please give me your birth date? JB:Eight-one-forty. August first, nineteen-forty. MF:And just to start our conversation today, could you tell us a little bit about your childhood? JB:Okay. I was born in Butler, Pennsylvania, which is north of Pittsburgh, about thirty miles. And it's a town of about thirty-thousand, I think. Maybe twenty three- thousand at that time. So, it's a medium sized town and it was the county seat. And it was a great life. This was before the war. I was born before the war. Then, I began -- the war years, of course, started in forty-one and we spent our time, a large part of our time outside the city because they were polio summers, okay? So, when the summers came, we went outside the city. We had a piece of property outside the city about eighteen or nineteen miles. We went there and spent our summers as children and took our friends along and really stayed out -- pretty much out of the summer polio season, which was devastating in terms of how many people would get sick. And we never did. But outside of that, it was very happy. That was an extraordinarily happy time to be -- my family was good. Well off enough to be able to afford to stay out there. My father came and went every day, for work. And my mother ultimately became a member of the school board, which kind of influenced my life a little bit, made me a little, you know, a little more cautious about who I was and what I could do. But really (inaudible) a whole lot but she -- I think my -- between the two of them, my father would be the more nurturing figure, okay, and the person that I really went to for more nurturing. And that was just true of the family. My mother was a good person and really -- but she had her feelings about things, very different, and was not as caring somehow, not able to communicate the same sort of warmth as my dad did. And so, we had a very special relationship (inaudible) and that was very warm and well-remembered. He lived until I was nineteen. Died in 1960. By that time, I was growing up enough -- I had come out -- I didn't come out, as a matter of fact. I was hesitant, lonely as a child (inaudible) a lot of my childhood, and especially as I became gay. At about thirteen, I think, was my first experience, with a friend. Another person in school, the same age, the same grade of school that I was. Happened in my home. In the basement, there were a pair of, set of bunk beds downstairs, and that's where we had our first encounter. And we went on for probably several months but not longer than that. He was an individual interesting to me because he had some effeminate characteristics more than I would have and more than typical for men. But he also -- and I saw him a gap of time, okay? Remember, I was thirteen then. We were probably -- I remember knowing him till we graduated school and he was a clerk in a men's store, which -- he was still a clerk in a men's store. That's what he did for his whole existence and retired from there. And I didn't see him again for fifty-five years when we came together for the high school reunion. Went to first high school reunion. I went back, it was fifty-five years. So, he's the same person. Exactly the same person. But he was married all these years, to a woman. Assume had children. Nobody talked about children at the reunion. Surprised the heck out of me. I thought that would be the whole conversation. Not at all. Nobody even talked a word about children. And people were so much the same as they were in high school. Like, the high school president was still in charge of this particular occasion and he -- very much the same. Looked the same, talked the same, was the same. Personality, the same. And it was true of so many people but it was also true of this boy, which I thought was most remarkable that he had not changed in all these years and yet had never probably been gay himself. I just find it absolutely remarkable that he remained -- maintained marriage and maintained his lifestyle. And after that, there was only one other person. Then, there was a long period of plight for a long time when I was too shy, too afraid, and too absorbed in the whole business of being gay to reach out. Probably fearful, probably not ever very heterosexual and could -- that was not something I even got to very much at all. I tried. Went out on a few dates. But there was not anything that I was really interested in doing, quite honestly. And that -- maintained myself, even through high school and college. I did not have another encounter with anybody. I knew I was gay. Certainly was dealing with the issue myself but I did not reach out to any other gay people and rarely knew any. When I left Butler, finally, at the age of twenty-seven, and this was years later, I still only knew two gay people in Butler. So, it was a lonely life for me there and was very willing to leave and went to Allentown, Bethlehem, really, in '67, and at twenty-seven. Partly, I had dropped out of college and I was going to go back to college. Well, I went back and I didn't go to college but I did stay in Bethlehem, very happily, and started to come out. And slowly, going to a bar called Rubes. I don't know what Rubes is -- was in existence then, on the corner of Ninth and Hamilton, as I recall. And there was another bar down -- the bus station was kind of gay, part-time, on weekends, especially. And as that happened, in '69, somebody bought the bar by the name of Larry Johns. Yes, Larry Johns is his name and he bought that particular bar, called the Rendezvous, then. And it was the bar that was associated with the bus station and it's just a very small bar. I don't think more than fifteen seats in it. And he put a dance floor in back, which was quite exciting for the time. And then, he founded Stonewall, later on. Sold the Rendezvous, although Rendezvous continued for a long time as a bar. And, let me see, so coming out was slow for me. I met a few people prior to Le-Hi-Ho who were -- in that day, there were queen bees, okay? And a queen bee would be a male homosexual who is -- usually a lot of personality and enough to hold other people. And he would create a social circle for himself. Now, in some times, and this was true almost in every town in America -- probably had a queen bee who was truly -- dominated that society. And not a very large circle. There might be just five or six people, it might be fifteen people. Might be a very large group depending on the person himself. But they were very -- they were leaders, they were social leaders. Commanded the social scene and really, there were specific people. They were funny, they were gregarious. They were also extraordinarily sarcastic, sarcasm being the coin of the realm, to a certain degree, because that passed for sophistication. I'm not sure quite what had happened. I always thought sarcasm hurt more than it was good. But it still was the coin of the realm and if you were sarcastic, then you got to be more popular and more -- dominating those people. So, I met a young man who was in his fifties, had a small coterie of two, three other people, I think, and a home in Bethlehem. A nice little home, quite comfortable. And that was my social set for a while. I met a few people at the bar, older men, specifically. By that time, I was twenty-seven going on thirty. And Le-Hi-Ho was founded when I was twenty-nine. So, my point was that I went -- being, feeling lonely. I was going to a psychiatrist for a period of time and I would talk to him about how do I get to know people? How do I be social? What do I do? Le-Hi-Ho started in, I think, in May or April of 1969, just right after the Stonewall -- and that's important. I'll talk about that. But that was the end of my psychiatry, yeah. I found what I needed, you know? I really kind of did not bloom but I certainly came out and was willing to come out. I had read in the paper, the Philadelphia -- no, wouldn't have been, 'cause that -- I'm not sure. Would have been the morning paper out of Philadelphia and I don't -- I'm not sure that I remember the name of it anymore. But Barbara Gittings was listed in there and she was my inspiration because I thought if Barbara Gittings could be out like that, and she (inaudible) she had been the editor of Ladder and was an activist in Philadelphia. A gay activist (inaudible) be an activist. And I thought, boy, if she could do it, I could do it, too. And so, my opportunity, then, came up pretty quickly after that and I was very, very happy and it was the first moment I knew I was going to be out. I was not going to be one of the closeted people. But that was the brief up to that point, okay, if there are any questions about that. Do you have anything to ask me about that? Any illuminations? MF:I just am excited for you to keep going. You should feel like you can just keep talking in the direction that you want to go. And then, if you exhaust it, then I'll ask a question. I mean, I have so many things that I'm curious about. Why? Why you started Le-Hi-Ho and how it kind of came together, who you were talking with? You know, how did you imagine this organization? JB:Oh, I left town. When I left home, I was ready, I think. I was ready to go. I was ready to find what I knew was there, okay? I knew that there were, I knew such of a thing -- was gay bar. I had never been into one prior to that. I had had, I think, yeah, and twenty-three, I had another event, another time when I was with somebody. And then, it became a little more natural and I met some more people. Individuals. Typically older. Oh, probably even older than I was and I was already twenty-seven. Now, that's interesting. I came out at that age, too. I decided I was coming out and so I wrote to my mother first and the rest of the family and said, "I'm gay" and was -- came out, literally, to them and to other people. So, I was working in Bethlehem still at that point. And I was able to come out in my work, which -- I was working as a laborer. And open-hearth furnaces and so on (inaudible) so, I knew people but it -- again, it was a lonely, lonely existence and I felt that keenly. And I felt very, very lonely. I called it my lonely years, twenty-seven to twenty-nine, between twenty-seven and twenty-nine, when I was able to come out, when I was able to really reach out to other people with Le-Hi-Ho and found my, you know, my niche for myself. Well, I was very, very happy about that afterwards. Became the first newsletter editor for them. And the first meeting, I think the -- well, we'll talk about that, too. I was -- Le-Hi-Ho was founded through the auspices of Mattachine, New York City. And approximately, I think, February. I don't know the date. And I have the letter and it's in the -- I sent that (inaudible) inviting people to -- person who was going to form a group through the auspices of Mattachine, New York. He was a local, Ron Seeds. And Ron Seeds was also working at Bethlehem Steel. He was more, he was in the office, and I don't know what he did. I think he was probably mid-management somewhere but it would be mid-staff management, I believe, not directly supervising anybody that I'd be aware of. He was approximately my age. I'm not sure where we were. At that time, I was twenty-nine when Le-Hi-Ho was formed. I met my lover that first meeting and I did not get together with him. But I knew I saw him, knew who he was. Met him again at Christmas time, at New Year's, New Year's Eve, at -- in 1970. New Year's Eve -- of [Grant?], the 1970s, '69 into '70. And we were a place called the Coral Reef in the Poconos. Now that's important because among other things, we -- Le-Hi-Ho had early fundraising was drag shows. And they were down at the Coral Reef, the Coral Reef being in the Poconos, some distance from where we were. And they were successful. We would have several hundred people and we made three or four hundred dollars out of them, which was a lot of money to us. I mean, we were shoestring budget the whole time, literally. We just never needed, we never lacked for money. If they ever did, they put in the newsletter, "We need money" and people would contribute and they went on. But it was still, it was not, never became a greatly funded organization. Just went along, published this newsletter for twenty-five years, there's been a continuous newsletter. Now, the fact that Le-Hi-Ho was founded -- this is important -- again, it was founded in 1969, April or May. It was through the Mattachine. There was a decision, first, that we had to make about whether we'd go with Mattachine, would become a Mattachine, or we'd become an independent organization. I argued for independent organization and I think that most of us were in favor of that, rather than sending our money away. A little money, it was. It would have cost us twenty-five dollars a year, I think, something like that. But was twenty-five dollars is twenty-five dollars back in that day. It was different. That was a sum of money that you didn't automatically have when you were young. So, we went to stay, but what happened with Le-Hi-Ho was it was formed, therefore, as a social educational organization, okay? And this was what early organizations were. And you talk about homophile organizations? Homophiles stayed in the closet. If you remember Mattachine, they had this structure -- was such that they had -- the leadership was supposed to be out and leading the organization to be there for the public presence, okay? And they could do all the public things and everybody else could remain in the closet and be spoken for. That did not preclude them being activist people but the Mattachine grew to about four-hundred people, which was, at that time, was quite enormous. Now, they had done that, of course, by maintaining all the names, never letting anybody go. We did the same thing with Le-Hi-Ho and with other organizations later on. We just kept them on the books for ourselves. Kept saying the newsletter's -- so, we claimed them as members, even if they were no longer active, which very typical that they weren't. Okay, but being social, educational was what Le-Hi-Ho did, okay? They had a social hour after every meeting. I think I talked about, well, I talked about it before we started. There were about thirty people, would go to a meeting. A number of them would be the activists who took the meeting. And then, they would follow it with a social hour, assigned coffee, assigned refreshments and coffee, and every month. And it was very, very popular. That was what people went for, they really -- that social hour was well attended and very important, I think, again because it was, at that time, probably the social alternative to the bars. There were virtually no others, and certainly none of that ilk, in which you can get to know people without [the bedding, coming off?], without that being the focus of conversation. You would talk about all kinds of other things. You would talk more as a normal conversation. I think it was a very important aspect and a very important difference that went down that made that such an important organization. And it waxed and waned. There were sometimes -- were fewer people, more people. At the beginning, would all connect the business together. Well, that was a three-hour meeting if they had to do that kind of thing. And then, we also learned that that was just not successful. That was not what people went for. So, we learned to -- they built a board, ultimately, that took care of the business. And there was a -- Ron made himself the -- I forget what it was called but the Mattachine, New York and there's actually the same executive. And I don't remember -- executive something or other. Thank you. Okay, so Ron was the executive, meaning that he was responsible for the organization. Once led a fight one time to get the key for the mailbox. Now, the reason I did it was I felt that there were things going to the mailbox that I wanted to know about. I was the newsletter editor and I was really wanting to know about other activities across the horizon, which we didn't -- which I was not informed of but Ron was because, at that time especially, when there are other organizations, you sent your newsletter out to everybody else and the other organizations to keep them reminded, as -- that you were both in existence, what you did. So, but Ron said, "Look, I'm --" faced down the board and said, "I'm going to keep the key. I'm going to be here. I'm going to be head of this organization and I will be here tomorrow and when you guys are all gone, I'll be here." He was almost right. Almost right. He left about '87, I think, somewhere in the late eighties, I'm thinking, like -- and I don't know what that story was. By that time, I was gone myself. To finish that story, okay, back with Ron. And so, he led the organization, did most of the business and conducted most of the meetings. We did get a president. We named ourselves Le-Hi-Ho ultimately. Was a while there -- we wrote some bylaws. Bylaws was -- piece of shit. Never do it. It just takes -- big waste of time because you never -- you don't pay -- little attention to the bylaws after they're written. And they can take up a great deal of time. But finally, they give us a name, which came out to be Le-Hi-Homophile Organization and we shortened that to Le-Hi-Ho. And I remember who did it. That's neither here nor there. There was a person involved with the organization who was a rare book seller. Interesting man. He served that and he was a person who did not like conflict at all, so he didn't even like the meetings. He felt the conflict was too strong for him. Was a very gentle man. Very gentle person. But he came up with the name, ultimately. Good friend and a good person. Older. Again, older than myself, even at that point. Le-Hi-Ho was distinguished by being a little bit older. Generally, the membership would be in their twenties to thirties. And that's a little unusual for gay organizations of any ilk, to not be much younger and much more college age or whatever. These were young men who were starting their careers, typically. And again, that's who came. And sometimes from a distance. We had people coming from Wilkes-Barre, people coming from that area, and around, around, around. There were a few interesting people that might have belonged at one point or another. There was a fellow name of Paul. What was the last name? Oo, can I -- forgive myself. (inaudible), he was a -- Phil Andros, which if you know Phil Andros was a pornographic writer. But he was, yeah, that's what it was. And he -- but by then, he'd been retired from that. He was no longer writing the books but he was (inaudible) with his lover and was one of the interesting characters we once knew at Le-Hi-Ho that were associated with -- and he died, I think, not very long after that, I believe of AIDS, but I'm not sure of that. There were no other famous people, particularly, that I can think of. And Phil was very modest. Paul was very modest. Told us that but he never claimed -- and I was probably -- I was one of the few who would recognize him from pornography. I used to go to New York City and pick up the stuff in Times Square. So, of course, yes, I knew what Paul -- Phil Andros. That was exciting and he was a major author. When I came out in Pennsylvania, I had been to college in Pennsylvania. I had been to college in Bethlehem. And I went thereforth to college, universities -- one university, Lehigh. And then, there are four colleges, I believe: Moravian, Muhlenberg, Lafayette, and -- three cities. And there was also a Catholic school, St. Catherine, St. Catherine, Saint Frances de Sales. And there was even, actually -- there was a Baptist school that nobody knows about -- was in existence. Not quite unknown but it was a college, probably a junior college, but I never knew which one. I used to know its location and I used to observe it. My point was that I went to the colleges, I went to the universities, and I went to the libraries, particularly, that I could find, okay? And I was not much, I was not a great, I was not at that point much of a scholar. But I could not find in any of those libraries anything in the card catalog under homosexuality. There was zero works, okay? And what I could find one time was a book I -- it's written by a psychiatrist, I believe, in association with, well, very famous Midwest -- doesn't matter now. At any rate, there was one blurb about homosexuality, short paragraph thing. Two paragraphs, perhaps. And there was a book in Le-Hi-Ho by Derek, Philip Derek? What was his name? He was one of the very few novelists at that time who was actually publishing books that were gay specific. His last name was Derek and now I can't remember his first name, most regrettably. There was supposedly a copy of that in Lehigh University. It was not on the shelves, I can tell you that. And that was typical. That's what I found is there was very, very little, and not in. I was actually, with a very good book shop because I'd been a student and liked the Moravian Bookshop a great deal. It was a wonderful resource. They thought I was a student. I had been there so often, been there for years. I don't know how they thought I was a student after I was there fifteen years I was associated with them. But they were -- I knew people there and they were my sources. And so, I got a lot of books. I developed a nice library for myself, about one-hundred and fifty books by the time Le-Hi-Ho opened up. And there were not very many books at that time. You have to remember that Psychopathia Homosexualis was still in existence, okay? Now, 1874, it was written. This was a textbook for gay people! Come on! I mean, this is bad stuff. And it was all case histories, that sort of thing, and very -- people like Berger -- Bieber were writing at that time. I don't know if you've ever read Bieber. Irving Bieber was, oh, he was -- terrible man. Wrote a book in 1952. I got a copy of it, was, like, the thirteenth edition. That's how bad it was. I mean, it was all that was available and it was -- he was the one who said, you know, he equated us with -- homosexuals are criminals, teachers were criminals, they all have the same personality. They're all psychopaths. It's all psychopaths. Well, that taught me, that's -- I wasn't. I mean, that was my beginning of my liberation, was knowing who I was not. I was not that person. Nobody I knew was that person. Nobody I knew was of that ilk. But he was just devastating and everything he had to say was very, very negative and he had all his cases and all this stuff and illustrations. But it was a paperback book and the thirteenth edition. And that's just sick when you think about it. Still makes me sick when I think about it because that was really -- that and Berger, Edmund Berger or was it Edmund Berger? [I think Renee?] -- was all I could find. And these were the books that were coming out then. These were the authorities -- were trying to find out why am I homosexual? Was a big question. Screw the question, you know? I learned quickly to forget that, that just that was irrelevant. I am. But it was -- intellectual journey through that. And then, I got, like, The Homosexual in America. Loved Donald Cory. I was just grossly a fan of this man who would -- in '50, I think, perhaps, in the time of the McCarthy era, wrote this book called Homosexual in America, which was probably the first apologist for homosexual -- and he himself was a married man. He was a member of Mattachine. And I wrote to Mattachine a fan letter, as a matter of fact, and said, "I really appreciate the fact that you've done this. This is extraordinary and what a brave and courageous and wonderful" -- they wrote back and said, "He's out of the organization. We kicked him out." (laughs) So, the story about him is, and I find this out later, he was a sociologist who wanted to use the organization for research and to make himself a famous researcher, to [promote?] himself. And Lehigh -- and they turned him down on it. They would not support that. And he tried to become leader of the organization, tried to become the executive director, and that's when they threw him out. His name was -- I want to know, 'cause this is important. He still wrote that -- hate senior moments like this. I'll think of it and I will add that back. But he believed that men were afraid of women, is why they became homosexual. And this was [Ralph Ellard Ellis?] if you remember the name, was a psychiatrist which was -- this was his whole thing. And he said that that was his -- it was his thesis, that people are homosexual because they're afraid of women. He spoke at Le-Hi-Ho one time, which was not a time I was -- by that time, I had acquired a lover and was not directly involved with Le-Hi-Ho, or not very much, so I didn't know he was there. And I was quite surprised because -- but he came and spoke to the organization. Matter of fact, it's in the newsletters. I was actually quite shocked because I wouldn't have had him. He was really -- and he had a major following. But he also wasn't as tough on it. He wasn't just condemning homosexuals as Bieber and Berger and the other people had been. So, I had a library. I did a lot, well, as much research as I could. I find out about Evelyn Hooker, obviously, Ford and Beach, who was the sociologist who made it clear -- the cross-cultural studies and cross species studies. John Money, his sexual studies. And began to learn that there was a whole modern view emerging. Now, I think that that's very important, intellectually, okay? The intellectual beginnings of this were interesting because there were very few authors prior to this who were doing anything on sex at all, okay? And especially when they were across studies or other cultures. For instance, Richard Burton, a very, very famous author, very famous traveler in the East who had written a lot of cross-cultural studies and a lot of cross-cultural things about the -- and that whole Eastern culture. You can think of -- who? Carpenter, John Carpenter. And it was John Carpenter in England, did that -- wonderful books. André Gide wrote a book called Corydon. Was very famous homosexual. He also happened to be a pedophile, regrettably. Went to Algiers. But he wrote about it. One of the books that I found for the library was his diaries, his journals. Journals they were called in that day and he'd written about -- they were continued in four volumes. And I had the slightly abbreviated paperback edition but it was good enough and certainly told me a lot about -- and he was world famous at that point and he was an authority -- if you remember, Leo Tolstoy, after War and Peace and Anna Karenina, became such a famous author and became the voice of peace and this world known, world renowned moralist. And that's the role that Gide filled. He became in -- writing a book called The Immoralist, among other things. He became that kind of authority figure and was very much highly regarded despite being gay. Corydon was published and when he published it, he only did twelve copies, so that never did get out until after he was dead. Then [there were -- the number?] (inaudible) published. I happen to have, was fortunate enough to find a copy of it. His thesis talked about a male's beauty and how beautiful males were and they were dominant. And you find beautiful birds, okay? Cardinals, for instance, the cardinal family, the male is the red cardinal. The females are the brown cardinals. The females also lead. They go first, then the male follows when it's safe. But they also were in, (clears throat) I'm sorry, in nature, were very often the more beautiful of the species, the more resplendent of the species to get -- and they were the ones that the females were attracted to. Remember that they, you know, that they did perform the dances or whatever. They had the plumage, the right plumage and the right light and look to be -- [set their genes?], partly because of the (inaudible) and he -- so that's what he emphasized. Interesting thesis. Also, interesting to me, when you talk about early homosexuality, and this was back in -- the term was (inaudible) until eighteen-something, seventeen-something, eighteen, I think. At any rate, [it was?] not a term. And before that, they were called inverts, intermediates, third sex. All-important concepts. And they used to talk about the important contribution that these particular people made, okay, that they could make the society that I've always kind of believed in. I've always thought that homosexuals had a special mission, had a special something, that we understood differently than the dominant culture did, the dominant heterosexual culture did. We weren't as marriage-oriented, for instance. We were freer in our associations and -- but I think now, as we've gone on, I think that what we were looking for is what is now emerging, which is that wonderful fluidity, that you could be anything, okay? That you could be male, female, without limits, without labels, without anything to identify with, that -- and yet, that fluidity, this makes you go all over so that you are all of those things, happily. I was not. I was a male homosexual and I, at my point, when I came out, was binary choice, okay? You were gay or you were straight. I chose gay, absolutely. I wanted to be that and I also emphasized my maleness, as opposed to anything, and really was not happy with the social sets in which the guys would call each other Mary. That made me uncomfortable because I thought that's kind of denial of who we are. And it so often was biting and so often was a putdown or an insult and sarcasm, that sarcasm that I talked about, was so much part of the humor. And that was a part of the humor, too. You had parties, drag shows, and what you did, okay, you -- everybody -- where you went into drag. I never did again. And it just wasn't me. But I think, too, that I really feel that I should have had -- I already knew growing up, when I was asking myself these questions, that there's a large part, a large component of me is feminine as other people would understand it. Not a sports person. A person who liked more concerts, liked music, who liked more things that might be softer and less hard and less harsh. And my brothers were athletic, I always thought. And I felt that difference. So, I kind of still -- I wish I had developed that more and been more open to developing it, that I would be a different person. And now I don't understand, it's very difficult for me to understand young homosexuals because they are so fluid and they are so -- can make that change and identify with it in a way we couldn't. To me, bisexuality was almost an excuse. But again, it never was. There are true bisexuals. I have learned that over the years, too, and accept that. But now, there's something more than that. There's this wonderful fluidity of being whatever you want to be and expressing it all. And I think, especially, Adrian does a terrific job and the Lehigh Valley is doing a terrific job of emphasizing that particular aspect of things. I look at the programs and what I get are everything is very much oriented to the trans community, a lot of it is. You're doing a lot of trans (inaudible) so many of the programs emphasize that as opposed to, okay, a more strictly male homosexuality. Come back to Le-Hi-Ho again for one second. This was a very male organization. There were no women, okay? There was one woman who was directly involved in Le-Hi-Ho in the first 10 years. Her name was [Lou Augustine?]. Lou Augustine became a member of the governor of Pennsylvania, the Governor's Council on Sexual Minorities. She was appointed to that. She lived in Reading. And she [come up to?] groups. She came up to Le-Hi-Ho periodically through all those years. And she was almost the only one who did. And I used to fight Le-Hi-Ho because after -- and in those first ten years, I began to change. There were so many feminists, and met Dixie and so on, so I was really trying to get them to understand that they don't have women, that they need to look at this because -- for many, many reasons. I thought that, for instance, now was our model -- except that the feminist movement was so broad. And that's for many issues, from childcare to pay, to just everything was so different for them. And men didn't pay attention. They did not support that. They didn't support the abortion rights, which they wouldn't do -- they wouldn't come out and say, Le-Hi-Ho -- and I tried to get them to do this. Would not adopt a resolution in favor of abortion or anything else, anything to do with feminism. They just simply wouldn't do it. And I wasn't disappointed and I understood because -- but they were a conservative organization. Again, they were founded two months before the Stonewall, it made them very different. They were social, educational, homophile. No organizations after the Stonewall or after -- yes, after Stonewall, I went to a conference in October of that year, '69. It was last meeting of ECHO, East Coast Homophile Organizations. There were several organizations involved. Le-Hi-Ho was new but so were a whole lot of other things, like HI, Homophiles of -- where? I don't remember. There was a group in -- [Robert Biddings?] was in charge of a group in Philadelphia. Mark Segal had just founded Gay, I think -- the GAA, yes, thank you. And so, I think there were quite a number of organizations. I recall there were thirteen organizations, almost all of them new. Now, the question, of course, with the old guard was shall we seat these people? Can we believe them? You know, they're new, they're young, they're radical about -- and they were, for instance, Foster Gunnison was himself an organization. Foster Gunnison, his whole job and his whole organization was, himself, keeping all the archives of all the earlier groups. And so, he built up a tremendous library and a very important library in New England of all those early newsletters and whatever was new and all the records of those groups. He tried to maintain some semblance of it. But that was (inaudible) okay. Mattachine New York was Dick Leitsch, who I went to see one time. When I came out, I went to New York. I had been to see a program, I think, in '63 that talked about Mattachine and showed the door of the organization, which was somewhere in the Village at that point, as I recall, a glass door. I'll never forget that. And so, really, that was one of the first things with them, when I came out, and I couldn't go to school the next day. I went to the library and I looked up Mattachine. MF:Do you want to stop? JB:It was important to me. And I went there, went to see him in New York. Went to the Mattachine office and walked in and just introduced myself. I was so happy. Went to Philadelphia. At that time, Janus Society was in existence and one called the Homosexual Law Reform Society. Both happened to be the same address in what turned out to be Polak -- why can't I remember their first names? I can remember his last name but I can't remember his first name -- published the Janus Society newsletter called Drum. And he also ran a pornography shop -- is what he did. I think was easier as a business or whatever. When I went to the address, went upstairs to the second floor, met the secretary. He was not in. Dammit, his name just crossed my name again. I mean, he was not there but clearly there was pornography all over. You know, the shelves in back were -- and that was what he did was supply -- pornography supplier. I don't know if that was his main job. He was well known and he did -- Drum was unusual, a little bit pornographic in terms of the newsletter. And I had a copy for years and didn't realize that I -- and I probably turned it into the projects here at the Dickinson when I realized that it was, in fact, the newsletter of the organization. But it had pictures of -- posed pictures back in that day. It's what you did, the posing straps and that sort of thing were de rigueur. You do nothing naked. That wouldn't have been possible but as much naked -- as close you could get. Clark Polak, I believe. Clark Polak, I believe, was his name. Joined their West Coast organization. I would join ONE to me was (inaudible) which was -- I think one in San Francisco, one in Los Angeles. ONE was an educational organization, did meetings, did presentations constantly to the public. Le-Hi-Ho was distinguished for that. They had a wonderful speakers' bureau. I was not a member of it. I wasn't Ron's favorite person but [as their?] -- was really very much in charge of that. Did a wonderful job. Presentations all over the Valley, very, very active, and through all the schools, the high schools, the colleges. Was a very main function, as well as the social organization, which we talked about. They also were very supportive about other things but they didn't -- they were not supportive about women. They wouldn't do the women's rights. They weren't really big on women's rights, although ERA was becoming stronger and stronger through now and now is very, very powerful organization in Pennsylvania. And Ellie Smeal was president, national president, and come from here. Gloria -- not Steinem but Gloria -- what was her name? Sackman-Reed. Gloria Sackman-Reed was the president then, followed by Dixie after that. And Dixie held conference in Philadelphia. And, I'm sorry, in Allentown. And then, she became president that year, [but did?] the conference -- she was self-nominated or nominated (inaudible) president -- Pennsylvania NOW. And that was '87, I believe, '86, '87, because in '87, we're supposed to have a conference in '86, in '87, early '87. We never did. And I'll tell you, that's another story and a later administration. But stay with Le-Hi-Ho for the moment. So, Le-Hi-Ho was very definitely male, strongly male. And I think that later, they did change but it was not until after I had left. I left in '83 to go to Chicago to live with my lover. And lived with him for ten years there, then another ten years in Houston. And then, we got divorced. His choice. I came back here to live with my sister in two-thousand. Had been together, been with Doug for eighteen years at the time he wanted the divorce. We stayed together for another year and a half just in order to sell the house, prepare the house, and so on, for sale. And I wanted to celebrate the coming of the new century with him, the millennial -- I wanted to do that. And really, it was a little bit of an anti-climax in the end. Not sorry that I did it, though. He was a good man and I was very much in love at that point but it just didn't work out. And they were my feelings, not his. Okay, Le-Hi-Ho. MF:May I ask -- JB:And what else can I say about that I could, yeah, (inaudible) MF:Well, I'm curious about your role as the newsletter organizer for Le-Hi-Ho. JB:Okay. MF:So, my questions are, you know, what in particular did you want to publish in the newsletter? Did you publish on politics or was it -- JB:Okay. MF:-- more social? JB:I did -- it was politics. I was [strong?] informational and, a matter of fact, got into trouble for it. I was writing as much -- I was doing all this scholarship on the side. And so, I was making what I called reviews of these books. They weren't reviews of these books. They were really giving you -- since you aren't going to read the book, this is what the book said. And these are important ideas, okay? This man is representing, for instance -- the writer, one from a man by the name of Wainwright Churchill -- wrote a book on -- and it's one that's gotten lost that I very -- don't understand why it did -- on the pro-gay cultures in the past. And so, he emphasized Greece as homo-positive, positive as opposed to negative, and the Roman culture as being more positive than negative and other cultures being more positive than negative. And he talked about them quite specifically, in quite a great, celebrated depth. And so, I would write that in the newspaper, wanting you to know that this saves you. This is saving your ass, okay? Very, very important piece of writing, this thing is. And so, I did it that way. Barbara Gittings wrote a letter and said, you know, "That's not a review." And Ron Seed wrote a letter and said, "You aren't earning views?. You're fired." So, I was fired. And that was about a year and a half later, year and a half or two. There was a person who -- the gentleman who started the newsletter was a guy who owned -- the real bookseller was throwing an advertisement, I think, after the first reading. So, I say, "We're going to have a second meeting." So, he wrote a newsletter for it. Well, that was the beginning of the newsletter and I took over the next one as being the newsletter editor because I wanted to do that. I thought it was a good fit for me. And I did things my own way. There was a little bit of humor that I wrote. I'm not funny. Believe me, it was a terrible piece. It was a lousy idea. And it really was a kind of a bit of a campy persona, which I am not and couldn't really play well. But that was that. And so, my emphasis was trying to be on educational -- and telling them about what was going on, okay? And I think that at some -- what I thought was positive about newsletters that I liked was that, okay? And other newsletters were done -- for instance, there was -- when Gays United of Lancaster's college, U.L., was founded, they formed -- they did a newsletter that became the Pennsylvania -- not rural but what do they call it? Damn. I'll have to think of that again later, too, because it was an important contribution. It was to, like, by the Boston Gay News. Talks about all the other organizations. Talked about what was going on, what was important, what were the leading causes, what -- and so, politically, if you were an activist, that's what you read because it really gave it to you in a way that The Advocate was not doing and it was much more social, much broader, and a lot more advertising in terms -- and a lot of beautiful boys, that sort of thing. And kind of light on good material. Now, it had not always been that way. I remember The Advocate, [firstly?] when it started, and reading it -- I was subscribing at that point -- like, I was a member of those organizations remotely because I couldn't -- that was my way of participating. All I could do what there was to join and pay attention. And one was giving me good information, Advocate was giving good information. And much as I could participate, they were. So, I thought that was a very, very important part of it. I found -- I just donated, I think I've said that, all those books for the library of Le-Hi-Ho, to start the library at Le-Hi-Ho. Mattachine donated their extra books, okay? And if you went to Mattachine, the forepart of -- you walked in, there were stacks of books there. Not very many. It wasn't -- maybe four or five depths but that was the largest collection that I ever saw and knew of. And my one-hundred fifty books, I thought, was quite extraordinary for the time because there were so few still being written. You know, openly -- books that were not people who -- there were some English books. They were hard to find and I tried to find everything I could find. I mean, I would go to books on the margin, okay, that were being dumped onto the market because they weren't any good, going to a special seller. And you'd go there and find books by English authors about -- writing about people who were gay. Was wonderful to me (inaudible) and plays. Very little of that. Le-Hi-Ho often went to plays in New York. Went to see Puppy Dog Tails, went to see -- what was the, shit, Boys in the Band, was, of course, new then. The Homoerotic Opera. Thomas Mann, A Night in Venice? Is that -- I think it was called? Went to see that. And so, they went often. But that was the beginning. They were Off-Broadway. Very little mainstream stuff. We did show, incidentally -- one of the first mainstream movies was, damn, sorry, why can't I think of the name of it? We had a meeting and we're meeting at that point at the Unitarian Church in Bethlehem, which is up in Fountain Hill, way up in the hill. Yeah, that was -- went there. They were good friends of ours. And so, it was early when we were looking for a place to meet and they did, I think, about three or four or five months into the organization. And it was all those years until we left, which would have been -- I think '83, I think is when the center started that Le-Hi-Ho moved out of there and met at the center -- MF:The Lam-- JB:-- was also there. They have their meetings at the center, as well. MF:The Lambda Center. JB:And stopped going to the church. MF:Okay. JB:Okay? As far as I know. MF:Can I ask, before you moved to the Lambda Center, what was it like for Le-Hi-Ho and just to be out in Bethlehem as a city. Like, what was it like at Bethlehem Steel -- JB:I didn't have -- MF:-- to be out? JB:-- any problem with it. I wasn't extraordinarily social. I mean, I kept with some gay people. Remember, at that time, you had -- Friday night was your gay -- okay, Friday, Saturdays was your gay time. And so, that was, it was kind of what you did, okay? You'd live the much more limited life Monday through Friday. Weekends, then you went somewhere to be gay, maybe in town, maybe elsewhere. I went to a lot of gay bars elsewhere just to see what they were. And because (inaudible) and I wanted to know about them and I put that in the newsletters, too. It was a lot of that sort of thing -- you know?] gay guides were very important. Also, talking about the electoral development, I think that we don't realize how much Sexology magazine had to do with publishing the early arguments about gays -- were done in that particular medium before they were done elsewhere and before there were more academic studies by Money and Hooker and so on and Ford and Beach, before those books came out, they were largely arguing in Sexology over the fact that homosexuals -- how they were acceptable and a natural part of sexuality. MF:And that's a magazine? JB:That would be important. Sorry? MF:Was that a magazine or you just -- JB:Yes. MF:-- mean the discipline? JB:Short magazine. Small one. MF:Oh, really? JB:It was almost a 'zine size. And it was pretty informal. It certainly was not a rigorous journal by any means. Ladder was the first lesbian journal, ONE, for -- a publication called ONE, which was probably the first serious journal of any sort. Christopher Street came out, ultimately. That was a literary magazine, the first one. The New York -- Craig Rodwell opened Oscar Wilde Bookshop in the Village. I went to see that. That was interesting. I went, that was right after Stonewall. And Stonewall was very exciting for me. I knew about what had happened and within a month or so, I think I'd gotten to -- I think Craig opened this bookstore and I went to the bookstore. I'm now thirty years old and the kids in there -- and this is when kids -- if you were over thirty, you were not to be trusted anymore. You were over the hill. And so, the kids in there were looking at me very peculiarly and really making comments about Mattachine and how ill they were for being against -- not as out, okay, as we are. They aren't as free, they aren't doing this whole youth thing. And remember, when Stonewall happened, the first thing that happened was you got this wonderful GSG, Gay Liberation Front's organization. Very, very leftist. Very leftist. And, like, remember Harry Hay, founder of the Mattachine was a communist. These guys were leftists of that ilk. Not into communism, particularly, but very leftist in New York, well known. Lots of books, you know (inaudible) sort of book. They were quite exciting people when we met them at that -- yeah, met them in Philadelphia at the ECHO meeting. They were -- exciting group of people. But there were three or four organizations that -- I remember there were -- Columbia University, there was New York City University, there was just every kind of school you could imagine. The state university as opposed to the city university. And they represented -- they bloomed. Like, Philadelphia one or several and Gay Liberation Front's were much more oriented to being political in a broad sense. You were supporting the lettuce -- the Chavez and the agriculturists and the leftists all over the world, were -- your concern -- the Chicago Seven, the, you know, the twelve, the elevens or whatever. Their protests -- were the kind of things that you were supposed to be active in. That was not pleasing to a lot of the membership, so that they started GAA as opposed to that -- Gay Activist Alliance, which said, "We are gay, we're going to pay attention to gay causes and not pay attention to these other causes or not support them." And that was a big thing at that ECHO meeting. There was a huge fight. Frank Cannaday was the president of the organization, president of that particular meeting at that time. And he presided over the meeting and when there was this old guard and the new guard, the old guard and the new people, these new radicals coming in. It was a kind of battle, a very big battle about getting seated in the first place and then the battle was over what to do about the Day of Remembrance. You have the Day of Remembrance -- was held at the Statue of Liberty on the Fourth of July and that was Frank Cannaday's, that was his -- "here's the deal." The first organization (inaudible) in '64 and marched in Washington with the picket line. Famous picture of Barbara Gittings -- is very prominent in that set and -- but he was in charge of that particular meeting and had presided over this battle royale. And again, the issue that they were fighting about was, well, among other things -- I remember that there was somebody in that organization that was talking about Barbara Gittings as a baby killer, you know? So, at that time, they were not as unified on abortion as we got to be, by no means. There was a terrible battle over that and horrible things happened as a result of this terrible argument going on between the baby killers and the right to lifers. And the other thing that happened was coming out, okay? This is when the GFL in New York was -- very important for -- they went over and took a firehouse, took over, literally, just -- and at that time, you could -- walked in and just took over, literally. And they -- an abandoned firehouse. They took it over and it became quite a major organization. They were doing dances of about five-hundred people and they were (inaudible) super, super exciting. And so, they really lit up New York, completely, and in a way -- but also, as these GSAs were -- GFLs founded on all kinds of campuses everywhere. Every campus would have a GFL. There was a group in Kutztown, as a matter of fact. A young fellow that came to Le-Hi-Ho, Frederick Reed. And Fred Reed was -- became vice president of Le-Hi-Ho. And he was also president of (inaudible) about five members, I think, in Kutztown University at that time. He was a student. And then, sadly, he went to the University of Pittsburgh as a graduate student and died -- I don't know how he died. I don't know the circumstances. I've always been suspicious because he fell off a tower. And one of the towers in Pittsburgh was famous for having these -- their first dormitories were twin towers, okay? Dormitory towers. And he died -- jumping, you know, falling off of that. And who knows? Fred would have been out, he would have been -- outspoken person. Very forthright. He also went to the first Christopher Street Liberation Day Parade and I got in there and he and I and my lover and a woman went in the first parade together. Very happy circumstance. Barry says that there are pictures of me there. No, I knew that there were. I was pictured -- the week, next week, I'm pictured in The Advocate -- my sign is pictured in The Advocate. I'm sitting there -- but the picture's taken with my back to the camera, so no way -- you can see my bald spot. That's how I can -- recognize my lover and you can recognize Fred Reed, who was standing there with me. Was an amazing time. That's a different story, and inspiring, inspiring, inspiring moment, that first march but -- and so, (inaudible) for years and found out from Ron that he had died (inaudible) -- at the university. MF:May I ask -- there's this really interesting way that in the stories that you're telling, Le-Hi-Ho is moving all around the region. Members are going to Philadelphia, you're going to New York City, you're in contact with these major -- JB:I was. MF:-- organizations, yeah. JB:So, I was because I wanted to be, okay? And I wrote that. And, you know, I wrote about the Stonewall and the meeting and the conflict that was taking place between the old guard and the new guard, which is the homophile organizations and this new group that wants to be out and political and it wants to be very forward and right in your face, confronting. And I wasn't sure. I really had to take a stand, oh, and my stand was I prefer to be out. That was clear. And Ron did not at that time. I remember I put his name in the first newsletter and he protested. Now, he didn't stay that way. I mean, Ron became much more public over this period of time, of necessity. And certain lover certainly did because (inaudible) speaking and so on. But at that time, he was protesting it and that would have been -- that more typically Mattachine -- as I said, Mattachine was supposed to be the leadership was out and everybody else wasn't. The only person ever (inaudible) that was Frank Cannaday and he would insist on it. The stories were funny because Frank always tells it that I was the only person who was out. They said, "We never knew that." It wasn't us. We always thought we were out, we always thought we were doing things under our own name. And Frank said, "No, we all had nicknames." (laughs) Wasn't true. Was true in Mattachine in New York. And the very famous person at Mattachine New York outside of Dick Leitch was the executive director, was a lawyer by the name of -- was great. Austin Wade. That just has marble halls behind it. Austin was, in fact -- and he was -- his name was Arthur Kennedy and he was a professor at Princeton Law. And he was the legal counsel for Mattachine Society but known as Austin Wade and he was more known widely through that. And I was a great admirer of Austin Wade because he was the only -- he was the most powerful figure anybody knew and there were no lawyers, no doctors, nobody of any name or of any profession out at that point. So, what was her name? Was a Puerto Rican woman who was the secretary and she was as famous as anybody else because she was such a mother to everybody and a wonderful person. I've forgotten her name now, unfortunately. But Austin Wade was one of those people -- was a big figure in my mind. And, as I said, I find out later what his name was and he was a member of the Pennsylvania Council on Sexual Minorities, from New Jersey. But he was an invited member of the organization. Very distinguished man. Now, you ask me, why did I do that? MF:Yeah. JB:I just did it and the Le-Hi-Ho, two things happened. There was an organization that started in '75. This is five, this is six years later, in Reading, okay? Came to Le-Hi-Ho and said, "We're starting, need your advice." I went down and stayed with them, literally, for a long time. That organization that we started was called -- at that time, there was movement to start this Pennsylvania Council on Sexual Minorities. There was a group that met in Harrisburg, conceiving this idea, making it up with Governor Shapp's approval. Governor Shapp was a wonderful, wonderful leader and a man of -- that's a whole chapter in itself. It's a very interesting story. As a part of that, well, they did a conference in Harrisburg to introduce the idea of the council and to generate with them on the community enthusiasm for it. And it got some people to -- members of the council. And that happened in '75. In '74, December '74, the Reading group was founded, on Christmas -- New Year's Day, matter of fact, of '75. I think that's correct. But they came to us and I went down and that's how I became involved. But through that conference, they started a group called the Caucus -- in order to get more representatives from Philadelphia and Pittsburgh to equalize -- Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and then the rest of the state, okay, so that there were three bodies. Philadelphia has seven, Pittsburgh had five, I think, and we had three. Well, that was not enough for the rest of the state combined. So, we caucused to get more people and call ourselves (inaudible) Gay Caucus. This was interagency organization. So, we then founded -- we met the organization of Gays United of Lancaster, Reading was just beginning. Le-Hi-Ho was a major member and I went and represented Le-Hi-Ho at this new group called the Caucus and it became a separate organization, a state organization, worked for state causes, worked on the state level, wanted to be an interagency kind of thing. So, I was the liaison for that. And Le-Hi-Ho chose not to be involved. I could do the involvement but they were not directly involved. No, they did play a major part later on, a very important part, but they chose not to be active in it, okay, I'm just pointing it out. MF:Why not? JB:It's because they were a different organization. They were not politically oriented as such. Now, they didn't ignore it but they weren't about to invest in it, okay? Like, they wouldn't invest in women. They just wouldn't do it. That wasn't their thing. Was okay. I mean, I got along with them but I didn't feel that it would've been better had they done one of the things that -- Reading was very much oriented, was very open, about half and half. Was half men and half women. Five, six men, five or six women. Every meeting, okay? The Caucus had co-chairs in everything we did. We have co-chairs of the Caucus got there every meeting, every committee we had, push at everything because we wanted to be equal. Equality was very, very important to us and equality with men and women was very, very important. And then, again, the ERA was a major issue at that point, so -- Reading was famous that way, Lancaster was very much that way. Very much oriented to having as many women represented -- but female representation they could get and had generated. And most organizations were. Le-Hi-Ho was the exception, had always been the exception. Again, it was an older organization. They had it as a different substantiality. They were okay without -- didn't need to be something different. Very happy with what they were and did a wonderful job, I thought. I mean, they were so important in terms of the people's lives that were there, okay? And I always say that people come with agenda, okay? They come to your organization with an agenda, something that they need. And mostly, it's just to be known, just to tell you that I'm gay and be accepted. And that's the importance of the organization. If you could shine a love on somebody, that's liberation. That is, in fact, liberation. That's what it's all about, is just that little bit of love and they just bloom. They become these wonderful flowers. And it happened to me, it happens every -- to all those people. And, like, an organization -- let's take Homophiles of Williamsport. Three years they exist as two hundred people and six different counties came to that organization. The important thing was that they had a group talk afterwards, okay, that people came to be able to say -- express their concerns, have their questions, get their information, got their agenda taken care of. That was the important part of the group and outside of that, it probably didn't make a -- it did. It made some wonderful -- some contributions. And it tried to be political but it wasn't so much -- its real satisfaction, it was the same as Le-Hi-Ho. It was a homophile organization. It was founded as homophile organization they said. So, social education was what they thought they thought they were doing but they did much more than that. But there were younger members much more oriented to being out and active in a way that Le-Hi-Ho just wasn't. You could belong -- a very satisfactory life with Le-Hi-Ho, be an active member in Le-Hi-Ho. There were wonderful people involved with that, a whole board full of people and that -- oh, they, just -- Bob Steelman, Helmuth Baerwald, oh, [Ron?] and our first president was Al Ravert. Second was -- oh, the person from Wilkes-Barre. Came to the meeting, said -- again, Le-Hi-Ho had that kind of draw, okay? People would come from distance to be there because it was a working organization. Staying in existence gives you a good reputation, just -- people know when you're going to meet and you're going to meet next week or next month, too. Made a big difference. And so, a lot of people came from elsewhere to be at Le-Hi-Ho. Was true everywhere. All those organizations, -- homophile, as I said, there's homophile -- in that little group (inaudible) knew that they had two-hundred members and they had the membership list. I don't have the membership list. That wasn't my thing. That was Ron's thing. He was the one who was keeping track of all the members and who was involved and who wasn't and where they were from. Garth Watkins was the second president. MF:Well, we're about at an hour-and-a-half and that's when we like to stop. And so, maybe, can I ask one more question and then we'll -- JB:Sure. MF:So, I just want to ask that -- you know, for you, personally, what kind of impact do you think Le-Hi-Ho had on Bethlehem, on the Lehigh Valley, and just on the region, more broadly? JB:Okay, ask me again. MF:What kind of impact did Le-Hi-Ho have on Bethlehem, on the Lehigh Valley? JB:Okay, I -- MF:What's its legacy? JB:-- said that the educational thing was very important. Okay, you're reaching out to high school students, to college students, giving them good information on a regular basis. They were (inaudible) back to class after they started, then they would be invited back again the next year. That was a very, very important function. They were out to the degree that they advertised constantly in the newspaper. They were open to everybody that would come. There was one time -- there was a meeting in which they -- a person appeared with a fifteen-year-old. Scared the hell out of that meeting. You got very, really scared men who were suddenly sitting with a fifteen-year-old person, realizing that this guy can get us all in big, big, big doo-doo. The next meeting, they voted out, they voted the person who brought him out. You cannot be a member anymore and we will not support NAMBLA, okay? Not support the North American Boy Association , which is -- I supported -- I thought that that is dangerous to all of us. And, as an activist, I always limited myself to not being in the presence of young men, okay? Younger men that I knew weren't of any -- of a certain age or even they looked like they were a certain age because I was not going to risk what I would've risked. And my reputation was everybody's reputation. I was the leader. I would have been known -- if I had been arrested, it would have been bad news and I didn't want that. So, that -- one thing that happened, that they -- was another organization -- they were just conservative. There was an underground newspaper at that time. They would not support the underground newspaper but [Sweich that had?] the underground newspaper supported them quite openly in their publication. They wouldn't support them. Now, Dixie White spoke among other people. I was program chair for a while and so I invited a lot of people that I wanted them to know, to make this networking business. So, she knew what else is around and I invited a lot of women and, again, tried to make them more comfortable. And this organization did not work for me, okay? I was gone in '83, when I went, and by then, there'd only been one other woman who had ever really showed any interest and she was a radical and secretly not very interested in them. She was -- always thought they were not -- she was far more radical than that -- member of the women's commission, as well as the lesbian -- Governor's Council on Sexual Minorities. Professor out of Shippensburg. And [Mary Anne Caroll?] was my co-chair in the Caucus. We were Caucus co-chairs together and she became president of NOW, later on, after the ERA had -- after '83. I think '84 is when she became president. And the ERA, closest possibility in '83, as I recall. They had to have it ratified by then and there was no chance. I forget -- well, I lost my train of thought. Okay, but then, you asked was it very -- powerfully important to the Lehigh Valley because it was that represent-- it was that presence and really did a lot of things in support of that. MF:I want to say, on behalf of Carol and myself, we have been so delighted to talk with you today. Thank you so much! JB:My pleasure. MF:And maybe you'll give us -- opportunity to talk with you again sometime in the future. JB:I'll tell you what: there's another organization that founded in '87. We founded in Allentown with the Allentown -- so, we call ourselves Citizens (inaudible) for Better Community. The reason we did that, there was -- it was a professor at Lehigh, professor at Muhlenberg, Frank -- I'll think of his name after awhile. It's not important or anything but -- who, as soon as we announced that we were going to try for gay rights in Allentown -- organizing organization called Citizens -- COD, Citizens for Decency, something like that. COD, I don't remember how that worked. And he and I and -- so, I called, I wanted us to be the matching -- we found that since we knew he was -- founded -- and we founded right away. Is that right? I think we founded right away, when -- as soon as we knew about him. And then, we, he and I, were kind of competing. Got in the newsletter a lot and there was probably a monthly magazine published (inaudible) that was a different time, as well. And, again, it's Lehigh Valley. And it was unsuccessful. Ultimately, what happened with them, we went for two years. We became -- found the organization, ultimately we started the Gay Line, and I had a lot to do with that. [And mostly?] happened -- is in my apartment, as a matter of fact. I was the -- people came to my apartment and answered the -- and worked the telephone there. Started in '80. MF:Okay. JB:And that was '78 to '80. So, we stayed open till then, to found Le-Hi-Ho -- or to found Gay Line. And there were events involved. A good time. We had a lot of fun playing with that whole idea. And we knew we weren't going to be successful. And that was pretty much against -- and it was unfair because they simply claimed that homosexuality was on the books, was still illegal, and therefore you couldn't have rights and they couldn't go further than the state permitted, which the state organization -- didn't recognize gay rights. So, they wouldn't either. END OF AUDIO FILE Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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01:29:35
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Joseph Burns (Part 1), October 12, 2019
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Joseph Burns talks about his experience of being a gay man in Bethlehem, PA in the 1970s and '80s, namely his involvement with Le-Hi-Ho (Lehigh Valley Homophile Movement).
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LGBT-07
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2019-10-12
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley
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This collection began in 2019 with the initial goal of collecting ten oral histories from older adult LGBT people in the Lehigh Valley. Topics explored include the childhood experiences of LGBT people, experiences within educational and religious institutions, coming out stories, understanding of the gay liberation movement (1960-1980s), experience of the early years of the AIDS epidemic and AIDS activism (1980s-present), and experience with the fight for marriage equality. The project has been a collaborative effort among faculty and librarians from Cedar Crest College, Lehigh University, Moravian College, Muhlenberg College, and members of the local community, under the direction of Dr. Mary Foltz, Associate Professor of English at Lehigh University and Co-Director of the South Side Initiative. <br /><br /><em> The project was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.</em>
Oral History
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Mary Foltz
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Joseph Burns
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https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/ohms-viewer/render.php?cachefile=LGBT-08.xml
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5.4 October 13, 2019 Joseph Burns (Part 2), October 13, 2019 LGBT-08 01:53:05 LVLGBT Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository This oral history recording was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Joseph Burns Mary Foltz video BurnsJoseph_20191013_Video 1.0:|25(8)|50(9)|69(11)|92(2)|109(9)|122(3)|139(2)|156(2)|177(8)|196(7)|217(3)|238(15)|259(5)|280(5)|299(2)|324(11)|343(13)|364(5)|387(6)|406(10)|427(12)|448(8)|465(19)|482(3)|511(5)|532(6)|555(11)|578(16)|603(11)|626(13)|651(10)|672(16)|693(16)|714(17)|733(14)|754(5)|777(6)|788(12)|809(5)|830(3)|849(12)|870(4)|887(9)|906(12)|929(3)|944(12)|965(11)|986(3)|1005(9)|1026(11)|1043(7)|1066(6)|1087(11)|1110(14)|1131(16)|1158(5)|1183(7)|1208(5)|1229(10)|1250(10)|1271(3)|1294(2)|1317(5)|1338(6)|1359(2)|1384(6)|1405(7)|1430(3)|1455(4)|1474(7)|1501(5)|1520(12)|1543(3)|1566(13)|1587(4)|1604(17)|1623(5)|1646(17)|1669(13)|1694(8)|1715(14)|1734(3)|1751(7)|1772(5)|1789(8)|1814(11)|1837(6)|1856(9)|1875(9)|1898(2)|1917(4)|1934(11)|1959(7)|1978(8)|1999(13)|2020(10)|2039(3)|2060(11)|2083(13)|2104(6)|2119(10)|2144(5)|2169(5)|2188(3)|2209(11)|2232(5)|2255(2)|2276(8)|2303(8)|2328(17)|2351(2)|2378(9)|2399(8)|2402(14) 0 https://youtu.be/zEkvYyfuth8 YouTube video 0 Interview Introduction MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz. I’m here with Joseph Burns to talk about his life and experiences in the Lehigh Valley. This is part of the LGBT community oral history project, which has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We’re in Joseph’s home in Boiling Springs today. It’s October 13th, 2019. Carol Moeller is our videographer. And Joseph, I just want to thank you once again for talking with us.
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 ; JOSEPH BURNS: Thank you. 0 32 Stories About Le-Hi-Ho MF: We’re so happy to be here, and we met with you yesterday, and we talked a lot about an organization called Le-Hi-Ho, which you had been really one of the earliest members of that organization, and we wanted to start our conversation today by asking, is there anything else that you wanted to tell us today about Le-Hi-Ho?
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 ; JB: Yes, probably. I was a founding member. I was the first to respond to Ron’s letter about forming the organization. Le-Hi-Ho 0 538 Founding Other LGBT Organizations JB: But they were not city -- Allentown was -- Le-Hi-Ho and the organization that we founded, which was called the Citizens’ Concern for a Better Community, CCBC -- did that because our friend Frank, a professor at Muhlenberg, created an organization as soon as he heard for it, Citizens Organized for Decency, COD. So I just needed a name to respond to that, so we came up with the Citizens Concern for a Better Community as the gay organization. 0 788 Demonstrations / Protests / Activism JB: Every week we would go and have some sort of demonstration. Sometimes there were no people around at all ; sometimes -- I think that person was -- noon-time, I believe, lots of people out looking at us, watching us do this publicity thing about coming out and opening the door on discrimination, never to close again, and so we got our free -- well, that wasn’t true. We had a parade at one point in connection with this, and I think there were twenty-seven people who actually marched that day, maybe a few more than that. Close enough. 0 4033 Relationship MF: Yeah, you met Ricky through Le-Hi-Ho, so how did you meet your second lover? How did that relationship begin?
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 ; JB: Well, I met him again at a New Year’s Eve party -- I think I -- I don’t remember. We might have had a drag party that night. We may have had a Le-Hi-Ho event, drag event on New Year’s Eve of 19-- going into 1970, and he insisted on taking me home, which was our first time together. And after that, we were -- I had him move down here by April, I think, after that. Moved away from his family. 0 5895 Elder Initiative MF: So we’re right at the end of our time, and so may I ask one more question before we end the interview? I’m wondering if you could talk a little bit about the Elder Initiative that you’ve been involved in.
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 ; JB: Okay, I work with a group. I had these papers that I didn’t know what to do with. I had all these papers from forty years ago, forty, then, forty something years ago, forty-three or forty-four, from 1969 on, relating to all the organizations in Pennsylvania that I knew about, that were in existence at that time. 0 MovingImage Joseph Burns shares stories of Le-Hi-Ho, LGBT activism, and personal relationships. MARY FOLTZ:My name is Mary Foltz. I'm here with Joseph Burns to talk about his life and experiences in the Lehigh Valley. This is part of the LGBT community oral history project, which has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We're in Joseph's home in Boiling Springs today. It's October 13th, 2019. Carol Moeller is our videographer. And Joseph, I just want to thank you once again for talking with us. JOSEPH BURNS:Thank you. MF:We're so happy to be here, and we met with you yesterday, and we talked a lot about an organization called Le-Hi-Ho, which you had been really one of the earliest members of that organization, and we wanted to start our conversation today by asking, is there anything else that you wanted to tell us today about Le-Hi-Ho? JB:Yes, probably. I was a founding member. I was the first to respond to Ron's letter about forming the organization. You know, of course, we didn't have a name, we didn't have any place. So we met with several other people ; one of the men was a nurse by the name of Al Ravert, who became the vice president, and Al had a friend with a cabin in the woods somewhere, I think up in Lehighton, I believe, which was appropriate. We weren't sure -- there had been an arrest not very long before that about the Mafia. A group in the Poconos that had -- Mafia leaders had come out from New York, and they went up and raided them and arrested all these people. So we were a little bit paranoid. I thought -- we thought, is that why we're going to the woods, to be out where we can't be arrested? And I don't know who else felt that way, but thirty-one people who came to that first organization, thirteen of us formed the organization, what was -- decided to meet again. And that's how Le-Hi-Ho started, and that was -- it was in April or May of 1969. Now, the two stories I want to tell you about Le-Hi-Ho, while I was thinking of them: one was the first time we met, probably, was Dick Leitsch, we invited Dick Leitsch, we formed in April or May, invited Dick for February, I -- January or February, I'm not sure which ; February, I believe -- to be our speaker. Well, they had that -- a public meeting, we had that at the church. The Presbyterian church in Allentown sponsored us for that particular day. And so we had the day, Dick came, we had -- the gay community was seven people, seven men from our organization. And we were talking about, the first meeting, we were going to blend in to the crowd, okay, we'll just be anonymous. Four ministers and nobody else. Four ministers and us. Now, we're going to hide, right. (laughter) We're going to look anonymous. That's just -- it's just wonderful, as a matter of fact, our first public appearance being publicly identified as gay was certainly -- there was no hiding. And they were as curious about us as we were about them. At the meeting, Dick Leitsch did an excellent job for us. The next story involves Barbara Gittings, who we had I think in June, I believe -- true, it was June -- as a speaker, and that was the (inaudible) meeting at which we had a young minister there who was vociferously -- he was going to preach that night about the evils of homosexuality, and all of us knew all about this, and we were invited to come and hear all about the evils of homosexuality. And quite forthright, and several of the ministers, who I think were a little more open to the idea of us being there than he was. At any rate, we decided we were going to go, we were going to go, okay, and so we had the first public demonstration against homosexuals in 1970, and it consisted of Barbara Giddings, Ron Seeds, myself, and my lover, Paul Forrest -- stood outside the church and waited for these people to come. Nobody ever showed up, okay. So the hour comes, and I hear the music inside going on, so we went up to the door, looked inside, and there's the minister up in the pulpit, his wife, there with his son, and he's preaching all by himself. (laughter) That was the first demonstration in Allentown that we ever had, first public demonstration. Wonderful memory. I just want to get that story out before we get this -- there wasn't another one until we did coming out, and when we did -- the next organization in 1978, and it must have been prior to -- some time prior to the election, I don't know when, exactly. Dixie White, who was then the state president of NOW -- I don't know -- she hadn't been elected yet. This was before the convention, they elected her. It was '77 when Dixie started and we were going to have a convention at the Hotel Traylor, not the Hotel Traylor, Hotel America? Americana? It's on Fifth, is that right? Fifth and Hamilton, I believe. And it was owned by one person -- We wanted to have a convention there, we were going to have a gay convention, we wanted to have our first gay convention, and he says yes, to begin with, and then said no ; it went to the paper and [said it descriminated against us?]ot a lot of publicity about that, and got a lot of controversy, but that was a part of the conversation about discrimination after that, because they had, you know, that was a front-page story -- not a front-page story, but a story that got in the Morning Call and led to the Valley (inaudible). But that had started because the human relations commission, I think -- they may have approached us as we approached them, I'm not sure. But Dixie had wanted to include other causes in the human relations commission, which were gay, lesbian, trans, and bi having rights for anti-discrimination against housing, employment, and public spaces. And the commission was fine with that. There was a fellow by the name of Bob Prince, I believe, was in charge of the commission, very friendly. There was one commissioner who was not friendly at all. He was very forthright about it, too: a young man who had very strong feelings about -- very anti-homosexual. Didn't make a difference. He would've been overruled by the rest of the commission, because the rest of the commission was for us, whoever they were. But we went to City Council on the basis for the first time and talked about the need for gay rights, taking a bunch of us from -- Le-Hi-Ho was very supportive, and people [were?], then, multiple organizations, I mean, we could never represent five or six organizations, just because people were available and sometimes participated in those organizations, so there was a reason to do it ; we weren't just fooling around. But they were not city -- Allentown was -- Le-Hi-Ho and the organization that we founded, which was called the Citizens' Concern for a Better Community, CCBC -- did that because our friend Frank, a professor at Muhlenberg, created an organization as soon as he heard for it, Citizens Organized for Decency, COD. So I just needed a name to respond to that, so we came up with the Citizens Concern for a Better Community as the gay organization. Met at Confront - a number of people came ; I don't -- Carol Bloch was elected as co-chair with me of that organization, and we used to sit for several years ; (inaudible) for three years, actually, from '77, '78, through '80, and '80 -- on New Year's Day in '80, we started the Gay Alliance Service, which was what we did after we tried for gay rights. There were a number of events involved with that. We had public demonstrations at City Hall. One of the first ones was our coming out. I got a door -- my apartment had doors in the basement that they had taken off the building somewhere, and I got one of those, put it in a frame, took it down to City Hall, set it up, and then we came through the door as a way to "come out," come out of the closet symbolically. Made a speech about the history and the fact that we were so oppressed by history or unknown in history in the Dark Ages, we were kept in the Dark Ages unknowing and unable to reach out to each other. And that has been the key to it, the whole thing, I have always said that if you give them support, give them love, it makes all the difference in the world. It's what makes -- what gives them the chance to grow. It's from where they are, and become the people that they will become, and get -- change that unhappiness to joy of a relation -- I remember a young man who was married, I was confronted with them, personally with him, and his wife, and he was very unhappy in marriage. And I liked her a lot, so I was very unhappy, but he wanted to be gay, and I told him about the Stonewall, and what happens when you go in, people will look at you because you're new, and you have to pay a fee, it's a disco, you dance, just a -- and he did. He said, "I was happy. That was the beginning of my happiness." And I really felt bad that she was gorgeous. She was a very lovely woman, short, and he was also kind of short. They made a really attractive couple, but he got divorced, and happily went on with it. Now, I've had that a lot. When you're out like that, you get people come to you, and tell you that they're gay, and "I'll tell you, but don't tell anybody else," sorts of things. So he was one that did that, and that was historic. So Confront was friendly with me, and friendly enough to sponsor and be very open. We met there through the time that we were - the whole organization whole time we met there. We paid them maybe fifteen dollars for the room or something like that. But it was well worth it -- central place, and I lived beside it ; I was next door, literally, to it, at that time, so it was very easy for me to get there. So we had a -- I don't know -- three, or four, or five demonstrations at city hall. Every week we would go and have some sort of demonstration. Sometimes there were no people around at all ; sometimes -- I think that person was -- noon-time, I believe, lots of people out looking at us, watching us do this publicity thing about coming out and opening the door on discrimination, never to close again, and so we got our free -- well, that wasn't true. We had a parade at one point in connection with this, and I think there were twenty-seven people who actually marched that day, maybe a few more than that. Close enough. Not more than thirty-one, who actually marched down Hamilton Street that day. Met at the corner of Ninth and Hamilton, that was -- Rubes was -- I think still in existence then. And we met in front of there. We had a number of people from across the state -- Mary [Antero?] came from Harrisburg, people came from Williamsport, people came from Philadelphia. A friend of mine from Philadelphia brought his peace professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who I enjoyed meeting. I had talked with this person about it for a long time. We're part of a collective down there, a peace collective that he was a part of, and this peace professor was the leader of that collective. Very interesting man, obviously well-educated, and spoke to this -- was one of the speakers along with Mary, and myself, and Dixie White, president of NOW. There was a group protesting us. If you remember the Daddona Park, there's a map there of the Daddona Park down at the end of Walnut Street, and there is an amphitheater on the hill. We were down at the base of it, where we could have the audience in front of us. And there were a number of people there, I said that there were thirty-one -- now, there may have been more at the park, I don't remember that there were or were not. There was (inaudible) number of people -- bunch of protesters up in the top of the hill. A young man again -- oh, I told you about the -- I told you this story, okay. That was Thirteenth Street, that church was Thirteenth Street, and we went into boycott -- still there, still a very small, tiny little church -- you can see it there. Okay, and I don't know where the young man was from, I don't know where this guy was from that did the preaching. I allowed him to speak, and people were mad at me for that, because I figured, let them see that their word of God is not affecting us very much. But we gave them voice -- I gave them a couple minutes, and people were unhappy with that. I doubt -- I've never considered whether I was truly right or wrong with that. I resent them coming into my space, okay. When I find that straight people are appearing in gay movies, it makes me mad, because that's not fair, really. We need our own employment. It happens, and they're good, and I sort of like Frankie and -- Grace and Frankie very much, and I have appreciated actors who did it more now than I was before, but I still resent it, and when subjects are anti-gay, and that happens sometimes without knowing, unless you really look at it and really understand what they're saying -- the message is really anti-gay. And that's invading my space, and I get really, really angry about that. So I think I could understand people's anger when I allowed it to happen, and that particular occasion -- So we went to Sunday counsel a number of times. They ultimately made the decision that we couldn't speak. They'd had enough. After about three or four meetings, they were going to cut us off and not allow -- cut off that debate. So we went the next time with tape in our mouths to show that we were -- demonstrate the fact that we couldn't speak as clearly as we could. I had known that that was the tactic that had been used plenty of times before, but it was effective then. I remember the first time that I spoke to city hall, I was pretty paranoid. I didn't know what was going to happen. I was concerned about my own position ; I was in the telephone book, and I could be found easily, and I thought, I'm going to be the most hated man in the city. Next morning, I was at work, and I heard on the radio -- the radio was on, and I heard my own voice coming across the airway -- they had interviewed me after that night. And that was the first I had appeared that -- no, I think that may not be true. I was probably out on the radio programs. The first time I'd done it in my hometown. But that was also the first time we demonstrated in Allentown, was when we did that march, all twenty-seven of us, and I remember singing a wonderful Quaker hymn about -- the very famous one from Appalachian Spring. I can't remember -- simple, simple what. "Simple Gifts," it's called. Wonderful plain hymn, and the first time I heard it, singing that, and of course, "We Shall Overcome," and then marching up and down the street. We had a sign from -- my lover had made banners for four different organizations: Le-Hi-Ho, Pennsylvania Caucus, the Reading Group, and a group in Northumberland, little town across from Sunbury. We claimed -- Northumberland only four thousand people, so we claimed we had the biggest group in the smallest city, the other gay group was there. Not quite so. Most of the people came from Sunbury. And my good friend of mine was in charge of that. We were friends -- lifelong ; he had married a man before, and they lived together for thirty-six years before he died, and unfortunately not in -- a couple of years ago. Actually, it was more than that, it was more years than that, maybe forty-two or something like that. Now Le-Hi-Ho is fifty, fifty years old ; he met him in '76, so, what -- At any rate, long friendship. The other thing that happened that particular weekend: there was another demonstration in Williamsport. There was a county fair up there, and Anita Bryant was appearing. Now, we had demonstrated against Anita at several points. We went down through Redding one time, and she was appearing at the Masonic temple, and we protested outside there. She was easy to protest. We never saw her, of course, but we did protest, and I remember people came in costume to emphasize the fact that they had to hide their identity -- the first time that ever happened, that I ever saw it happen. And it was a nice demonstration, and that was the first thing we were able to demonstrate. She was there -- appeared then at the Williamsport fair, and I don't remember the county, unfortunately, right off the top of my head. She was to appear at the fair there. So Mary went up. I did not ; we had had our demonstration on Saturday. They were to go on Sunday to the fair, and they did go to the fair. They had a meeting beforehand, they demonstrated beforehand in a park close by. They had about fifty people, I think, or more at this demonstration. Not everybody elected to march. I think -- I'm not sure how many people elected to march, probably less than fifty, I believe. They actually elected to march at the fair itself. They did that, okay, and they went up there and bravely marched around -- frightening, frightening experience. Mary still is marked by it ; says that was the most frightening day she was ever through. When you've got ten thousand people who hate you, and you're marching in front of them. And I got a letter from the person who founded Homophiles of Williamsburg. Name was Gary. He was the -- he followed me in the co-chair. He was the co-chair of the caucus after me. Then he moved away to Williamsport and founded this group called HOW. The rest of the people -- a lot of people went up there from the state. Thank you. Tony Silvestri spoke there at that demonstration, Mary did, Dixie was there, I'm sure. My point about that demonstration was that following that, the -- fellow by the name of Dan Maneval was then chairman of HOW. It was chairman, leader, president, I'm not sure -- doesn't make any difference what his title was. He was the leader of it. And that was like Dan's second or third -- no, it was his first organization, I'm sorry, his first organization. He was interviewed that night ; following that -- it appeared on television, cable television for Wilkes-Barre. Following that, the neighbor kids began to harass him a little bit. We needed to respond to that. We responded several times. In that day, what happened with gay people when you were an activist, you did everything, okay, and you didn't need anybody's permission ; you simply went ahead and did it without -- doing whatever you could make up for a response. And we were often pretty weak about it ; we didn't know what we were doing. We had to invent these things -- effective answers. And I don't know -- I wanted to find out what were effective answers. I wanted to have a meeting to talk about, let's -- what was good about what we did, and what were the failure, so we could be instructive to the next generation. But the next generation doesn't need this anymore. They have the internet, and wonderful, wonderful means, you know -- when we did a newsletter at -- we used to pull the newsletters in our meetings for the aging group in 2000 newsletter -- hell, we had one hundred forty-seven -- we had a lot. We thought, back in those days, by keeping our -- all those people we had been in contact with would never come to the caucus, we sent newsletters as long as they didn't come back to us, and they frequently did, because everybody was young and in transit. But the difference between two-thousand and now -- they, of course, do it by -- they don't send the newsletters out anymore ; everything by email. And those kids take great advantage of that. They are so aware, and I went to a conference -- I'll have to talk about that later -- go back to Le-Hi-Ho, and back to how and why I was talking about it -- and Dan was interviewed, began to harass him -- we went up and went around to the neighbors and said, "Look, this fellow is being harassed in his own home, his parents' home" -- he had inherited it from his parents, who were then dead, and was living there all by himself. We talked to the neighbors, and they didn't -- the cops wouldn't do anything. The cops said, they don't know who it is, and Dan found out later, of course, that the cops had talked to these very people. They had talked to the neighbors and found out, well, yeah, they were talking to the kids. Didn't you know that? No, we didn't know it, and that was very ineffective, and stopped for a bit, started again, around Halloween especially, and it got so intense, so intense, that Dan got really, really scared, because they threw a cinder block through his front door, and attacked his windows, attacked him in his home at night, and it really frightened him to the degree that he actually left home and stayed in an apartment for some time. Ultimately, he sold his home. The cops never did a thing. Our mistake was not to talk to the cops, and not to create this incredible imbroglio over it. We really should have, but I'm not sure that Dan would've been able to stand it, because he was already in danger. He felt -- he was attacked once, but that was some years after that, as a matter of fact. But Dan is still an activist, okay, going on, like, his thirteenth organization right now in Williamsport. He is just incredible, and he's a little trooper. He also got stage three cancer, and he's waiting now to find out the results of his chemo. He'll know about four days, I think the sixteenth. But that was a terrible loss. He was the only one I knew suffered that great a loss, lost his family home over it. Stayed in hiding in a trailer court for a long time, moved back to the city, and lived at the same address for ever since, but thirteenth organization as far as I know. I really lost contact, and I don't know how many -- up to the modern day, keep re-founding it, and re-founding it, and re-founding it -- Howarth for three years did a terrific job, and then it -- I stayed with him until about two-thousand, he decided -- they had to come to me, now, I'm not going to do it again. Well, three or four years passed, and there were suddenly three organization or four organizations in Williamsport of various sorts, liberal organizations, grassroots, that really carried the banner of gay rights, and (inaudible) always been very difficult -- so the city hall, the city paper, would not publish the word "homosexual," would not advertise meetings for any of these groups for many years. I think they finally did, finally made it a change. It was a long time, a hard change. We interfered another time at Bloomsburg. These friends of ours -- the caucus, essentially -- so it was a multi -- people came from different organization -- met at Bloomsburg and talked to a dormitory. Went and talked to kids in the dormitory, and talked tough, and said, you know, again, we're going to -- we shouldn't have -- of course, we were totally nonviolent, as the gay movement has been, by the way, as everybody should be well aware, is that we haven't killed anybody. We had a few demonstrations in which police cars got turned, and that was Harvey Milk. I remember him being -- we were at Echo -- when there was a demonstration happening on the West Coast, I remember hearing about it, because we were very affected by it, cheering and that kind of thing, and Harvey Milk was there. But that's when they had a violent period, the only violence that I really remember outside of -- well, there's been very, very little violence, and no guns, nobody killed, a lot of people -- a lot of gays died, but not any result of our actions, or (inaudible) demonstrations, it didn't happen that way. Except this one occasion, and poor Dan lost his home, and it's so courageous, and I honor him so much. We'll miss him terribly. So there are a bunch of us who remain from those days as good friends, having bonded in that way, in that particular bond, which was deeply bonding, you know, when you're doing that kind of work, and you're -- There just wasn't enough time to talk to each other. We didn't have time to party. We didn't have time to know each other. We just talked, went and talked and talked and talked, because there was so much to say about what was going on, to talk about all the meetings, and all the events, and all -- everything we need to plan, and all that kind (inaudible), that we just had rare times. I think we got caught in a snowstorm at one time and stayed at somebody's cabin. Wonderful party. We all had pot, and if they arrested, they would have arrested the whole rural population ; all those groups would've been leaderless. That was the only time -- that was one of the few times that we ever had times to just be ourselves. Now, in the modern day, we've finally really been -- without the organizations we're getting to know each other again and enjoying it a lot. So back to the demonstrations and CCBC. When Frank organized his organizations, we quickly organized ourselves into this -- what we came to this Citizens Concerned for a Better Community, for lack of -- the first meeting we had, I think we got a committee, and said, "Name it," and that's what we came up with. Kind of a dumb name, really, honestly, but then, it was a dumb thing to do, calling it "cod." I can't think of any more demonstrations we did. We went to City Council ; there was one councilman who was opposed to us entirely, very vociferously, and he was the one who invited Anita Bryant to come to the city, stirred us up tremendously, stirred up quite a lot of controversially, fortunately, gave us -- there was a lot of back and forth in the letters to the editor. We spoke as often as we could, anywhere we could, went on the radio, went to -- churches wouldn't invite us ; several churches invited us, just to understand what we were doing and what we wanted, which was of course just the support for gay rights. Just allow us to have them, you know, say, "We are for it," instead of against us. And what we're looking for is to just be ourselves, not to bother you, not to be immoral, not do strange things to your children, just to be ourselves. And I really -- I am not a particularly good speaker. I would have preferred that other people had done it than me. But I did it anyway, and some other people did. Somewhere along the way, and this might have been later, we got a chance to talk to Presbyterians -- the Presbytery was meeting, you know. We went to a Presbytery meeting and talked to them. It was a relatively small meeting, because they were just them. It may have been a committee of the Presbytery, I'm not sure. But I did convince them to support gay rights. Now, there were churches -- the Moravian Church was one, the UCC, a number of denominations had actually endorsed gay rights on a national level, and we made a lot of hay with that, put that forward. Le-Hi-Ho was very supportive ; when we formed in Allentown, they came across and became memberships without being a part of leadership. That was what they did. They stayed pretty much with themselves, were very supported, wonderfully, and spoke -- City Hall meetings, organized a great packet of literature, better than I could have, because they had resources, they had the library and all the resources to do that, and organize the packet of information for the City Council. Ultimately, there was a mayoral election, and Joe Daddona was the mayor at that time, and Joe lost by seventeen votes. I couldn't help but say, "Look, you know, I didn't endorsed you -- I disendorsed you, and I want you to know that, so we were the seventeen votes." I'm sure that wasn't true, but it was a cruel thing to do, and a stupid trick to do, and that's no politics at all. That's my most stupid, stupid, stupid -- but I couldn't help it. I had to rub it in a little bit. Seventeen votes. But there never have been -- in that time, the Republicans and Democrats traded administrations every time, and it became a Frank somebody, or -- I don't remember Frank's name, and Joe Daddona was elected again another four years, and there's Joe Daddona Park now down there, and that amphitheater is now called Joe Daddona Park at the end of Walnut Street. When they finally got around to counting on it, to actually voting on it, we lost incredibly. The opposition was there. When we had the tape on our mouths, the opposition stood up to speak, and did speak. The City Council member who favored us said, "Let them speak," and City Council retook the vote then, and said, "Yes, you can speak." So the opposition did speak. We did not. But it was an important occasion that they did, and we applauded and all that kind of jazz, applauding our enemies because they were as fierce as we were as the ability to uphold the Constitution. I always felt that was terribly important. There's one more story I could tell you about that, an instant I thought was really important, that you uphold that right for everybody to do that, speak up, free speech. That was one case we did it. And that was pretty much the end of City Council, whenever they voted that in, and had a letter from the solicitor that they could not do city -- lights in the city, because it exceeded the state, and there was no authority for them to do it. They wouldn't take states that had -- the state commission had not announced -- went on with that and met -- was a nicely integrated group of people. We had some blacks, which was rare. We had men and women. Allentown NOW was founded by Dixie White, president, the state president, because she wanted more people to participate as leaders. You excite new leaders if you have a new organization, and she was very much in favor of that, so she created several. There was a group in Bethlehem, socialists, led by socialists, who were truly socialists. I think there were seven of them. And they didn't have a leadership. They did everything by consensus, no president. We didn't have a president either in the group in Reading, because I was the most eligible person. They didn't want me to do it. They wanted to have a local person do it, and they were right, and I refused -- I wouldn't take the leadership, because it was their organization. But they wanted me to do it. So we didn't have a leader ; it moved by a council that ruled the whole thing. And this socialist group was the same. They did everything by consensus, very difficult to do. And they got -- were very big on the business -- they wanted to be the -- on the discrimination issue at City Hall, and not allowing us to speak, that was a figurative issue that they really jumped on, and the governor's -- candidate for governor, socialist candidate for governor, spoke at that meeting, also, that demonstration we had in Allentown. I don't remember her name anymore, but she came to speak for us. Good people, they were. I like socialists. I wasn't one myself, and I wasn't really a lefty, but I really, certainly learned to respect them and to love them. E. E. Cummings said, "Communists have fine eyes." Great line, great line. Is there anything to say about the organization outside of the fact that it was -- I was not good about -- never good about really integrating organizations with people of color. I just wasn't successful at it. I don't know why. They just didn't respond to me, like the transsexual community's not responded well to me. And I regret that a lot. I can't bridge it, can't be different somehow and bridge that, and I always feel my distance from them. And I've known only a few over the years, until, now, the current -- I know a transvestite comes to the aging group -- no, I'm sorry, a transsexual comes to the aging group, our age. She's seventy, pushing seventy, I believe, and is a former teacher, and got me acquainted with the fact that now there is in Pennsylvania a group that has five-hundred people coming to their conferences, all transsexuals, and that's amazing to me. Not all transsexuals, by no means. Some of our people go. And we're very supportive of her, and she's a good friend of mine, and she and I work with the movies now. There have been other people, but she and I are left to do it. But that's -- I was never successful with it. I met a few over the years, but I was not able to make any breakthroughs with them in terms of really personal friendship. One exception was a transvestite who I knew well, who sang in her own voice. She was an entertainer, and we sponsored her several times for organizational meetings, and when we had an opportunity to present anybody, we presented her, because she sang in her own voice, quite good at that. Still living -- now lives in -- I haven't seen her in many -- since then. She was very forthright, works with women, is a hostess, and went to the police when she was discriminated against, and talked to the police, and said, "You discriminated against me." Very, very forthright. About that business with the CCBC, I was discriminated against once and I didn't even know it. My landlord came to me after I was in the newspaper, sometime after that, and said, "I want to use your apartment ; you have to move out. I'm going to be taking over it." At the time, I was ready to divorce my lover, and we did separate, as a matter of fact, then. I was moving out. I also did the separation. I was also going to Confront at that time for personal therapy. Went to that for several years, enormously, enormously helpful, group therapy was. And my landlord was going to have me move out. That day, we moved out everything except the piano, which I was donating to a woman whose daughter wanted to learn to play the piano. So I gave her the piano. The piano was very, very heavy, and we couldn't move it out the day before, it was the fifteenth, or whatever day I'd promised to get it out. So we went back to collect the panel the next day, and the landlord is there, and he says, "That's my piano." I had to pay one hundred dollars to give the damn piano away. He was such a mean bastard. He never moved in, also, and after that, then he re-rented the apartment. That's when I knew I'd been discriminated against, but I didn't understand it before. I didn't think about -- not realize -- connect the dots, because he didn't present it in any way, like, "You aren't welcome," but he wanted me out of there, and got me out of there as a result of that, right after I'd been in the paper. Rick and I separated after eight years, and he stayed in town ; I loaded him down with my dog and all the furniture, I loaded on him so he'd stay in town, not run home to mother -- he was from Milton, Pennsylvania. Bit of a momma's boy. So I made the choice, stayed in town, it was a big mistake. Ultimately, he -- I met him fifty years ago, yeah, fifty years ago, in '69. In 2007, 2008 -- 2007, in August two-thousand seven, in Allentown. I told you I was going out there to see him once a week. But he was married with this woman for thirty years -- he wasn't married. He lived with a woman for thirty years after that, which astonished me. I mean, clearly it wasn't a sexual relationship, but they grew to be interdependent, so interdependent that they really were pretty tight as a couple, not functioning terribly well, low-level functioning, but able to make it, and leaning together really worked for them. She got him to quit smoking. I never thought he would quit smoking, twenty, thirty years now, twenty, thirty, years before, twenty years -- they were together twenty-eight years, I believe, together, when he died. And that was extraordinary, to have him married to a woman, hard to explain, after he'd been gay entirely, and he continued to be gay. He also got beat up one time in a park, right across the street from where I was then living on Turner Street. If you remember, there's a cemetery there on Turner Street, Ninth and Turner, I believe. And that's where I lived in an apartment there, Dixie White's spouse at that time was Debbie Cedar, and Debbie later became another president of NOW, state president of NOW, I think -- I'm not sure when. Maybe after Bishop Whitley and -- I think after Mary. I'm not sure. That would've been the second (inaudible) of three lesbians, I believe, three or four lesbians in charge of the state organization, you know, in a row. But anyway, I lived in a little apartment there for, like, one hundred dollars a month. They were fixing up. Wonderful -- they gave me the lowest price they could, and I had the whole first floor. And just a good place to live. It had a sun porch on -- loved the sun porch. I could go out there -- it was in March, and I was laid off, go out there and just have my coffee in mornings, enjoy the mornings, warm (inaudible) because the sun was starting right in. A fellow used to go by every morning with his cat on a leash, thirty-foot leash. (Laughter) That cat was all over everybody's porch, went walking way ahead of him, it was the funniest thing I ever saw. I never saw it again, a cat like that. I saw a lot of people travelling with cats ; I never saw one on a leash like that, walking around town. But he was beat up in the park across the street from me. Changed his life. He really became very frightened after that, and all through his going-out pattern, he was never able to cruise the streets as he had. He would go to a bookstore, but he would do it at a building like that, and that's what he did, was adopt a bookstore, the Hamilton and Ninth, Hamilton and Tenth, I think it was. He lived on Hamilton and Eleventh, it was -- I don't remember. That was just a huge change for him, because he had been always promiscuous, even when I first knew him. I hadn't known that for a while, but he just liked anything in pants, he would go with it. He just had anal sex, in particular, once. Never had to have it again, but he had to have it once, with not everybody. You know, I thought it was an act of contempt ; I wasn't quite sure with him, why he did it. He was hard to communicate, difficult, an autistic person, I suspect, ultimately. I was very much in love with him. He was handsome to me. He had some sort of feminine tendencies, which I ignored. To me, he was a virile man ; I treated him as a -- I ignored whatever he might have been. Gorgeous legs ; he would've been a fantastic drag -- truly gorgeous legs to the end of his life. Very supportive of me. Took me everywhere, drove me all over the state. He had a car ; I didn't own a car until I was forty, so we had his. We bought cars together, but they were in his name. I took care of that. And we had a little Subaru, which was then a new car, little tiny thing, yellow. Ah! School bus yellow. We went all over the state. Again, intentionally, we went far distance places, we went out to Pittsburgh a lot, and out to my sister's, and went to the colleges around there, and gay bars where we could find them, just trying to keep contact with what was going on. The caucus itself had people from Pittsburgh come out, not anywhere else, but there was that mutual support among the organizations. They were very helpful to us in Allentown. Le-Hi-Ho was unusually helpful. At one point with the caucus, when we had a crisis of leadership -- as a matter of fact, when I was elected president, when I was elected co-chair, the co-chairs had gotten into trouble because they had done something unauthorized, and as a matter of fact, when we read the by-laws, they were authorized, because in the absence of membership meeting, and being authorized with the meeting, then the co-chairs were legal. But they had done something - I've forgotten what it was -- now, but the woman came by the name of Janet Cooper. I told you about Janet before. She was a professor at [Ship?], and she really was so against them, and really got us to oppose them, and I finally told her that there is an issue, there was a vote of confidence in the English Constitution -- the English use the vote of confidence is what the Parliament rises or falls on, is a vote of confidence, and you can vote them out of office. So she insisted on a vote of confidence after I finally explained to her what it was, and the current president and the current co-chairs lost the vote. Went to the next meeting and there was nobody there, we were there, and Mary and I were there, and a lot of their people, but the co-chairs never showed up, period. So we figured they've taken the vote seriously and they're not coming back. So we elected a new president that summer, and I got to be president, but in the interim I'd written it up in the newsletter. I said, we're at this point of crisis, we've done this thing, which is very controversial, and we need to address it in the next meeting. And Le-Hi-Ho wrote this letter, and said, "Look, if you're going to be this way, we're leaving. We are no longer supporting you at all. We're not giving you any money, we're not sending any people, we aren't allowing (inaudible)." Very important, because it really made the caucus look at the whole issue and get upset about losing the support of the main organization, of one that we really counted on, being as powerful as they were over that many years. They were very successful. And that was Ken Burke, another person that I have forgotten, another wonderful person, and [Lou Railer?] was his lover, and those two were students together, graduate students, I believe, and Ken was interested in politics. I think he might have gone into politics, ultimately. But at the time, he was president of Le-Hi-Ho, and a very good one, very strong, and very forthright, and very honest, and that was an important contribution of Le-Hi-Ho to that organization. And they came to the conferences, gave us a lot of staff for conferences, et cetera, and again, they did it without changing their position. They did not personally come to the caucus meetings, but they were -- supported us in every way. Something was key to support in Allentown, and that was the least we were trying for. The other thing that happened at that particular time that I want to talk about briefly was -- she formed the NOW chapter in Allentown. There were thirteen of us. We're all activists. There were two guys, and all the rest were women. We went everywhere. We went to women's conferences. I went to the women's state conferences. It was the year of the women, and they were having a conference in every city. I went to that conference. Wonderful, wonderful conference. A Quaker conference, I remember, great conference down in Philadelphia. I went to -- fell in love with Quaker meetings. Quaker meetings were unusual because you observe silence, and people are moved to speak. At a Quaker meeting, they have no -- there's no leadership. There were no ministers, no leaders. There are only weighty Quakers. Weighty Quakers are people who are known for their wisdom, and to be a weighty Quaker is a really wonderful thing, if you -- men or women are eligible for it, women can speak as well, because men -- although they do sit on separate sides of the church, women on this side, and men on this side. Long, long tradition, never changed, as far as I know. I don't know what happened in the modern church, in more recent days, but even then, in those days, it was still separated. Went to a Quaker meeting, at -- went on a Sunday that we were there for this Quaker conference, and my expectation was, you were going to get very inward, you're going to meditate, okay, you're going to go into this -- "You all flow out," (inaudible). Had that outflow, and your awareness of everyone else is so intense. For instance, like, there was never a consequence, when you're moved to speak -- I never heard two people try to speak at the same time. I don't know how that works, but collectively, so that you -- and you spoke when you had something to say. When the spirit moved you, then you spoke. And that was revelation, and I really loved that particular form of worship ever since. I think it's just superb, superior to everything I knew. But it's that outflow that you get, and which you're becoming such a part of the hole, and so moved by the whole, and listening, and open to -- we went to the Quakers once for a meeting, I think, at Reading, Reading, yes. We wanted to meet the Quaker church, so we went to the meeting, a Board meeting, I think, it was something, whatever -- wasn't the full -- we didn't go to a meeting ; we went to a -- for the meeting, that was the -- the people who wanted to speak on the issue, and they moved by consensus, and they had -- their whole congregation had to agree, or they couldn't do it. Well, there was one person who didn't agree, and he was pretty forthright, and told us why. I was there at the meeting, and spoke to us directly -- we spoke to him directly, and we didn't get it, but the Quakers and the Unitarians were very, very important to the movement. Unitarians sponsored Le-Hi-Ho membership. The Quakers were often spoken -- in support, were very supportive in terms of congregations and in terms of their actions, whether they -- they were very supportive. We happened to fail on that particular organization ; I'm sorry that we did, because the Quakers were wonderful people, always, and had been great. So NOW, the same thing, NOW had a meeting at that time -- local, state, or national, they talked about gay rights, right from the top, in the presence of any organization, and always talked about it in their meetings. What was happening locally was a part of their agenda. So Lehigh -- the Allentown NOW was a totally active organization. We went to -- we marched on Washington, we went to the '93, '83 march -- no -- We went to the march in, I think it was '79, was the first one, '78, '79, and then there was the first march on Washington. It was the second one in '93, which is also big, and people thought that was the first one, but no, it would've been in '79. Went to Chicago, when we were voting on the ERA, they had a demonstration in Chicago, one hundred-thousand people, as I recall, along the lakefront, enormous event. Washington, DC was an enormous event, the women's march in Washington, DC. NOW marched in the women's march in Washington, DC, was an enormous event ; over one hundred-thousand people marched in Washington that year, one of the largest demonstrations. The first and largest demonstration, I think, that had ever been, was back in -- was in San Francisco, gay pride, three hundred-thousand people, I think, at that time, and we had the record for the largest civil demonstration of anything, it happened to be gay rights. We were that kind of active. We were not -- and didn't spend any money in Chicago at all ; we crossed the border, never spent a cent in Illinois. Marched, wonderful march. First time I was in Chicago -- I moved there about two years later, very happily, happiest thing to be in with my lover. There were probably more conferences than that. I can't remember what they were, but they were always important and everything, well-informed. I was also a co-chair of NOW, and I was the only male that I knew of that held that job, and it was on their insistence ; they wanted to have equality. But there were only two of us available ; and the other was a student, at Kutztown again. It was a great organization, really. Dixie was such a mentor to me, and so politically oriented, and always, always involved, very feminist. My mother was about as strong a feminist as you can get for the forties and fifties, and certainly very aware and very supportive of what she knew -- she was anti-communist like crazy, she was terribly anti-communist. Ran for the state legislature, (inaudible) that she was anti-communist. We had to talk to him all over (inaudible), all over the state. It was really -- I learned to disrespect that. It was the time of the McCarthy era, and -- forty-seven, I think, I think when she was running for -- no, that was school board. I don't remember -- legislature, she ran after that and didn't win. Was (inaudible) anti-communist and talking, and watching McCarthy hearings on television. They were actually on television. House Un-American Commission was one of the first televised events from Congress ever, and Joe McCarthy was leading that pack, and talking about the pinkos, the pinko commies, the gay commies, and all that. I learned later that in political science, and obviously at home, and told my mother off, and said, you're totally wrong, and I do not believe in McCarthyism or anything about it, it's just terrible evil, evil, evil, evil the organization. She got over it, and was fine with me after I came out, and my family has been very supportive, very supportive. I did not have a wedding, however. I wanted to, right when I -- well, I fell in love with Doug, I really wanted to celebrate love with him and have a wedding, and get married, and we didn't ; my sister said that somebody might not come, and I didn't want to know who. I just thought that, I don't want to be hurt, I don't want my family to hurt me now. And I still don't know who might not have come. They've always been supportive to my face, and loved Doug. He was a different person than Ricky was, and they liked him a whole lot more. And Ricky was the kind of person who people did not like, and I had people who'd tell me, "Don't bring him. You come, but don't let me see him," or "keep him away from me." That was tough. But Ricky, as I said, was probably autistic, not autistic, what do you call them -- there's a form of autism -- Asperger's, probably had Asperger's. It was (inaudible) among other things. Had a high fever when he was very young, one hundred and six temperature, sustained for a while, and I think it affected his brain, and he was thereafter not as capable, not as bright as he could have been. Graduated high school at twenty-one, I think, but he finally graduated. His mother got him to do that, insisted, and he stayed in school that long, and participated, even though he was older. But he had his problems, and wasn't kind to people. He was wonderful to me, but he would turn down anybody else for a ride, for instance. He wouldn't take them, and other people, he did take. But friends of mine, he turned them down. And that kind of -- I didn't know about it until later on myself, and it was a problem. He had an intelligence in his hands that was wonderfully good. He could knit, or (inaudible), or anything to do with sewing and threads, great -- did a lot of macramé. My sister has several pieces of that. It was a great skill with them. He just had a mental ability with that. One time, he made a window -- seventy macramé things that he had touched so he could put his plants out there, seventy plants, suspended each one on a string, and he'd take -- lower them and water them. It was crazy. Couldn't see out. He liked the covers when it's three layers on the windows. Couldn't see out. And I love sunlight. I don't put covers on my windows at all, any more covers than are there. These were landlords' -- my landlord wants these because they match his, and so they're his curtains, effectively. But I won't cover them. I have to have the light, all the light I can get. Three covers, good Lord. He lived in a very dark hole. This place is dark enough, as you can tell. I can't tell -- in my bedroom, I don't know whether it's light or day, literally. I don't know whether it's dusk. I'm drawing late, so I don't know, when I get up in the morning, I have to figure, is this morning or evening? What is happening? Is it afternoon? I can't tell. three o'clock in the afternoon, if it's a cloudy day, it's dark as dusk in here, because of that porch. And there used to be a huge elm out there, one hundred and fifty year old elm, that had been there when (inaudible) founded, for God's sake, and -- elm? Maple. It was maple. Dirty old tree, but big. Limbs fell off it twice on my car. (Laughter) It was when they decided to cut the tree down the second time, not because it fell on my car, because they didn't want it happening anymore, and, you know, maple -- everything that falls off a maple tree. So they probably tore it down. They came in and tore it, even the tree, took it down to the roots and (inaudible) that up, so it's completely gone now. It was huge and wonderful, but it's very, very dark. Really made (inaudible). And -- MF:May I ask -- JB:Anything else I can tell you? MF:Yeah, you met Ricky through Le-Hi-Ho, so how did you meet your second lover? How did that relationship begin? JB:Well, I met him again at a New Year's Eve party -- I think I -- I don't remember. We might have had a drag party that night. We may have had a Le-Hi-Ho event, drag event on New Year's Eve of 19-- going into 1970, and he insisted on taking me home, which was our first time together. And after that, we were -- I had him move down here by April, I think, after that. Moved away from his family. He'd been going to Canada, Toronto, Canada, weekly, seven hundred miles, to be gay. Which was a little ridiculous, but he was that kind of person. He loved driving, loved driving. Terrible on cars, hard on cars. I didn't know. I thought he knew something about cars ; he didn't know a damn thing about that. I had to replace the clutch every six months because he was so hard on the clutches. I'll never forget that. I've never had a clutch since then. I thought they (inaudible). I thought clutches -- I thought that was a normal part of having a car, but no. Very expensive part of having a car. Blew out the two gaskets on the damn thing before we got rid of that particular car, and that's expensive. That was thousands of dollars. The whole car was only four thousand dollars. Subarus at that time were nothing. They were the cheapest cars in America. New import then. And Ricky was not a great contributor, but he was very, very supportive of me. He never said a word to me about taking me to all those meetings. Was there with me, and we had -- something (inaudible) supporter. He was also -- didn't have a great deal of integrity. He forged a check at least once or twice. We'd give him rent money, and found out later that the rent wasn't paid, or whatever I'd given the money for wasn't paid, and it wasn't gone. So I thought there was personally too much, and divorced him, sadly. He worked at the Shawnee Penn with me, the furniture factory. He was a sewer, I was the distributing supervisor, and he worked in the -- he didn't sew. He was in the layout room where they laid the clothes out and cut them, cutting room. And that was -- there were two guys, older men, American people, five or six or seven Americans in the place, white Americans -- white people. I'm sorry, I apologize. Puerto Ricans were certainly American, and I was very aware of that. They lived at the top of the hill. There was a -- in Allentown, Hellertown, there's an area up there where it was low-income housing, and they lived up there at the top of the hill, and you can walk down through Saucon Park, which is between Allentown and Bethlehem, and they could walk down the hill to go to work, and I, we used to take the bus out, and when Ricky and I separated, I would take the bus, walk down the hill myself, to that complex down -- They were all Puerto Ricans. Very nice people, wonderful people, but they were very short. I never -- I thought I was tall. I'm only five-eight, and I thought I was tall, because they were truly (inaudible). It took me a long time to figure out that I really wasn't. And I never learned to speak Spanish, either, which I regret. I did learn -- I took it in college, but I never learned -- I missed a great opportunity to speak it. I didn't know them better. And there were -- there was one Mexican that came and didn't like it very much. There was not happiness between the Mexican and the Puerto Rican peoples. They looked down on each other, quite frankly. And I think they -- there was a white guy that came there, young fellow, they told him, don't come back, and he quit in a couple days. They were protecting the jobs for themselves. Which was -- they didn't do that to me ; I was college-educated and was a different line of thing. I got to be a supervisor almost right away, because nobody else in the place was educated, either, and then I got the position. It didn't pay me anything ; it was -- like I said, we were poor as church mice. Ricky lived in Milton, was where he was from, and his grandmother went to see us often. She lived to be ninety-six. I had her cane here for a long time, and it broke, unfortunately ; I was very sad about that, because Ricky had given it to me a couple years ago, before he died. I had kept contact with him all those years ; we were good friends, and -- Doug and I were good friends. It's unique about gay people, that they tend to stay with -- good friends with their exes, and know them, whereas Anne said that's unusual for heterosexuality, that they would divorce, and separate, and not know each other, and stay away from each other, and that just wasn't true of gay people I knew of. We typically maintained our relationships. And I certainly did with Ricky for those forty years, saw him on and off, at least twice a year, once a year at the very least, twice a year if I could, and in the last couple years, when he got -- he got to be about three hundred and fourteen pounds at one time. I had him out here, and I took him to the Y, and I said, I want you to see this. I wanted to take you to The Y specifically so I could take you to see the exercise rooms, through all I do, and know that this is a familiar, friendly place, that you don't have to be embarrassed about being here at three hundred and fourteen pounds and so on. He got so that he couldn't walk down the stairs anymore, and stayed on the second floor for a whole year before he got sick, and then went to bed all by himself, just said, "I won't get out of bed," and he stayed in bed for a year, and I went to see him every weekly, and while he was in bed, feeling terrible for the fact that he had gotten to that bad of shape and he just couldn't get out of bed, lost the use of his legs, almost, could barely stand -- I only saw him standing one time after that, and that was in a nursing home, where they'd taken him out of bed, and they have those lifters that can get people up, and they had taken him for exercises to another place, and I went there and saw him actually standing up, leaning on somebody, practically pushing him over, because his legs could not handle it anymore. That was the last time I saw him stand at all, and that was -- then he fell out of bed on the third of January in 1978. She was out doing groceries, and he made enough of a fuss to get -- enough noise to get -- attract the neighbor, called the police, the emergency people went in, got him downstairs, took him to Bethlehem, which is where they had a mental hospital at St. Luke's in Bethlehem, and they diagnosed him with dementia, and from there he went to a nursing home, and he went to a second nursing home. The first nursing home, he went while it was free, while he could do it under the auspices of Medicare, and then, when he ran out of that, then they changed him to an Alzheimer's home, memory of care home, and that's where he died, got pneumonia, finally, and died. It was a long time -- he was a long time dying, had a long time in dementia. It was hard to deal with, dementia is a very difficult thing -- would go to see him, and he may or may not recognize me, and he got angry with me several times. I think one time -- when the limb fell on my car was the month I couldn't go -- he felt abandoned, terribly abandoned, and it was -- it echoed forty years ago for him, echoed his family (inaudible). So I've got this man who was seventy years old grieving about the abandonment, and the loss, and the separation for him of being the gay individual in a family of three brothers, who were all very male, and his dad, who was beating him up some regular basis. And I liked his father ; I didn't know this was true. She's told me that Ricky complained about having brothers beating up when he was younger, and I don't doubt that that was true. They were quite male, very strong, solid individuals. I remember when his dad died of cancer, going to see him, and we went regularly, just to see him when he had cancer, because he was dying, and the boys would stand around, and just be strong, silent, would never have -- no conversation. Didn't know what to say to him, didn't know how to love him, or say, "I love you, Dad," or whatever. That was very hard. His mother was a good person, a warm person, very pretty, but she also put him on a clothesline when he was a kid, and a harness -- I mean, this was typical in the fifties. They took the kids, and put a harness on them, and then attach it to the clothesline so they couldn't run around, they'd get lost. Now, we happened to live in a place which was a V, two roads, one on each side of the house, and his dog was killed there. He had a dog, a white German Shepherd, that was killed, that he mourned for the rest of his life, loved that dog. We had a dog together that I loved very personally, wonderful dog, that was given to us by a lesbian couple moving to a -- a Reading couple who were moving to Chicago. Now this was an interesting couple, too, talk about somebody else for a moment. They had liberated the mines, Bethlehem Steel mines, were the first women to work, to go down into the mines, because they had sued, and were a lesbian couple, and worked together, went down in the mines together every day until they went to Chicago, and then I lost contact with them, sadly, but they had a dog that I went to see one time, when -- she was away, I think, and the dog was there, put away in another part with another lesbian couple that was either living with them or taking care of the dog. I said, "If you ever want to get rid of the dog" -- so they moved to Chicago and gave me the dog -- wonderful, wonderful animal. Turned out to be a transsexual dog -- trans -- a hermaphrodite. Eight years old, she suddenly began to develop -- lose her hair and develop penile bone, and it turned out that I took her to the vet, and the vet said that they weren't sure what was going on here. Either she's not female, or she's -- honest to God, penile bone going on down here, and she's clearly -- I had known her for maybe her whole life, but she was a female who humped everything. (Laughter) Now I've told you, the dog's -- which must have confused the hell out of them, because she felt like a female, she was a female, genetically, but she had been spayed, or they had gone in to spare, and they didn't do anything ; they didn't take anything out, and the vet told me that, whenever he examined her, that she's been spayed, and whatever they did, they didn't remove anything, and so she began to develop this set of balls and penile bone, and eight years old. And she was a spiritual animal. She was a dog that -- you looked in her eyes, she never looked away. You looked into her -- it could look like you were going to her tail, you know, her eyes were that deep, just these liquid pools, she just looked through -- way, way deep into her soul. And I thought she was Buddha. She was my Buddha dog. Suffered in her own way, became nearly blind, and very deaf, and died at seventeen years old, died in my arms, which I wanted to do. I wanted to give her her last -- if this was her last trip through life, I wanted to be done that way, and she died naturally in my arms, which I was very grateful for. But she was -- we were -- she and I were so in love. It was really a special relationship. She was always at my feet, always right behind me, the whole time. She would just follow me around and be right there wherever I was. I had to watch, step over her all the time, as long as she lived with me. And Doug fell in love with her, but she was so much my dog. Special relationship. It just worked out, the first time I had her, I remember -- she came in the house, they gave us the dog, I went and took a bath, put a few pieces of candy up here -- they were cream drops, they were called, I think, they were just sugar -- melted -- fondant with chocolate on them, and she ate them. (Laughter) What a bad dog. That was the start. And then she'd lick me. She loved Irish Spring soap. Loved it. She would lick it off me. And I'd let her do it (inaudible) because it didn't hurt me, and she loved -- whatever she was, boy, she loved that stuff. It was crazy. Very, very special animal, but humped my leg a lot. And again, it was natural to her. I mean, I didn't know -- like I tell you, she got persistent -- great leaper, my God, she could leap eight or nine feet, and did it often. She used to love chewies, and would chew them and take them from her, and she would just leap to the bed, incredible leaper -- was a poodle mix that looked like an English sheepdog. She had her fur done over her eyes. I had a picture of her there somewhere, but it's not -- she was cut at that time. We had to cut her because she got such long hair that she was only comfortable -- we had to sheer her like a sheep, literally, because it got so thick and so tangled, there was just no way we could handle it, so she was -- every summer, we'd have to (inaudible). Wonderful having her. Really grateful. Doug came to me -- I was busy at being an activist at that point. '80, we were doing conferences and so on. We did four conferences with the caucus. So we were doing a series of conferences, did them in '78, '79, '80, and '83. '81, perhaps, and three, I don't remember, '80, I guess it was. And that -- in different places across the state -- we did central -- we did east, central, west, back to east again. I think it was my turn for east. I told you about the Americus turning us down. After they had said yes, they turned us down, over at the newspaper. A little place called Howard Johnson's up above the Poconos, in the Poconos, they called us, and said they would do the conference. They did the conference. Very, very successful. We had to have it twice. We had a snowstorm the first time. We were going to have it in January, thirty-six inches, it snowed that day. Guy called me in Pittsburgh and said, "Are you going to head to this conference with snow starting in Pittsburgh?" I said, "Of course we have the conference." thirty-six inches. Believe it or not, there's a protest group out there on the highway leaving the hotel. We weren't there. I mean, we called off the cops. We called everybody we knew that had bought tickets, and said, please don't come, but then there was this protest group out there doing their thing without us. (Laughter) So we didn't have that conference. We had it again in April. Very successful. There were several hundred people, people were crying all over the place, really good conference. Really special. It was the first -- lots of people came and said, "I never saw so many lesbians before." It was just a thrill to see fifty lesbians in a room. And it was just a good, good conference. We were well-organized, I thought we did a terrific job. We did good conferences, quite frankly, in those years, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, and a place called Rainbow Resort up in the Poconos again. Near that place? Yeah. It was owned by two women ; there was a bar in -- Candida's, they originally owned Candida's, lesbian couple, created it for a gay bar, and then Candida was the waitress at that time, and bought the bar, and took over, and still owns it, as far as I know. Candida's, when I was there, I don't know, two or three years ago, maybe -- I (inaudible) visiting (inaudible) and we decided to go to Candida's. God, I feel like a stranger. I walked in in the middle of the afternoon, seventy-nine years, you know, I'm seventy-eight by that time, seventy-seven, and I was just so out of place. Walked in, (inaudible) looked at me and said, like, "Are you real? You're in my bar?" And I never told him that I had been a frequent consumer once upon a time, although I was always older than anybody else. In gay liberation, I was thirty-five ; everybody else was in their twenties or students. And they accepted me, there was no problem with that, and I was always very grateful that there wasn't a problem. I think I was the only one that thought there should be, but there might be ; never was. We got along extremely well. They were not objects of my affection. I had a lover as long as I was around, and -- so I wasn't concerned, as objects of affection -- that never became a thing. But Doug worked for an airline, and I couldn't get out for a date, so I got a dating service, called a dating service, and Doug responded (inaudible) from Chicago. He worked for an airline, so he flew out, worked for Pan-Am at that time, which was still in existence, and they flew out and saw me, and we were together after that. That was -- although it wasn't true. I told him the first time after about six months, I said, no, I'm sorry, I don't think we're going to be lovers. I proposed to him on New Year's Eve, 1981, and we got together after that, and stayed together for another, actually, eighteen years, altogether. He told me, unfortunately, on the anniversary of our first date, which was the one he met me -- that was one of our two anniversary dates -- the oldest one, because it's when we first met, and then when I proposed to him, was the second anniversary date -- one for each of us, essentially -- but that was important to him. It was quite a relationship. Doug had a -- and he was a warm, friendly, funny person that I needed. That really gave me a lot of space. And he was so supportive in terms of just being who you are, and I thought that that was love. I thought that's what love is all about, it's just being so accepting, and it's really, it's okay. We were fine with what we were. And Doug got a little bit impotent. He got to be diabetic. I got to be diabetic after, I don't know, about fifteen years ago, but it was long after he had, and he got to be impotent, and that was a bit of a barrier, a bit of a difficulty for us. But not enough to end the relationship. It didn't for many years. But I think I ultimately tired of it and our lack of sexuality. When I went to college then, I went to junior college in Texas, and enjoyed that thoroughly, so much that I just kept going, and going, and going. Ultimately ended up at Shippensburg University to graduate, which I hadn't done before. And I never told him I was in college the first time. I just saw -- had three years of Moravian, and never told anybody -- I never told the college that I had this education. And I'd gone to junior college in Northampton and in Lehigh County, both, I was going to schools at the same time at the same year, because my job was ending -- my job at Shawnee Penn was getting worse, and worse, and worse ; they were laying me off more and more times. And I knew that I needed educational background to back me up in terms of shipping, in terms of, what is, transportation, engineering. And they had a degree at Northampton Community College in Bethlehem. So I went there. Met Doug about that time. That was right after all that business with the eighties, when we started the gay line. And he came to me the end of that year, the first time. Happy life. He worked for airlines, he worked first for British airways -- I'm sorry, he worked for Pan Am, which is an international airline, very famous, very famous American, and Pan Am was famous for innovating travel routes for every country in the world, virtually. But they would go anywhere -- they had rights to fly everywhere, as the pioneering international travel agency, especially for the United States, and they just kept furthering on that basis. So it's a big company, but it was also -- when they deregulated the airline industry, it couldn't manage, because it had been regulated all those years, and they had union wages everywhere, and difficulties that they just couldn't overcome because they had been under such regulation, and couldn't make the shift to do it. So he started to work for British Airways, and an interesting story: he had gone there, and the first time, they didn't hire him, so the people -- all the Pan Am people that had gone over there went to the office and protested, and said, "We want to have this guy. He's really good." I mean, Doug was a good agent, was a good reservation agent. So they hired him, and then moved to Texas, then he had to go to Texas, then they moved his job, and ultimately outsourced the entire thing. That's when he retired in 2000 then, because they were getting rid of those reservation agents ; it was cheaper to do it by hiring people in India and so on. And so we were -- he retired after we had sold the house, moved to Plattsburgh, New York, to be with his lover in Canada, in Quebec, Canada, which is fifty miles away from Plattsburgh, and went weekly to see him. They traveled back and forth across the border, never lived together, but were often together, until they weren't anymore. They ceased being lovers per se, although there was still a lot of love between the two of them. And Doug made a very deliberate decision. He told me that, you know, "This is over. I'm sorry, but it's over, never to happen again." And I had to accept that, and did. But I stayed, then, another year and a half, to get the house ready to sell, et cetera. We painted everything, and, you know, did what we could for the house. When we went to Houston, there had been a large gas recession which hit Houston very, very hard. There were a lot of homes on sale ; a lot of homes were in foreclosure. So many people were underwater in terms of their mortgages. This was '80, and it had happened in '78. So they were still in depression, in '80, when -- in '87, and it still was affecting the Houston market heavily by the time we went there in '90, '91. And we finally -- we took a year to find the house. It wasn't foreclosure, but it was in a nice area, nice house, for a very cheap price. In Houston, they never had basements, okay, so everything was built on a slab, much less expensive. You didn't have to deal with winter, you didn't have to deal with cold, so houses were differently constructed ; they were a lot cheaper, since their construction -- And we bought a house, a nice house, for about eighty thousand dollars, four bedroom, in a nice area, which was -- they had sold it -- the house was -- they bought the house for that, thirteen years before, the people had bought the house for the same price that we paid for it, so they did nothing. We made better when we sold it. We sold for a hundred and three, I think, to a nice Hispanic couple. I remember that because the next-door neighbor was a white guy, was on the school board, and I told him I had sold the school to the Hispanics, and he said, "You sold to students? You sold people that have students coming to my school? You dared do that? Hispanic people?" I was incredulous. I really had no idea, but I've always known that they had a lot of -- that the people there in Houston were not very nice to Hispanics. San Jacinto was the main street, they called Jacinto, not Ya-cinto, no changing to Y, they wouldn't do that. It was called Jacinto. Which was just the attitude they had, that everybody was an entrepreneur, everybody -- they had a Spanish grocery store that was looked down upon like crazy, wonderful store. It was practically a Wal-Mart's in a grocery store, and they sold clothes and all kinds of items that would appeal to the Spanish community, and were heavily supported by the Hispanics. Boy, they just looked down on them terribly. Did not do that in San Antonio, where his brother lived, did not do it elsewhere in Texas. But there, they were. They were very, very prejudiced. We had a happy life in Texas. Good place to live for us. Suburban life, we adopted that entirely. Had to drive everywhere in Texas, anywhere you went. Six miles to the grocery store, six miles to everything, and Houston was sixty miles one way and seventy miles the other way. It was huge. Not my favorite place. MF:So we're right at the end of our time, and so may I ask one more question before we end the interview? I'm wondering if you could talk a little bit about the Elder Initiative that you've been involved in. JB:Okay, I work with a group. I had these papers that I didn't know what to do with. I had all these papers from forty years ago, forty, then, forty something years ago, forty-three or forty-four, from 1969 on, relating to all the organizations in Pennsylvania that I knew about, that were in existence at that time. And I did cover them as well as Ron could have, because he was -- I told you he was down at the mailbox, and he got all the mail. But I had a lot of papers relating to a lot of groups, and a lot of things to do with conferences, all of the papers, for instance, we had all the -- turned in -- all of the people that had gone to the conference. We knew everybody that had attended, and paid prior to and at the conference itself. We had that entire (inaudible) papers, all the workshops, anything we'd done in workshops, all the programs, all the meetings we'd had in connection with it, et cetera, and all these different groups, and all the caucus notes, often, sometimes the attendance sheets. It was five feet of space. Half of it was newspapers. The Philadelphia Gay News, Pittsburgh Gay News, and some (inaudible) -- Pittsburgh and Philadelphia were owned by Mark Siegel -- and both of them -- and were the same paper, pretty much, and I think he ultimately dropped the Pittsburgh paper, because it was most of the same news, with some local stuff. The group -- I wish -- now I can't think of -- the guy in Lancaster was the newspaper of the gay scene out of Lancaster started out, and one of the members of that group by the name of Dave -- oh, I forget -- took over the newspaper and renamed it. It became the rural newspaper, and it wasn't ours. We did our own newsletter, but he operated a rural newsletter, a rural base, for all of us to state. And it was like the necessary news, you wanted to know what was happening among all the groups, you wanted to know what was happening in the state and local and national news, and you could read this newspaper, because that's what he reported on and made a specialty out of reporting those -- having that knowledge of what was going on in activism. And I had all those from beginning to end -- no, I'm not sure I had them all. I had a few of them, the beginning ones, but I had all the later ones, and turned those over, and that was half the collection. What was also so mad, because (inaudible) way back in the sixties, when that was new, before the Stonewall, and before there was MCC, I had the first advertisements to that. Troy Perry had put in the newspaper and said, "I'm starting this church," and then when he founded the church, and as MCC grew, I was very interested in that. I'm an atheist, personally, but I've always had very strong supporting about people who had to answer that question ; I did, too. And my answer was atheism, but certainly the religious conflict was very strong with me. I thought about becoming a minister, with lack of anything else to do ; I didn't know what the hell I was going to do, if it was teaching, or a minister, or anything, and I was going to Moravian College, which had a seminary connected with it, Moravian Seminary, and I was very strongly tempted, but my answer -- and I had gone in high school to -- the two people I came out to, one was my minister at the Presbyterian church who was quite negative, and a supporter and an advisor to what was called MLA, which was Young Masons, essentially ; it was sponsored by the Masons. They said it was no connection outside of the sponsorship -- you did not automatically become a Mason, and in no way you had to apply the join the Masons ; you had to apply to join the MLA, too, 1421. And I went to an advisor there. I loved MLA, I was quite taken with the whole moral outlook thing about being a good person, a strong value system for me, and I believed in it very strongly. So that was the other first thing I went to, and he was neutral. He was a single man who was the advisor, [Levin's mother?], and I was good friends with another advisor ; I was good friends with his son, and went often with them to Allegheny River, and so on, in high school. Whatever. What was the question while I start this? Are we done? MF:I think we'll just close now, but let us close on tape ; we'll wait for Carol. So I just want to say thank you so much, Joseph, for speaking with us again, a second time, in two days. We're so grateful that you would share your stories. JB:Thank you. I really appreciate it. I wanted to -- I wish I remembered more -- the actual names of people. I just felt very -- I felt they were important in my life, and that supportiveness was important to me, okay, to be able to do what I could, and I knew that we were creating a miracle, and it was clear that we were during a unique time in history, when -- Pennsylvania was its own story. There were fifty stories in fifty states, and how we began to move out from the cities. It had only been in Philadelphia and in Pittsburgh originally. Philadelphia had the Jane's Society, and the Homosexual Law Reform Society. Pittsburgh had a Persad Center, which addressed the health issues, and Le-Hi-Ho, when it was first founded, was very strong on the draft. Vietnam was very important, and the question was, do you check the box. Ron took care of all that. That was his particular forte, do you check the box or do you not. And the organization was formed on, you know, (inaudible) that important issue, as a resource for it, and it was the resource with schools, because there wasn't anything else. We had a library that people were able to use, did a lot, which is, again, the impact of Le-Hi-Ho, that was part of the impact. We had a regular lending library that was very active. Every meeting, they took the books. I ended up with the books in my home before I left for Chicago. I had the books for about a year in my house. I don't remember how I inherited them, but there was nowhere else for them to be housed, and I handed them off to another member, ultimately, before I left. I don't know what happened. That was '83. I don't know when Ron left town. It wasn't then, because in '83, I was still going to Le-Hi-Ho, and he must have been there. He left town after that. (inaudible) why he no longer housed the library. They kept the non-book files. Maybe the books would be too much. There were boxes, and boxes, and boxes of books, about four-hundred or more, four-hundred or five-hundred books. I think there were five- hundred books, about that. I had grown considerably from when I had it, and a lot of people donated a lot of other funds, papers, academic works, I no longer had access for. And I didn't have those papers. MF:Thank you so much again. JB:Thank you, thank you, thank you. I really appreciate it, and again, I'm sorry that I didn't get to name more people, because they were the important -- they were why I wanted to do it, to remember -- their contributions were enormous. So many, so many, so many people, you know, organized and participated in those conference. So many people came to our meetings and did what they could for us in the lobby days when we lobbied the state capitol several times, supported us in every way, you know, gave us money while -- we were creating a miracle. We knew what we were creating, and I saw it when I went to that concert in Chicago. They were singing for us. (inaudible) people. (inaudible) us. MF:Well, I think part of what has made this project so important for us is that we want to honor -- JB:People have asked me, do you think we ever made a difference? Yes, absolutely, we made a difference, and I saw it when I went there. That was -- Chicago was everybody that moved to Chicago, okay, was not native, and I was non-native. But they formed these two -- there were two choirs in Pennsylvania. The one that I saw in the first concert was the show choir that had just started that year, and they did this wonderful theme of Yellow Brick Road. Going into the concert was really special. I wanted to do a choir way back when. I thought that was -- one of the first things I thought of -- Le-Hi-Ho, wouldn't it be wonderful to have this musical group that just got together -- that was (inaudible) days, that was folk song days, and people -- everybody sang folk songs, folk songs were very, very popular all over the airways, and everybody was singing, and playing, and learning songs, and learning those particular songs. So it would've been natural for us to do, but there was no -- I certainly didn't have the ability. But I loved choirs. I thought it would be great to have some sort of event and singers like that. Couldn't do it, so it was done for me, and I really -- that's been a great joy, to watch both the choirs -- Harrisburg fortunately has a men's and women's choir, not combined, separate, and Mary Antero was in charge -- the treasurer of that county, and her lover is the president of the organization. Wonderful choir. Have grown to about thirty, forty voices, and rejuvenated themselves in the last couple years, and have become the better choir, while the men's choir has been going down and now reforming itself into a new group. It had been the stronger for a long time ; now, the women's choir has come up powerfully. Very wonderful concert that I had -- an organization for -- they did -- interspersed people of color and refugees, all refugees from all over the world, and they sang the songs -- their country -- the way they combined, I thought, was genius. They did a combination of singing the songs of those countries first, and then -- in a foreign language -- and so that the chair had to work in a new language, very difficult music, and that they wouldn't have known anything about ; did a superb job. And then they interspersed them with the people who read their stories, who had written out the stories of the countries they had come from and their struggles to get to be refugees acclimating to America and that sort of thing. It was a wonderful program, really, really special, and the right way to do it, and I had no idea how are you going to combine this. It was splendid, really good concert. And so I just printed all the programs I could get and sent them north to everybody that I -- sent to everybody that I could get to, this is how you do this. This is the way to do this concert. Splendid. MF:Well, I think we've taken up enough of your time on a Sunday. JB:Oh, no, no, thank you. Thank you so much, and thank you for the bagel this morning. MF:Oh, thank you. JB:Enjoyed it thoroughly, and I've enjoyed our time together. Thank you. MF:So have we. JB:And I wish I had satisfied more for you in terms of personal -- I don't know if my personal was as interesting as what I wanted to talk about, which was the activities. We were a very active state, and an exciting state, and I was so lucky to be a part of that, inspired by it, totally inspired. My God, we used to go plugged in in New York, once a year ; the first time, there were eleven thousand people, the first march, in 1970. It grew to hundreds and hundreds of thousands. There were one of a million (inaudible) didn't get it for Stonewall Fifty. I don't think that -- I don't know what the population was, but they were going to try for a hundred, I knew. That would've been exciting. And we had -- Danny -- we had tickets to go, and he got sick. I couldn't go, so I sponsored a bus for him to take some people, you know, I had to sponsor a bus. I gave him money for two people, thirty-six or forty bucks, to Central Park. That was a great day, great day. That's when the movement really was born. They combined to one lane of traffic, and we just got longer, and longer, and longer, until it was 11 blocks long. More blocks than eight blocks. I don't remember. There were just blocks and blocks of people coming up this single lane of traffic. Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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01:53:05
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Joseph Burns (Part 2), October 13, 2019
Description
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Joseph Burns shares stories of Le-Hi-Ho, LGBT activism, and personal relationships.
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LGBT-08
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2019-10-13
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video
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley
Description
An account of the resource
This collection began in 2019 with the initial goal of collecting ten oral histories from older adult LGBT people in the Lehigh Valley. Topics explored include the childhood experiences of LGBT people, experiences within educational and religious institutions, coming out stories, understanding of the gay liberation movement (1960-1980s), experience of the early years of the AIDS epidemic and AIDS activism (1980s-present), and experience with the fight for marriage equality. The project has been a collaborative effort among faculty and librarians from Cedar Crest College, Lehigh University, Moravian College, Muhlenberg College, and members of the local community, under the direction of Dr. Mary Foltz, Associate Professor of English at Lehigh University and Co-Director of the South Side Initiative. <br /><br /><em> The project was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.</em>
Oral History
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Interviewer
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Mary Foltz
Interviewee
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Bob Wittman
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https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/ohms-viewer/render.php?cachefile=LGBT-02.xml
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The Morning Call
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5.4 August 23, 2019 Bob Wittman, August 23, 2019 LGBT-02 01:37:42 LVLGBT Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository This oral history recording was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg The Morning Call Le-Hi-Ho AIDS Bob Wittman Mary Foltz video/mov WittmanBob_20190823_video.mov 1.0:|25(2)|52(11)|71(9)|92(12)|115(3)|132(18)|163(12)|182(12)|199(12)|222(2)|239(14)|260(14)|279(13)|296(5)|315(7)|330(7)|353(3)|372(8)|389(12)|412(2)|431(10)|448(13)|465(17)|482(16)|501(5)|516(16)|533(17)|550(13)|567(16)|586(8)|605(9)|624(5)|641(6)|658(11)|679(2)|698(4)|715(15)|732(14)|749(11)|772(3)|787(15)|806(17)|823(17)|842(5)|861(13)|882(13)|901(15)|922(15)|945(9)|966(7)|991(3)|1010(13)|1033(3)|1054(6)|1077(11)|1098(9)|1113(11)|1132(7)|1151(3)|1170(2)|1189(10)|1212(19)|1231(8)|1254(7)|1273(6)|1294(13)|1313(6)|1332(11)|1351(8)|1372(14)|1393(2)|1414(7)|1435(18)|1450(10)|1473(11)|1492(5)|1511(11)|1528(10)|1551(2)|1570(9)|1591(5)|1610(8)|1629(10)|1648(9)|1665(5)|1682(13)|1697(6)|1716(15)|1737(6)|1752(8)|1771(4)|1788(11)|1807(6)|1818(14)|1837(17)|1860(8)|1877(16)|1896(5) 0 YouTube video < ; iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/USlSpmxUSIQ?rel=0" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0"> ; < ; /iframe> ; 0 Interview Introduction MARY FOLTZ: -- when you’re ready to go.
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 ; CAROL MOELLER: Okay, ready. 
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 ; MF: My name is Mary Foltz. I’m here today with Bob Wittman to talk about his life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This project has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We’re here in Bob and his partner Frank’s home in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on August 8, 2019. [Carol Moeller?] is our videographer today. Bob, I just want to thank you so much for your willingness to talk to us today. I’m going to ask you to introduce yourself by just stating your full name and then spelling it for us. 
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 ; ROBERT HENRY WITTMAN JR.: My full name is Robert Henry Wittman Jr. My last name is -- confounds everybody, and I’ve spent my whole life correcting people and it is W-I-T-T-M-A-N. No relationship to the poet or the candy company.
 ; 0 81 Childhood / Family MF: Right. To start our conversation today, I’m going to ask you to share a little bit about your childhood. Could you describe the early years of your life for me today? 
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 ; RHW: Well, I was born in Allentown, grew up here. I really spent my whole life here. As a matter of fact, the only time I had not lived in Allentown is the two years I spent attending Syracuse University from which I graduated in 1975. Other than that, I’ve been here all -- my whole life. And I was born in Allentown Hospital. I grew up in the South Side of Allentown, and my jobs have always kept me here. I always thought maybe I’d escape and move to a place that might be very different from Allentown, that was always kind of an attraction to find that, maybe move to the big city, but jobs always took precedence -- that and my relationship. 0 377 Growing Up in Allentown MF: So I’m Mary Foltz. I’m back with Bob Wittman, and we’ve just been talking about his -- some of his childhood experiences. I’m going to ask Bob, could you tell us a little bit more about what it was like to grow up in Allentown? 
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 ; RHW: Very different than it’s like growing up in Allentown today I suspect. There were three big, interesting department stores downtown, there were multiple movie theaters, there was some live theater. We still have some good restaurants but it was a very different place. A little of the old business activities may be coming back with some of the new development but -- so it’s beginning perhaps to look a little bit like it did in the old days. 0 1002 Life in Syracuse / Introduction to Gay Freedom League RHW: I went to Syracuse, and I discovered even before I arrived in some of the materials that came to my house over the course of the summer, kind of pre-registration materials or pre-arrival materials, and there was list of campus organizations, There must have been a hundred of them, ski club and chess club, debating club, you name it. But there was also something called the Gay Freedom League. So that was really my first introduction to gay people -- not just the gay movement but gay people. Gay Freedom League 0 1739 Coming Out to Family MF: This is Mary Foltz, and I’m back with Bob Wittman. He has just finished discussing his experiences at Syracuse University. And so I wanted to ask a question that kind of goes back a little bit about when you described coming out to your parents. Could you say a little bit more about how they responded when they found out that you were gay and living with another gay man while you were attending Syracuse University?
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 ; RHW: Well, their reaction to me and their -- the way they dealt with me and responded to me being gay has definitely evolved. I think they were just as uninformed about it really as I was, less so clearly. So none of us really had any framework to discuss it or much context to put it in. I can remember saying things I would never say now, but I’d say things like, “Why don’t you just view this like I have a drug addiction and it is part of me and it’s something you have to deal with?” 0 2175 Working at The Morning Call RHW: Actually, my plan was never to return to Allentown. I was a journalist, it was the era of Watergate, all of that had unfolded really while I was in college. There was the Washington Post and the New York Times and that’s where every young kid graduating from college with a journalism degree wanted to end up. So I was eager to get out into the world, and I didn’t really think Allentown was going to be a good stepping-stone. I had worked at the Allentown Morning Call really since the time I was in high school. I got a job, a part-time job there. And when I was a college student, I discovered that the Morning Call had an opening in the news department for what, in those days, they used to call a copyboy The Morning Call 0 3131 LGBT Reporting from The Morning Call MF: This is Mary Foltz. I’m back with Bob Wittman, and he has just described for us meeting who would become his partner Frank at the Morning Call offices. And he has also just described how Frank really knew about Bob from a series of articles and knowing that Bob was publishing about an organization called Le-Hi-Ho. Bob, I’d like to ask you about your coverage as a reporter of LGBT organizations like Le-Hi-Ho. How did that come to be a focus of your journalism or how involved were you on reporting on LGBT issues at the Morning Call? 
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 ; RHW: Well, I was a general assignment reporter, which meant that I covered a lot of municipal governments. Oh, God, I received almost just everyday a different assignment to do a different thing. However, you could do or you could suggest -- editors encourage you to suggest special projects, special stories that you wanted to work on, something you’ve heard about in the community and thought important to give it some coverage. I was pretty closeted at this point at the Morning Call. Le-Hi-Ho ; The Morning Call 0 3726 Meeting Liz and Trish / Local LGBT Politics RHW: So for instance, the Allentown -- so a group of people had been interested, including some people early, early on in Le-Hi-Ho had been interested in adding equal protection language to the city’s human relations ordinance dealing with gay and lesbian people. But Allentown City Council was just always, always, always really, really intransigent, until a young woman arrived on the scene here in Lehigh Valley, by the name of Liz Bradbury and her partner Trish Sullivan. Liz was not a person who was going to sit back and let things take their course. She really wanted to take things in hand and push the envelope. Allentown Anti-discrimination Ordinance ; Gail Hoover ; Liz Bradbury ; Trish Sullivan 0 4127 Reporting on AIDS Crisis RHW: And actually, I was the guy doing a lot of the reporting of the city hall debate while all this was going on. But another episode that happened during that time was the AIDS crisis was breaking. I can remember picking Frank up in his apartment before we were living together on a Saturday morning, I think it was, and we were about to head off to make a day trip to Philadelphia. This was among the first months of my relationship with Frank. We weren’t even really calling, I’m pretty sure, that we were even lovers. AIDS ; Brian Foley ; The Morning Call 0 4553 Work with Le-Hi-Ho MF: This is Mary Foltz, and I’m back with Bob Wittman. He was just telling us a little bit about his work with the Morning Call and some of the pieces that he has written that were focused on the LGBT community in the valley. Bob, I think this is a good segue to talk about your work with organizations like Le-Hi-Ho. So perhaps you could tell me, how did you get involved with Le-Hi-Ho, and what were the aims and goals of Le-Hi-Ho when you were involved with that organization? 
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 ; RHW: When I graduated from college and came back to the Lehigh Valley, the -- if you wanted to experience gay life, I mean go look for gay life, you had basically two options: You could go to a gay bar, and there weren’t many of those, two or three, or you could go to Le-Hi-Ho. Le-Hi-Ho used to kind of bill itself or least many of us thought of it as the alternative to the bars. Clint Miller ; Le-Hi-Ho ; Mattachine Society ; National Gay and Lesbian Task Force ; Paul Kendall ; Paul Reeder ; Ron Seeds 0 5100 Other LGBT Organizations RHW: Actually, the two Pauls I just mentioned, Paul Kendall as he was retiring as a geology professor from Kutztown University, decided to give himself a retirement project, and he pretty much single-handedly with the backing of Le-Hi-Ho, organized and opened a gay community center at Eighth and Hamilton. The Bradbury-Sullivan Center is a latter-day version of that. Sadly, it’s not a descendant of it. The community center didn’t become the gay -- the Bradbury-Sullivan Center. But for a few, brief glorious years, the Lambda Center at Eighth and Hamilton Street flourished. I’m trying to think what other organizations were founded, and I’m struggling a little bit to do so, but I think there were a couple of others. AIDS Services Center ; AIDS Services Committee ; Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Community Center ; Lambda Center ; PFLAG 0 MovingImage Bob Wittman describes his life growing up gay in Allentown, reporting at The Morning Call, and the LGBT community within the Lehigh Valley. MARY FOLTZ: -- when you're ready to go. CAROL MOELLER: Okay, ready. MF: My name is Mary Foltz. I'm here today with Bob Wittman to talk about his life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This project has funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We're here in Bob and his partner Frank's home in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on August 8, 2019. [Carol Moeller?] is our videographer today. Bob, I just want to thank you so much for your willingness to talk to us today. I'm going to ask you to introduce yourself by just stating your full name and then spelling it for us. ROBERT HENRY WITTMAN JR.: My full name is Robert Henry Wittman Jr. My last name is -- confounds everybody, and I've spent my whole life correcting people and it is W-I-T-T-M-A-N. No relationship to the poet or the candy company. MF: (laughs) Could you please share your birthdate with us? RHW:I was born on May 15th in the year 1953. MF:And prior to beginning this interview, you and I sat down, you read through a consent form, do you consent to this interview today? RHW:Yes, I absolutely do. MF:Right. To start our conversation today, I'm going to ask you to share a little bit about your childhood. Could you describe the early years of your life for me today? RHW:Well, I was born in Allentown, grew up here. I really spent my whole life here. As a matter of fact, the only time I had not lived in Allentown is the two years I spent attending Syracuse University from which I graduated in 1975. Other than that, I've been here all -- my whole life. And I was born in Allentown Hospital. I grew up in the South Side of Allentown, and my jobs have always kept me here. I always thought maybe I'd escape and move to a place that might be very different from Allentown, that was always kind of an attraction to find that, maybe move to the big city, but jobs always took precedence -- that and my relationship. But I had a very good childhood. You asked about my childhood ; I had a wonderful childhood. It was a pretty normal childhood. I was part of the great, big baby boom generation. My parents bought an almost brand-new house on the South Side of Allentown that was built right after World War II. My parents were the World War II generation. They moved into a neighborhood with people exactly like them, all working-class moms and dads with young children. There must have been about twenty of us who were all around the same age, and my backyard was their backyard and vice versa. We just ran from property to property on the South Side of -- on the North side of South Mountain. So we had connection to the woods and the South side Reservoir, Waldheim Park, eventually Mack Pool when they built it. So these were some of my landmarks of childhood. My family's somewhat small. I have no siblings, my father had none, my mother had two, so the immediate family was pretty small, but we were very, very close growing up. And I attribute whatever happiness I've found in life to the fact that I had a very, very strong family. You know particularly, these days, and the life I've led since, I've met people who didn't come from that kind of background. In fact, it seems it's hard to find people who have a childhood they can look back on and say, "Wow, it was really a good time." So I've really come to appreciate as an adult actually how really blessed I was. I had an aunt and uncle who had a summer home, a second home at Lake Wallenpaupack in the Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania, and it was just a wonderful place to spend time, and I spent my whole childhood conniving ways to get there. My aunt was very generous with allowing me to be a guest frequently. She gave me a week every summer that was Bob's week to come to the lake and be with my cousins and enjoy the lake. But to tell you the truth, every carload that was or every car that was going from the Lehigh Valley to Lake Wallenpaupack, I was always hoping I might get a call, "Hey, does Bobby want to go along?" because that was a place I really did a lot of growing up. There were sailboats and water -- motorboats and waterskiing, and it was just really a terrific background I have. CM: Okay, can we pause please? Sorry, I just have to check real quick. (inaudible) There's nothing going from the audio. MF: Oh, I see. CM: The mic to the... That's what was bothering me before. It wasn't quite right. But we can make up the audio you've done so far with the TASCAM mic or just the camera I think. MF: Yeah. CM:Not to worry. MF: Okay. CM: Much better. MF: Okay. CM: Okay. MF: All right. CM: Okay. MF:So I'm Mary Foltz. I'm back with Bob Wittman, and we've just been talking about his -- some of his childhood experiences. I'm going to ask Bob, could you tell us a little bit more about what it was like to grow up in Allentown? RHW:Very different than it's like growing up in Allentown today I suspect. There were three big, interesting department stores downtown, there were multiple movie theaters, there was some live theater. We still have some good restaurants but it was a very different place. A little of the old business activities may be coming back with some of the new development but -- so it's beginning perhaps to look a little bit like it did in the old days. But anybody from my generation can remember things like Hess's department store on a sale day when people hundreds deep were waiting in front of the front doors when the store opened in the morning. I lived on the South Side of Allentown sort of distant from the downtown but as a young boy, I learned to ride the city's public buses, the transit system. It was nothing at all for me to hop on a bus and run into town on the middle of the day and catch a movie or meet friends and just run around the department stores, getting into not too much trouble but really using that as almost a playground too. I still dream about it. I know some people who have maybe come later and they're a little impatient with some of us who can't get over the Hess's days. I confess, I still dream about it, you know it was really a marvelous, marvelous place. We've been talking about a childhood growing up, and I guess I'm making it sound quite idyllic. And in its background and in its foundation, it certainly was, but I was a young man who was trying to grow up and trying to develop. And so there were also a lot of challenges that were in the foreground during my experience. One was the fact that, actually, I wasn't a very good student, and this was a terrible problem for me. I was surrounded by bright people. My cousins, I have mentioned earlier from the Lake Wallenpaupack, were my best friends, and they were very, very good in school, all straight-A students both of them, and I wasn't. I was going to be the first person in my family to go to college, and some of my grades by the time I got to high school suggested that that might not work out that way. On top of that, there was the Vietnam War, which began when I was a little, little boy, and I can remember asking my father at some point, "Dad, am I ever going to have to get sent over there?" And he said, "Oh, this will be over long before you're of draft age." Well guess what, it wasn't. Although by the time I did reach draft age, truthfully, they weren't drafting many American boys anymore. They pretty much wound down the draft, and the next year, I got a very low draft number. But I didn't know that growing up and so a couple of things were working to really disturb my sense of well-being, and they were all interrelated. I mean there was Vietnam and kind of a consequence of not having good grades and not going to college was maybe going to Vietnam. So I felt I had to get good grades, so I would not have to go to Vietnam. So those two were definitely related to one another. And then increasingly, it dawned on me that I was different in another way as well. I didn't really know what that was at the time. I thought I was the only person in the world who felt the way I did. And it's hard to imagine that you could feel so lonely and isolated given the world that we have today. But it was a very difficult thing for me to deal with, with being gay. I mean actually, I like the idea of being gay. I just found that the world had no idea what I was feeling, and there was no context for it. I mean it simply was not in the paper ; it wasn't discussed. You might pick up a reference to gay people, to homos, to fags, that kind of thing in street conversation and family conversation but certainly not in any positive context. There were no role models. There was no media buzz about it ; there was just nothing. So it was my own feelings about friends I had and why wasn't I growing up and developing attraction for girls when they started to. So the growing up was a mixture of these very good times and when I felt I had good, strong support and then also wondering what would happen if some of these other things didn't work out. Like little Bobby didn't grow up to want a family and a wife and children. What if little Bobby didn't grow up and wasn't able to go to college, what would he do then? So those were some of the challenges I faced growing up. The fact is, in time, they all worked themselves out pretty much. I didn't have the good grades to get into a good college, but what I did was I marshalled my brain resources, and I enrolled in the community college, Lehigh Carbon Community College. I spent two years there, I got an associate's degree, and I grew up enough academically that I was prepared to go on to a big, four-year college. I had a really good experience at "L-Tri-C", as we call it here in the Lehigh Valley, Lehigh Carbon Community College, LCCC. I got good grades ; I made the dean's list. I joined an academic trip to the Soviet Union only a year or two after it opened up -- was opened up by Richard Nixon's -- President Nixon's trip there. I really had a good experience. I might also say during all this period of time at the community college, I also had a girlfriend, a very nice young woman I met through a mutual friend who's my age. I actually stole her, and we had a good time dating during the years of my -- kind of the final months of high school and my -- the first two years of college while I was at the community college. She was a student at Moravian College, so we were basically two home living -- still-at-home-living college students, so we shared that in common, and I think really enjoyed each other's company. I will confess, it took me months to kiss her for the first time. I think she knew that that signaled something. However, once I did kiss her, I kissed her a lot, and I found I enjoyed it. But I also found I really liked her brother who was a year or two younger. And after we separated to go to on with our education -- me after two years at the community college. I graduated from there, and I transferred my credits to Syracuse University from which I graduated in 1975 with degrees in journalism and political science. My girlfriend also had decided for her own reasons to transfer from Moravian, and she went on to Susquehanna University. In her case, I think it was mostly she wanted the experience of not being a home student, a student living at home and so she talked her parents into the transfer, so we're both transferring at the same time. After I was in Syracuse just a few weeks, she got a -- I received a letter that -- from her that said, "You know since we're not going to be seeing each other for months at a time now while we're both away from school, I hope you think it's okay if we date other people." And truthfully, I was very happy that she's made that suggestion because I was ready to start dating men. I went to Syracuse, and I discovered even before I arrived in some of the materials that came to my house over the course of the summer, kind of pre-registration materials or pre-arrival materials, and there was list of campus organizations, There must have been a hundred of them, ski club and chess club, debating club, you name it. But there was also something called the Gay Freedom League. So that was really my first introduction to gay people -- not just the gay movement but gay people. So I was mighty intrigued about this, and after I got the letter from my girlfriend, I decided I wanted to try to reach this organization. You know this is pre-computer days, so you did everything by mail, and the different campus organizations maybe had offices. This one actually did, and it also had an office address. So I sent a letter to the Gay Freedom League from my dorm room, and it was answered by the postal system. The letter came back to my dorm room from somebody who was sort of helping to coordinate the Gay Freedom League. I don't know that it had any one leader. It seemed to me it had sort of a collection of people that haphazardly ran this organization. So the man asked me if I would like to get together and talk, and that's exactly what I wanted to do. I think he gave me his telephone number, and I nervously placed a phone call to him, and we set a date to meet on campus. I wish I could remember the guy's name, but he was about as different from me as you could imagine. I mean I have short hair now -- I had short hair back in college then -- he had hair down to his waist. I mean this was the age when there still were hippies, and he would've easily been classified as a hippie. He was quite out, and of course, I'm very nervous about this whole project I'm embarking on. I think we met at the campus coffee shop. And we sat across from each other in a room crowded with other people, and he started saying, "Well, and there's nothing wrong with being gay and if you're gay and" dat, da, ra, and he's very loud. I just felt like everybody in the room was looking at us. He discovered my discomfort and so we walked to an academic building, actually the school of music, which had a great, big auditorium. And you could almost always go in there and sit with your books and study and listen to students rehearsing on the organ or the piano upfront. So that's what we did, and that's where we had a really good talk. He also detected that he was quite different from me, and he said, "You know there's somebody new that has come in that is new to Syracuse also like you, and he's actually not a student. He works for the university, but he's just a year away from being a student. He's a year out of college himself, and he's gay. He's much more straightlaced, more like you. I think you'd enjoy knowing him." So sure enough, he followed through, even before I had a chance to react or anything, and before I know it, this guy is knocking on my dorm room door. I was a little surprised at the forcefulness of this guy's entrée to me, but nonetheless, I came to appreciate it. His name was David. He had just been hired after giving up in graduate school at that point. He had been going to Columbia and left New York City because actually he was gay, and he had been having trouble dealing with that and academia and so he decided to go jump-start his career. He had planned to go into like college development work and so he secured a job at Syracuse in the publications office. I guess his plan was he was going to take some graduate courses at Syracuse and so forth. It wasn't long before he enlisted me in a college project, a campus project, a school project to update, which they did every year, the campus handbook. I was still a student in my first year at the college, and now suddenly, I'm being offered the editorship of the college handbook. I've been doing some house cleaning here recently, and I came to discover I actually saved -- I didn't now, I threw them out a week ago, but I saved my pay stubs. I forgot I got a little stipend of about fourteen dollars a week for working on the college handbook. But one thing led to another. David and I became pretty close. The guy who introduced us turned out to be dead right. We did have a lot in common we discovered or at least in our outlook in life, in our hopes and dreams and that sort of thing. So he became really my first serious gay mentor. Along about this time, now mind you, I'm, uh, a freshman, junior -- how does it go? Freshman, junior, sophomore, senior, is that correct? So I was a sophomore I was in my third year of college, but my first year at Syracuse. That first year at Syracuse, I lived in a dorm with another roommate who, over the course of our months together, realized all of a sudden he was living with a gay man. He didn't quite know how he felt about that. I mean we've stayed in touch, and we're friends to this day, but at first, it was a little bit of a shock. And it happened around the end of the school season, and he said, "You know I think I'd rather find another roommate for next season." And truthfully, I was headed in that direction anyway, but very quickly, what developed is the acquaintance I've made, David suggested that the two of us can find an apartment together off campus. And that at that point appealed to me greatly, so we did that. It was quite fun, my first time doing this, it almost felt like a little gay couple finding an apartment and sign the lease and so forth. And so I came home from the summer looking forward to the coming year. My action really sent alarms to my family at home. They were a little surprised that I was mo-- well first of all, wanted to move out of the dorm, and secondly, that I was moving in with someone who was not really a student but an employee. My father amazingly, who was a well-connected guy, went to the trouble of doing some background checks on David and managed to find out that he was gay and presented this to me that he had found this out and asked me if I was. So that brought everything to the fore. I, over the summer, have been trying to think of ways to tell them, and in fact, I kind of gave him maybe a reason to look into his past because I had broached the idea to everybody, my parents and to David, to maybe make a visit to Allentown over the summer, you know, "Come visit, stay overnight." It never happened, and we never even had gotten close enough to even talking about a date. But in the meanwhile, my father made this discovery and decided -- you know, it seemed at the time that he didn't really want to be very nice about this. Nonetheless, what was he going to do? I was going back to school in a few weeks, the lease was already signed, this was going to be my friend. I assured him that he was a man of enormous decency. And I guess they gave me the benefit of the doubt, and the year unfolded as I intended it should. Eventually, they met David, they took him out to dinner, they... You know he made some lovely pictures of us in the backyard of the building we lived that still are around in frames on coffee tables at home. But what they really didn't realize, what David was giving me. David worked for the university, and it turns out, David worked for a gay man, and that gay man reported directly to the chancellor. So all of a sudden, I had this perfect opportunity to be around, seeing their homes, socialize with some really rather accomplished gay people. This wasn't the hippie that took me into the loft of the music school for a private chat. This wasn't a guy who walked me through the cemetery and wanted to make love to me, I guess, amidst the tombstones. This was a guy who, you know, met his friends for cocktails and brunch on Sunday mornings and sat there together with his friends. And they read the New York Times and talked about big things, big topics, big things in the news, big things going on, on campus, campus politics, campus business for that matter. So I wound up having a really interesting, unique, and I think a really beneficial time at Syracuse just because of the way that all worked out. So why don't we end it there? (break in video) MF: This is Mary Foltz, and I'm back with Bob Wittman. He has just finished discussing his experiences at Syracuse University. And so I wanted to ask a question that kind of goes back a little bit about when you described coming out to your parents. Could you say a little bit more about how they responded when they found out that you were gay and living with another gay man while you were attending Syracuse University? RHW:Well, their reaction to me and their -- the way they dealt with me and responded to me being gay has definitely evolved. I think they were just as uninformed about it really as I was, less so clearly. So none of us really had any framework to discuss it or much context to put it in. I can remember saying things I would never say now, but I'd say things like, "Why don't you just view this like I have a drug addiction and it is part of me and it's something you have to deal with?" I imagine I used that negative concept in trying to reach them, so that's why I say none of us really had the words, the language because it wasn't discussed. I mean nobody did. Families weren't talking about this in these day-- in those days. My father in many ways was my best friend, but he was a difficult man. He was a marine. He was a little insecure about his own fabric as a person, his own composition. Not the sexuality I don't think, although maybe sometimes my mother speculated about how confident he was. I always thought my mother was kind of the more sympathetic of the two but in a way I found I couldn't really discuss with her. It hurt her. It hurt her feelings, you know something -- she might likely cry. My father on the other hand would run sort of hot and cold on it. He could be my best friend about it or a real obstacle to me trying to deal with it. I mean, at one point, he'd say, "You know I was in the marines, and when I was in the marines, it seemed to me everybody in the navy was gay. Maybe you should join the navy." And other times, we'd talk about things, and he would let me get very candid, and he could be very sympathetic and then other times, it was just... I don't know, it was just something he couldn't deal with. He was quite proud of the family tree and family traditions. He became a bit of an amateur genealogist, and suddenly, the family tree stopped with his son, so it would seem, and so it did as a matter of fact but... With him it was -- it never really resolved itself to a place where I'd say I was comfortable with it and he was comfortable with it. When I was a young man, he developed cancer. He was a heavy, heavy smoker and so this was maybe not a surprise. He eventually died of lung cancer, but he had lymphoma in the mouth and that from cigarette smoking. So he was dead by the time he was fifty-nine, and I was probably, at that point, how old would I have been? I guess I was in my thirties. I had already met Frank, my partner. We haven't talked about yet today, but I think we probably will. But while we're on this story, suffice to say that Frank came into my life, and I met him through the newspaper. He became a work colleague of mine as well as my lover and partner and eventually my husband. And my father really liked Frank. My father loved history, and Frank's background is in history. He's a historian by academic training and by profession. All of the work he did for the newspaper we worked for, for the Morning Call, were feature articles about local history. So this gave my father always something to talk to Frank about, and he loved Frank for that. So Frank really helped break down, I guess, some of the mystery of what it was like to be gay. They did tell me after I introduced Frank to my parents that I came walking through the door -- walking in the backyard I guess it was with Frank at my side, and I was apparently just beaming. I don't think they quite fully understood until that moment that this was somebody I really cared about. He wasn't just a friend I wanted them to meet. So he really did help bring a lot of clarity to my relationship. My father passed on, sad that that was, and then it was just my mother and me. And gradually over the years, she became completely accepting of it. In 2013 when we decided, for a lot of practical reasons mostly, that it made sense for Frank and I to get married. We did, and we asked my mother to be our witness. We did it in New York City in the marriage license hall of the city clerk's office. And my mom bought us both carnations for our lapels, and we said the vows, and she was very excited to be a part of all that. So that's why I say it really did evolve. But this all began at Syracuse, and I didn't know where it was going to go when I left Syracuse and returned home after I graduated. Actually, my plan was never to return to Allentown. I was a journalist, it was the era of Watergate, all of that had unfolded really while I was in college. There was the Washington Post and the New York Times and that's where every young kid graduating from college with a journalism degree wanted to end up. So I was eager to get out into the world, and I didn't really think Allentown was going to be a good stepping-stone. I had worked at the Allentown Morning Call really since the time I was in high school. I got a job, a part-time job there. And when I was a college student, I discovered that the Morning Call had an opening in the news department for what, in those days, they used to call a copyboy. It was just really kind of an office boy. Before you had computers, you had real paper that stories were written on, on typewriters, and those pieces of paper had to be carried physically to an editor who edited. After he was done editing that piece of paper, it had to go upstairs to the composing room to be set into type so that paper had to move around, and copyboys provided that motion. Eventually, I used that copyboy position to become a summer intern who wrote stories, kind of acted like a reporter and... So by the time I went away to Syracuse, I actually had -- to work on a journalism degree, I actually had real-life experience going out and covering a municipal meeting, like maybe the Coplay Borough Council or Upper Saucon Township Zoning Board. I mean it these were tiny, little meetings in the meeting hall sometimes so rural, they were hard to find. But nonetheless, it was real journalism. You know the stuff got printed in the newspaper the next day. So, obviously, I had to quit the Call to go to Syracuse. I couldn't continue to work there part time at nights and on weekends and summertime when I had to be four hours away and then in central New York attending classes. But I left in good terms, and fortunately, they arranged a summer internship between my junior and senior years. And then after I graduated, they still didn't know if they had an opening for me. They said, "Come back and be a summer intern yet again, and we'll see what happens by the fall." Fortunately by the fall, they had an opening and sort of, in a way, the rest is history. I remained there for most of the rest of my career. I certainly didn't intend to. I thought I was just going back there briefly. For a few years, I'll work there. It was going to be a good job. As I was graduating from college, I applied to a lot of places, and after I was working for the Morning Call for about a year, I got a call from UPI, United Press International, the wire service. It's now out of business. I mean it's a good idea I didn't link my career to its vessel but um... So I thought I might not -- no, I didn't think I might. My goal was always to not stay at the Morning Call. Although I liked the place, it was my hometown newspaper, I'd made friends there, my plan always had been to move on. My friend David that I mentioned who was so much of a mentor to me in college, the man who worked for the university and with whom I later enjoyed an apartment the final year of my time at Syracuse wound up in California, eventually in San Francisco, exactly where a gay person wanted to be at that time. So for a long time, a few years anyway, I thought I was going to end up working for San -- in California working for a newspaper. I did a lot of job hunting out there. Being gay helped actually. As it turns out, David had made a really good friend of the man who was no less than publisher of the Sacramento Bee and a couple of other papers in like Fresno -- they're all named Bee -- and guess what, he was gay. So David arranged for me to have an interview with the publisher of the Sacramento Bee. In San Francisco -- no, not in San Francisco, that's where he lived. So he took me out to dinner, we had wine. I mean how -- who gets to have an opportunity like this? And I probably, had I continued to press him and press that opportunity, I probably could've wound up working in Sacramento later that year or the next. But in the meanwhile, I'd met Frank, and that really kind of put the brakes on stuff. Actually, it was Frank who recommended that I take the train to San Francisco to kind of what turned out to be that last trip I made job hunting and then when I had the dinner with C. K. McClatchy, publisher of the Sacramento Bee. He said, "You had gone by airplane so often, why don't you take the train?" and it turned out to be a wonderful experience. Unfortunately, I should've taken him along, then it would really have been a good experience. I did it alone. I had worked for the Morning Call after I graduated from college for about eight years before Frank arrived. And, um, his arrival was part of an effort that the publisher of the Morning Call, at the time, was making to really change and transform the newspaper. The Morning Call in those days was owned by a family. Now, it's owned by -- actually, I think it's owned by a hedge fund, but eventually it became owned by the Times-Mirror Corporation of California, the publisher of the Los Angeles Times. And later, they sold, and it was purchased by the Chicago Tribune organization. But when I started there and when Frank joined the newspaper, it was still owned by a local family. They lived in the Parkway, they drove to work, they ate at the Pennsylvania restaurant, and it was a very folksy operation. The publisher, an older man, Donald Miller, Donald P. Miller, a real patriarch of both the newspaper, and his family had decided early on that his son would take over the news business, and the son was quite interested in doing so. He spent his academic career preparing for it, and his father fixed him up with some good training jobs at other places to sort of groom him to be publisher. And when Donald Miller got to be, I don't know, up in his sixties or seventy or something like that, he decided it was time for his son Eddie to take over and so he began giving more and more responsibility to Eddie. First, he gave him a position as executive editor, and eventually, he sort of said -- the publisher said he would step back and let his son Edward become -- the title he chose for himself -- editor and publisher. So it was during that period that Frank and a whole lot of other people were hired by the son. And he really wanted to transform the paper and make it something more than just a small, little, local, hometown newspaper. He wanted it to win awards, and he wanted it to have a top-notch staff, and he wanted it to have a national reputation. So he hired a lot of people including Frank. The problem was he spent a lot of money real quickly, and his father just didn't understand the program that the son was embarking on. And they had immediate and ongoing conflicts over the budget and over priorities and just how to run a newspaper. Eddie was not in an enviable position, that's for sure. I mean, his father (laughs) was an interesting man. I'm glad he wasn't my father even if he would've afforded me all the opportunities that Don Miller was able to afford his children. They didn't get along, and eventually Eddie quit. And as things were becoming unraveled, this sort of experiment of bringing in a whole lot of outsiders to beef up the paper and add some real editorial muscle to the staff was petering out. The young people he brought in, many of them said, "Wow, you know, this isn't going to work out in the long run, maybe we shouldn't be sticking around here as long as we thought." And so the Morning Call became during that period a real springboard for people to jump on for a year and jump out and go off to a place like maybe the Philadelphia Inquirer or the Washington Post, New York Times maybe, big-city newspapers. Those of us who watched this all come in and watched all these people leave, we gave the -- this crowd of newcomers who didn't stick around too long, gave them the epithet, the boat people. This was kind of a springboard off of what was happening in current events at the time. There were a whole lot of people trying to escape Cuba and were taking life rafts and leaky boats and unlicensed vessels just to be dumped near American shore, and they'd wade to shore and then... It was during the Carter administration, and they became known as the boat people. So we cynically called our colleagues the boat people who were sort of shipped in and came in and made a whole lot of noise and did some flashy things and then, boom, all of a sudden, they were gone. Well, Frank was one of the last people that Eddie hired before he came in one morning with a screwdriver and took his -- unscrewed the nameplate from his door and threw it on his father's desk and said, "I quit." Frank was actually hired not to be a reporter but to be a researcher. He came from a background of working in the state archive for the state of Missouri. He had trained for that in his -- in college. He had a degree in history and so he was good at looking at records and find his -- finding his way through piles of research. So he was going to be a researcher, and Ed Miller, the son of the publisher, eventually the publisher, had figured out he was going to put a team of people together that would be an investigative team. There was going to be kind of a permanent editor and so permanent copywriters. The reporters would move in and out as projects changed, and Frank would be a permanent researcher assigned to this unit. Well, it never got off the ground. Eddie quit right after Frank arrived, and suddenly, a whole bunch of new people were running the newsroom. And eventually, they came to Frank and said, "What do you do here?" By then, I guess I had met him. I was not one who liked necessarily the -- some of the drama that had attended -- you know, Ed Miller's attempts to transform the newsroom. Some of us who were there all along and hoping for these things felt a little bit left out. So some of it was personal, but some of it was just, wow, there's so much noise and so much coming and going, I just need to do my job, and I was focused in that way. So one day -- the story I like to tell -- I was sitting at my desk. I had some downtime. Another reporter was sitting literally on my desk, the corner of my desk, the two of us were talking. And suddenly, out of the periphery of my eye, I see this little guy walk across the newsroom carrying a great, big stack of books. And I said to Joyce, the other reporter, I said, "Now, who the hell is that?" And she said, "Well, that's Frank, that's Frank Whelan, you don't know Frank? He's been here about a month, Eddie hired him, he's going to be a researcher," and explained this whole thing. I said, "Well, I don't know. No, I haven't met him," and that was that. And I didn't want to meet him. But then one day, I'm sitting at my desk, early one morning just reading the paper waiting for the workday to begin in earnest, and I look up, and there's this guy, Frank, who's pointed out to me a few weeks before, standing in front of me. "Hello, I'm Frank Whelan, I work here at the Morning Call" and then he proceeds to say, "I see you've done some articles on an organization called Le-Hi-Ho. I would like to get to know some of those people." The way he said it, I knew exactly what he was saying, I'm gay. And I took a gulp, and I said, "Oh, you would? Let's go have some coffee." So we walked down to the company cafeteria, and we had coffee. We had dinner that night, and we kind of have been together ever since. There you go, a good place to end. (break in video) MF:This is Mary Foltz. I'm back with Bob Wittman, and he has just described for us meeting who would become his partner Frank at the Morning Call offices. And he has also just described how Frank really knew about Bob from a series of articles and knowing that Bob was publishing about an organization called Le-Hi-Ho. Bob, I'd like to ask you about your coverage as a reporter of LGBT organizations like Le-Hi-Ho. How did that come to be a focus of your journalism or how involved were you on reporting on LGBT issues at the Morning Call? RHW: Well, I was a general assignment reporter, which meant that I covered a lot of municipal governments. Oh, God, I received almost just everyday a different assignment to do a different thing. However, you could do or you could suggest -- editors encourage you to suggest special projects, special stories that you wanted to work on, something you've heard about in the community and thought important to give it some coverage. I was pretty closeted at this point at the Morning Call. I mentioned that Frank figured it out, but when I first started working there eight years before I met him, I was extremely nervous about it, about anybody finding out. I avoided the subjects and really tried to hide it. You know I'm human, and you want to be friends with people, and you don't want to keep everything away from everybody, at least I didn't, so I mean I did tell some of the reporters. There was another reporter, big, actually African American, utterly heterosexual, lover of women to the end of the day, I wound up being friends with and told him that I was gay. And it was John Clark who suggested, "Why don't we do a story on gay people in the Lehigh Valley?" And I guess my reaction was like, "Really, you mean there's more than one, there's more than me?" But I guess I knew that there were others.I knew about Le-Hi-Ho. I'd been to a few Le-Hi-Ho meetings. So we suggested it to the editors, and they said, "Yeah, go ahead, do it." You know, looking back on it, it was really poorly done compared to things that I did later, but this is what Frank found. I think it was probably like three to four stories. They were all very, very short. There was none of the kind of in-depth -- you know finding a person and creating a story of that person to tell a larger story. That's what we really should have done, but we didn't. It was kind of superficial reporting. Nonetheless, nonetheless, that is absolutely the first local reporting that was ever done on the gay community. There may have been references to homosexuals being arrested or even -- maybe even political activism in other communities in New York City, places like that, so these have been wire stories but a local story, no. One of the other reporters, an old guy, awfully nice guy, but he sort of heard this, what John and I were working on. In fact, he asked us and said, "So what are you two guys working on?" We told him, "We're working on a story on the local gay community." He kind of, hmm, sniffed and, "Well," he said, "I guess Allentown has always had its queers," and walked away, so... But that's the story Frank found. In subsequent years as gay people and the gay movement and then eventually AIDS became more and more a topic of people's conversations and more a topic of legislation, it therefore became more of a topic of local news. So, you know, a lot of that reporting fell to me just because one, two, three, four, who's available here today. But in time, as I came out more and more and editors understood that I was actually a resource on this subject, then it came to develop that I was actually assigned stories because I was gay. And I liked that. I mean, I was proud of that. The Morning Call, my editors were looking to me as somebody that they could trust, that here's somebody who understands the community. He's got some connections, he can get the interviews, he can get the information. So to that extent, I did wind up doing an awful lot of reporting especially on the gay community, on gay events and so forth. At the same time, I was being a little subversive. Reporters are not supposed to dabble in... Actually, reporters are not supposed to have private lives period. That's the way some editors and some editors that I worked for viewed the way things should be. I always had a little trouble with that. For one thing, I'm a restless guy and I'm impatient, and one of the reasons I got into the news business is because I wanted to change the world. And it was during the time of Watergate that I was going to college and so there was -- imbued throughout journalism was this idea that a good news story could effect change, so... But I wanted to take it a step further in terms of gay people. I just felt that they had been so underrepresented in the news in the past that I wanted to make sure that kind of the movement move forward. And if I could do anything as a journalist, I wasn't going to stand in the way. So I did a lot of things that my editors would have not approved of had they known. I just did it very quietly. I mean I was reporting on in some cases, but in other cases, I've befriended gay people, some people who wanted to be active. I mean some of these were Le-Hi-Ho. But that actually was not -- although it was the Lehigh Valley's first and really one of the nation's first and longest enduring gay organizations, it wasn't actually politically, politically active. I mean the very fact that it existed was political you might say. But it didn't try to get certain candidates elected and other candidates defeated. You know, it just didn't work in that way. The people who were involved in Le-Hi-Ho weren't involved in it because they were political people. However, other people came along later who did want to get involved in politics, who did want to see Allentown and the other local communities pass human rights ordinance that contained language about protections for gay people, equal treatment for gay people. And those people, of course, I wound up knowing as a newspaper reporter in part because they were people that we're reporting on and the things they wanted to do and accomplish, but at the same time, I gave assistance to. So I really blurred lines, but my bosses never really knew it, and the people that I was reporting on respected me more for it. So for that reason, I never thought it was a problem. Actually, I had a thirty year running debate with my editors about how involved a reporter could be. I always maintained that I could be as political as I wanted just so long everybody knew where I was coming from. So what difference does it make if Bob Wittman is a liberal Democrat reporting on a conservative Republican mayor for instance? As long as the conservative Republican mayor knows that Bob Wittman is a liberal Democrat, but he's going to give the Republican mayor a fair shot on everything he tells him, which I did. So to me it was -- I didn't really see myself as violating ethics policies in the way I behaved. I knew exactly how far I could push this and how far not to. And only a few times did I ever say, "Hmm, I probably went a little farther than I should, but hopefully, nobody will find out." So for instance, the Allentown -- so a group of people had been interested, including some people early, early on in Le-Hi-Ho had been interested in adding equal protection language to the city's human relations ordinance dealing with gay and lesbian people. But Allentown City Council was just always, always, always really, really intransigent, until a young woman arrived on the scene here in Lehigh Valley, by the name of Liz Bradbury and her partner Trish Sullivan. Liz was not a person who was going to sit back and let things take their course. She really wanted to take things in hand and push the envelope. Liz was a little naïve at first, but, boy, she was a quick learner, and I was one of her teachers. For instance, she thought it would just be an easy thing. It sounded logical to her. If you made a logical argument to logical people, they should see the logic and pass logical legislation. But Liz, this is emotional, it's not just logical. And so her idea that "Well, why don't we just go and propose this to city council in the right way, the proper way and in a becoming way?" and I said, "No, I think you need to do more. You need to get people on your side before you take that step, you know get the lawyers on your side, get the doctors on your side, get other organizations on your side, get neighborhood groups on your side." And you know what, she did that. She spent two years, three years, I don't know how many years doing exactly that. She published her own community newspaper for the gay community and right down the center of it on page one, was a growing list of organizations that supported Allentown -- the passage of Allentown -- of a human relations or human rights ordinance in Allentown. She's one step further. She enlisted an acquaintance, another woman, a lesbian to run for Allentown city council, and she won. She organized the, you know, local gay community, made sure people are registered to vote and got them to vote, made sure they voted on election day, and they elected Gail Hoover to be Allentown's first openly gay city councilwoman, city council person period. So now, they had at least one guaranteed vote on city council, so now it's a matter of persuading, what is it, six more I guess. Right now, Allentown City Council I think is completely Democrat, and I bet a human rights ordinance like this wouldn't have too much trouble passing. But in those days, the Democrats and the Republicans serving on city council were pretty even, evenly numbered. And even among the Democrats, these were pretty conservative people. But she began working on them kind of one by one, take -- meeting with them, going out for coffee, going out for breakfast, and that kind of thing. She finally got the council president. He's just passed away last week, David Howells, a former Allentown policeman. That's what his career was. Only in retirement did he get involved in politics. She convinced him. I thought it was a hard sell, but she convinced him. There's another guy in city council, David Bausch, never been married, always has a German exchange student living in the home, has a million-dollar, literally a million-dollar toy collection, antique collection in his house, rumored, always whispered about that "David Bausch must be gay." But believe it or not, he absolutely did not support the ordinance, so we knew that there was some uphill battles -- there was going to be opposition, there was going to be some support. So there are couple of key people right in the middle: One was a Republican by the name of Tom Burke, a bright guy, actually from Massachusetts, a retired Proctor & ; Gamble engineer whose big passion in life is golf. And that's really mostly what he cares about, but he does care about good government and good legislation. And he is one of these people that Liz was hoping everybody was, and that is somebody who could listen to a logical argument and make a logical conclusion and then embed that in legislation. So here's an instance when Frank and I probably stepped a little bit beyond the line of what we should've done as reporters. But we knew Tom was sort of sitting on the face on this issue. We invited him here to our house for a beer or coffee or something, kind of in the after-work time, time period. We sat outside on the back porch on a summer afternoon, and for a couple of hours talked Tom into voting, voting for it. I mean, he did leave here committed to doing it, and all during the open debate, nobody knew how Tom was going to vote until he voted. But in the end when it came time to vote, Tom voted yes. And it pushed it right over the edge. They only needed his vote, on more vote, he gave it, and there it happened. So it was pretty cool. You know that involves human or the human rights ordinance and kind of direct politics. And actually, I was the guy doing a lot of the reporting of the city hall debate while all this was going on. But another episode that happened during that time was the AIDS crisis was breaking. I can remember picking Frank up in his apartment before we were living together on a Saturday morning, I think it was, and we were about to head off to make a day trip to Philadelphia. This was among the first months of my relationship with Frank. We weren't even really calling, I'm pretty sure, that we were even lovers. We were just two men who worked together, and he was new to Pennsylvania, and I was enjoying taking -- spending weekends, taking him places and acting as tour guide. He got in the car that morning though all upset, and there's been a story in the New York Times about something they're calling a gay cancer. It's killing men in San Francisco and New York, and nobody has any idea why. So there was a wake-up call. But sometime later, you know, as we're watching this news unfold on two coasts, I got a call from an acquaintance, a gay man whom I knew slightly through like Le-Hi-Ho. And he said to me, "Would you be interested as a newspaper reporter doing an interview on a story with a local man who has AIDS?" Now you see, nobody knew that AIDS was anywhere but in New York and San Francisco. I'm sure people knew that there was evidence that it was elsewhere. But in people's minds, I'm pretty sure nobody thought it was really here or gave it much thought at all that it was something that the local community would be someday dealing with. But I, of course, was immediately interested in learning about this. I said, "Yeah, I'd love to." So it was arranged. They said, "The only condition is going to be that he wants to be anonymous," and I said, "Oh, it shouldn't be a problem. We do this a lot. The newspaper grants anonymity to people a lot when there's good reason and this is -- I'm pretty sure we can explain to editors that there's a good reason." In this case, the reason the man wanted to be anonymous is that he and his partner owned a sandwich shop on Hamilton Street, in the business district. And they were very worried because it was still a crazy, crazy time. Nobody knew, really knew what AIDS was. You know they... At this point, I don't think they even had the name HIV, had yet come into existence. They only knew there was this cluster of symptoms that people got, and they didn't know why. So there's an awful lot of fear. People may not realize it today, but I mean there were politicians, state legislators talking about maybe quarantine -- creating quarantine camps and the like the way they did for epidemics in previous centuries. So any rate, they owned a sandwich shop, their health care was all tied into their business that they had set up for themselves, and they really didn't want to upset any applecart. So that was their reason for wanting to be anonymous not really because they were timid or didn't want to be activists. They both turned out to be very much activists. So I agreed to the condition. I did the interview. My newspaper realized they had a good story and an important story, and they played it on the top of page one on the Sunday paper, which in those days, had a very, very impressive circulation. And it's the largest circulation of The Morning Call's newspapers on Sunday. I did the interview, I wrote the story, I turned it in. The young man that I interviewed for the story who had AIDS used -- chose his own made-up name, and that was Brad Edwards. So that's how it ran in the paper, Brad Edwards along with many follow-ups that came in days or not days but months and years later. I turned the story in ; my editor read it. I knew where it was running, but late in the game, my editor called me from across the room from his desk. I picked it up, and he said, "I don't mind that I don't know who your subject is that you interviewed, but I understand that you don't actually even know who Brad Edwards really is." He said, "I want you to know." He said, "You don't need to tell me, and we're certainly not going to publish it but I -- so I do want you to know who it is." So I said, "Well, okay," and I called up the subject. His name was Brian?, and I called up Brian. I didn't know who he was. I called up Brad (laughs) and said, "Brad, I'm afraid there's a problem. My editor thinks I need to know who you are. He doesn't need to know, we're not going to publish it." He said, "Well, you actually already know me. My name is Brian Foley," and of course immediately, I connected him with the sandwich shop and some of the other gay organizations that were beginning to blossom at that time. Brian became one of my very best friends. That's one of the only times in the news business that somebody became truly a personal friend, not just a good working acquaintance, somebody you'd bump into, maybe even go and have drinks with. I mean this was the guy that became my skiing partner, you know my -- or frequent dinner partner. One early or one weekend when there was snow falling and forecast of huge amounts, he came over with sleepers and spent a couple of days and just got snowed in with us. Just a wonderful, wonderful friendship developed out of that story completely unintended. (break in video) MF:This is Mary Foltz, and I'm back with Bob Wittman. He was just telling us a little bit about his work with the Morning Call and some of the pieces that he has written that were focused on the LGBT community in the valley. Bob, I think this is a good segue to talk about your work with organizations like Le-Hi-Ho. So perhaps you could tell me, how did you get involved with Le-Hi-Ho, and what were the aims and goals of Le-Hi-Ho when you were involved with that organization? RHW:When I graduated from college and came back to the Lehigh Valley, the -- if you wanted to experience gay life, I mean go look for gay life, you had basically two options: You could go to a gay bar, and there weren't many of those, two or three, or you could go to Le-Hi-Ho. Le-Hi-Ho used to kind of bill itself or least many of us thought of it as the alternative to the bars. Le-Hi-Ho, people who would say, "Well, what's Le-Hi-Ho?" Well, it's an alternative to the bars. It met once a month on a Sunday afternoon at the Unitarian Church then located in Fountain Hill at the end of a shady, tree-lined lane. I attended a few of the meetings after I graduated from college and I was living here alone and looking for that gay life, but I didn't find much that really attracted me. I'm trying to remember what some of the programs were that they had every week -- every month. When they had the Sunday afternoon event, there was usually a program speaker. The only one I do remember and remember myself being a little furious at even attending is -- was -- it was a kind of a macramé demonstration, how to do macramé. Everybody in those days were making macramé wall hangings and things like. Well, I couldn't have been -- could have cared less about macramé, and it seemed to me a rather stereotypical thing for a bunch of gay men to be doing on a Sunday afternoon and I just... Frankly, I didn't go back. The macramé event I think sealed it for me. Le-Hi-Ho was started by -- I think it had some greater purposes than macramé believe me. Ron Seeds, the guy who started it did so at the height of the Vietnam War. I was talking about it earlier how it affected me and my outlook on life growing up. Ron was looking at it really as a standpoint of a gay person, what do gay people do. So he really created Le-Hi-Ho to provide information -- what your options are if you're a gay person and you're about to be inducted into the United States Military, the US Army. By the time I became involved with Le-Hi-Ho, the war was pretty much over, and draft resistance was a thing of the past and so Le-Hi-Ho had kind of become just, I think, really largely a social organization. There was certainly no political aspect to it. They didn't bring in political speakers. There was no... Maybe they brought voting materials or I should say voter registration materials to meetings. They might have gone that far, but otherwise, it was not political at all. When Frank came to town, as I mentioned in our previous discussion a few minutes ago, he mentioned to me that he was interested in getting to meet some of those people. So I'm pretty sure we went to the following meeting the very next meeting that would've occurred that -- whatever month that was when he came out to me at work. And you know what, he discovered that it was kind of the same thing like I warned him. However, not long after that, we got a notice through the mail. Le-Hi-Ho put out a regular monthly newsletter, as I recall, and maybe even some meeting announcements in between times, I'm not sure. But at any rate, we heard about a speaker that Le-Hi-Ho was bringing to the Lehigh Valley an old activist, a female, a lesbian I think from The Mattachine Society days by the name of Barbara Gittings. They knew that this would be kind of a special, special event bringing in a speaker like this, so they secured a hall at Muhlenberg College instead of the hard-to-find Unitarian Church at the end of the tree-lined lane in Fountain Hill. And Frank and I attended, and to our surprise, to our amazement, it seemed like a whole new Le-Hi-Ho was taking over. The man who stood in front of the audience that day and introduced Barbara Gittings, introduced himself as the new president of Le-Hi-Ho, and he had identified himself as Clint Miller. He was standing there in a sharp, three-piece suit, and I was just completely blown away. Frank and I came back and said, "Wow, what a difference. You know, maybe this organization is really going somewhere." I'm not sure what would've happened next, but what did happen next is we bumped into Clint and of all places the ACME. And we all decided right then and there that we should be friends and so we did. And after that, Le-Hi-Ho and my friendship with Clint and some of the people that now were occupying Le-Hi-Ho kind of merged into just one. Le-Hi-Ho still didn't quite know what to do with itself, what it should be. Clint Miller and some other I'll mention... Clint is still alive, quite vigorously so, but two other people I'll mention who have passed away were Paul and Paul, Paul Kendall and Paul Reeder, two college professors near retirement age by the time we got to know them and then did retire. This and a couple of women, Susan Schellenberg and her partner eventually Catherine Ziel and a few other men, I could go on and on, but formed kind of a core of friendship and commitment to Le-Hi-Ho. As I started to say, we still didn't really do too much as an organization. We still didn't really get involved in politics, none of us. As a newspaper reporter, I was probably -- or I should say I was -- probably had more interest in politics than anybody but as a newspaper reporter, I was the one who was in the least position to be able to really act on getting -- pushing Le-Hi-Ho in the direction of politics, so. But, what -- one of the things it did do though is it left itself open and receptive to the aspirations of other people to create organizations and create community. So somebody came to us and wanted to form a local chapter of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, and Le-Hi-Ho decided that it would be a really great idea to help them. We didn't want to become the local chapter of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, but we figured the Lehigh Valley was plenty big enough to support Le-Hi-Ho and that group, and so why not? Actually, the two Pauls I just mentioned, Paul Kendall as he was retiring as a geology professor from Kutztown University, decided to give himself a retirement project, and he pretty much single-handedly with the backing of Le-Hi-Ho, organized and opened a gay community center at Eighth and Hamilton. The Bradbury-Sullivan Center is a latter-day version of that. Sadly, it's not a descendant of it. The community center didn't become the gay -- the Bradbury-Sullivan Center. But for a few, brief glorious years, the Lambda Center at Eighth and Hamilton Street flourished. I'm trying to think what other organizations were founded, and I'm struggling a little bit to do so, but I think there were a couple of others. I think PFLAG may have had a foot -- been given a boost up by Le-Hi-Ho, but certainly, the Lambda or the Lambda Center as the gay community center back in -- I guess this would have been the 1980s and early 1990s. One thing that the Lambda Center did give birth to and hence, Le-Hi-Ho also gave birth to was the AIDS Services Center. I'm not sure if that still exists as a freestanding entity. I think in its latest iterations, it sort of fell into the fold of Saint Luke's Hospital, which is a good thing. But it began right in the living room of the apartment where Frank and I lived. Frank was on the board of the Lambda Center. Although I was deeply interested in its activities, I felt as a newspaper reporter -- not that Frank wasn't a newspaper reporter -- but as a newspaper reporter reporting on the community, reporting on politics, reporting on gay affairs that maybe I shouldn't be on the board of the Lambda Center. But Frank didn't feel that restriction. He didn't really report on the gay community the way I did and so he served on the community center board from the time it was created. The community center only lasted a couple of years, and I'm about to tell you why and how it went out of business. Soon after or around the time that the Lambda Center was forming, so was AIDS becoming a real thing here. In fact, the story I mentioned a few minutes ago involving the anonymous Brad Edwards, who eventually emerged as Brian Foley, that happened exactly contemporaneous to the operation of the center. I can even remember when that -- the night that that story appeared, there was a big event at the center, and I can remember sitting in the midst of a big crowd of people, everybody looking at me and saying, "Who is it? Who is Brad Edwards really?" Because the story said Brad Edwards is a made-up name. And, of course, I didn't say. Brad Edwards, Brian Foley was not in the room that night. There were other nights he was in the room, that room, however, interestingly. So after AIDS, after the story about Brian and then there were some other examples of AIDS fronting the newspaper began starting to pay attention to it, began asking doctors if they have cases, and began reporting statistics to see if -- to see what -- to report on what was going on. And then a prominent young man by the name of David Rodale died. David was the son of Ardath and Bob Rodale of Rodale Press. He was a gay man who was interested in theater and might have had a wonderful career doing that, but AIDS caught up to him and killed him very early on in the epidemic. Of course, his parents were stricken, and his mother was approached by the Lambda Center about perhaps making a contribution, and she was kind of intrigued. She knew about her son, of course, that he was gay, she loved her son. At the same time, being gay killed him so, I think she viewed it and so it wasn't an easy sell. She finally did give some money. It wasn't a small amount either. It might have been like ten thousand dollars. For that organization, it was a ton. In fact, it was probably more money than anybody had ever given them. But she specified that the only thing she wanted it to be used for was AIDS. Well, Lambda Center already had kind of an AIDS committee. I think they called it the AIDS Services Committee. But now suddenly, the AIDS Services Committee had money. In fact, the AIDS Services Committee had more money than the rest of the Lambda Center, and it became the classic story of the tail wagging the dog. I mean, eventually, the people who were running the AIDS Services Center formed a revolt, literally said, "We've got the money, we've got the interest, we've got the crisis, we've got the agenda. We think we should take over the center." So they did, and not taking over the center but transforming the Lambda Center into the AIDS Services Center. We were quite upset about it, Frank and I personally, Le-Hi-Ho as an organization. We remember Lambda Center needing to move out of their space in a great big rush all in one evening. These other folks were playing for keeps, and they wanted the space, they wanted our stuff out of there. There were several hundred books that formed the library and several cartons of information that formed an archive that needed to go somewhere in a hurry. Frank and I had just bought this house. It was sitting here rather empty at that point, and was only a few blocks away from the Lambda Center. So all that stuff was rushed here in a few cars with not much thinking, and here the stuff remained for many, many years after. To tell you the truth, that is kind of the end of my gay activism when the Lambda Center disappeared and became the -- you know it's -- what was left of it became the AIDS Services Center. After that, Le-Hi-Ho just kind of settled into what-do-we-do-next frame of mind, and they never really answered that question. More and more, the events, our meetings turned out to be just really rather intimate, personal meetings, dinners at each other's homes. We'd discuss a little business, we'd make note of how much was in the checking account, and we would kind of lament that Eighth -- that Le-Hi-Ho's role had been usurped by the course of events. And that's the way it kind of just petered out over the years. Eventually, the money that was in the checking account was withdrawn, and I'm trying to remember where we gave it. We had a meeting. I'm pretty sure it was just dinner at somebody's house. We sat around over wine and said, "Well who should we give these several hundred dollars to?" We made a good choice at the time, and everything came to -- you know it just kind of drifted and drifted apart. So there's lots and lots and lots more I could talk about, about being gay and growing up in a very changing time. But I've enjoyed what we have talked about today, and I'm hoping it's -- people who stumble across this in years to come will find it interesting. MF:I know they will. It has been such a pleasure to talk with you today, but let me just have two final questions quickly. I'm just wondering if -- do you know any people in the region that you really think we should have a part at -- have -- invite to be a part of this project or to give an oral history rather? RHW:Well, I think you've already acquainted yourself with some of the people connected with the Bradbury-Sullivan Center. And so some of those people like Liz and Trish date back to some of the years I'm talking about and so they certainly would. Many of us are getting old, and memories are becoming sketchy, and our voices are beginning to crack and dissemble on us. But the Clint Miller I mentioned is still a guy. He's in his eighties, but he's still -- he's working, and he's out and about every day, and he might be able to share some memories. Ron Seeds and his partner are up in Connecticut now, so they're a little removed but are still around and kicking. And I think still have good memories, good enough to be doing what we're doing here today, so they would certainly, certainly be two. I wish that Paul and Paul were alive because they would be terrific to talk to, but they are -- but they both have passed away. I'm drawing a blank. MF:Well, those are great, great names for us to follow up on. And I think I'll go ahead and close our time together simply by saying, it has been such a pleasure to hear some of your stories today. I have learned a lot both about reportage in our region and also Le-Hi-Ho and certainly activist organizations here. But I also love the stories about your childhood and going to Syracuse University, so I just want to say thank you. Thank you so much for being with us today. RHW:You're very welcome. END OF AUDIO FILE Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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01:37:43
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Bob Wittman, August 23, 2019
Description
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Bob Wittman describes his life growing up gay in Allentown, reporting at The Morning Call, and the LGBT community within the Lehigh Valley.
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LGBT-02
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2019-08-23
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video
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Title
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Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley
Description
An account of the resource
This collection began in 2019 with the initial goal of collecting ten oral histories from older adult LGBT people in the Lehigh Valley. Topics explored include the childhood experiences of LGBT people, experiences within educational and religious institutions, coming out stories, understanding of the gay liberation movement (1960-1980s), experience of the early years of the AIDS epidemic and AIDS activism (1980s-present), and experience with the fight for marriage equality. The project has been a collaborative effort among faculty and librarians from Cedar Crest College, Lehigh University, Moravian College, Muhlenberg College, and members of the local community, under the direction of Dr. Mary Foltz, Associate Professor of English at Lehigh University and Co-Director of the South Side Initiative. <br /><br /><em> The project was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.</em>
Oral History
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Foltz, Mary
Interviewee
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Whelan, Frank
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https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/ohms-viewer/render.php?cachefile=LGBT-01.xml
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Le-Hi-Ho
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5.4 July 23, 2019 Frank Whelan, July 23, 2019 LGBT-01 01:20:48 LVLGBT Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository This oral history recording was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Le-Hi-Ho The Morning Call Lambda Center AIDS Whelan, Frank Foltz, Mary video/mov WhelanFrank_20190723_video.mov 1.0:|25(11)|54(5)|75(6)|98(18)|117(15)|142(10)|167(16)|196(2)|221(6)|244(2)|267(9)|294(8)|317(5)|340(13)|363(11)|386(8)|413(5)|440(7)|465(13)|494(9)|515(14)|546(4)|571(8)|592(13)|615(15)|640(2)|665(12)|690(16)|711(6)|736(16)|757(5)|784(6)|807(10)|830(8)|853(7)|876(5)|895(13)|918(17)|941(12)|964(9)|989(10)|1014(2)|1035(2)|1060(4)|1083(5)|1104(9)|1125(17)|1150(16)|1171(8)|1190(18)|1211(15)|1232(12)|1253(13)|1274(2)|1291(15)|1308(11)|1329(16)|1354(10)|1375(12)|1398(8)|1421(8)|1444(13)|1467(14)|1494(4)|1517(7)|1538(5)|1561(7)|1582(12)|1605(4)|1628(12)|1653(6)|1674(5)|1693(10)|1716(17)|1743(15)|1766(13)|1791(9)|1812(12)|1831(7)|1850(2)|1875(3) 0 YouTube video < ; iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ncxuqg6zLeY?rel=0" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0"> ; < ; /iframe> ; 26 Interview Introductions MF: I’m Mary Foltz, I’m here with Frank Whelan to talk about his life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. And this project is sponsored by the Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Community Center and we are funded by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We are here in Frank and Bob’s home in Allentown and today is July 23rd, 2019. 0 93 Childhood / Family MF: Thank you. So, to really just start our conversation, I’m going to ask if you’d share a little bit about your childhood with us.
 ; 
 ; FW: Okay, I’ll fill you in as I can. I was born in Orange, New Jersey and I lived there only briefly. My parents got a chance to move to a home in Livingston, New Jersey, and in Livingston is where I actually grew up and spent most of my childhood life till I went off to college in 1969. I had a interesting early life. My parents were interesting people in a lot of ways. They were city people. 0 678 First Gay Experience / Schooling FW: Well, it was about that time when I was in, I guess, I was in Catholic grade school that I first got my first inklings about possibly being gay or whatever it was. I didn’t know. This was in somewhere between, like, the fourth or fifth grade. I had a friend, Martin, who I knew fairly well. He had some health problems and just they used to call a blue baby, as my mother used to say. And that was something that he had some, when he was born, he’d had some problems or his mother had had some problems with the pregnancy. But he was the first person I ever actually had contact with sexually. 0 1570 Encountering Gay Liberation Front FW: And in 1978, I graduated, I had gotten my master’s degree. In that interim, something happened that changed my life, totally. There was a man there, a young man who was working with me in the sociology department. He was a computer guy. He was married but he had been in the Air Force Academy and had left it because of some sort of cheating scandal or something like that. But he knew about computers, so he was handling the computers for this particular professor whose project I was working on. Gay Liberation Front 0 2101 Moving to the Lehigh Valley / The Morning Call FW: Meanwhile, my friend Walt Harrington had gotten a job here in Allentown with The Morning Call. And he was working very hard and got involved with the owner of the paper, was trying to change the paper. Paper in those days, in the early ’80s was really beginning to make a move, it was out of its provincialism. And the owner’s son was taking over and he hired Walt and a bunch of other people and they were doing really groundbreaking journalism stuff. The Morning Call 0 2308 Introduction to Le-Hi-Ho FW: Walt and I had a -- interesting relationship. But so, I did. I began to look in back about this local, this organization, this Le-Hi-Ho. I heard talk of it and I went to find out that a lot of these articles about Le-Hi-Ho and about the gay community were written by Bob Wittman. And so, one day, I went over to Bob and he was sitting at his desk and I said to him, “I see you’ve written a lot of articles about this Le-Hi-Ho organization.” And he said, “Yes?” And I said, “I’d like to get to meet these people, get to know these people. Barbara Gittings ; Le-Hi-Ho ; Paul Kendall ; Paul Reeder 0 2640 Beginning of Lambda Center / AIDS Services Committee/Center FW: But we got really interested in the gay things from there and Paul Kendall began the process of bringing forward the concept of the Lambda Center, a gay community center. He actually went on local television. He went on Channel 39 and they used to have a “Manager’s Chat,” they called it. And he came on and explained what this was about. AIDS Services Center ; AIDS Services Committee ; Lambda Center 0 3090 Inception of Le-Hi-Ho FW: One of the things I had not mentioned which I probably should had to do with the inception of Le-Hi-Ho. Now, I only know this because several years ago, about two years ago, Ron Seeds, who founded the Le-Hi-Ho, told me, sent me a letter. A fellow in New York named Dick Leitsch who was with the Mattachine Society, and Leitsch was very influential. Dick Leitsch ; Le-Hi-Ho ; Mattachine Society ; Paul Kendall ; Paul Reeder ; Ron Seeds 0 3269 More on AIDS Epidemic / Impact on Lambda Center & ; Le-Hi-Ho FW: So, now, have that on the record. Well, fast forward to 1984, ’83, ’84, and, of course, AIDS is now popping up. And this is the time period when a lot of people, wealthy individuals in the community who had lost their family members, in particular Ardath Rodale of the Rodale Press, her son, David, had died of AIDS and he had been in New York awhile and was very active in New York. AIDS Services Center ; AIDS Services Committee ; Brian Foley ; David Rodale ; Lambda Center 0 3835 Continuing LGBT Advocacy / Local Politics MF: So, what happens for you after Le-Hi-Ho closes its doors? 
 ; You’ve secured a place for the archive.
 ; 
 ; FW: Right.
 ; 
 ; MF: How do you continue to be involved?
 ; 
 ; FW: Well, I continue to be involved with consultations with writing about things about gays. I’m a little bit skittish about some things because, first of all, the younger people, I don’t want them to look that I’m interfering with them. I want to share this with you. So, this is something that -- the transition with Liz and Trish taking over the movement and basically, you know, they did -- excellent people, fantastic, what they did to getting the gay rights ordinance in Allentown. Allentown Anti-discrimination Ordinance ; Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Community Center ; Liz Bradbury ; Trish Sullivan 0 4200 Issues at The Morning Call Regarding Pride MF: Okay, I’m back with Frank and we just sort of talked about Le-Hi-Ho and some of the other political organizations in the Lehigh Valley that were working on LGBT issues and some of the tension between different people in the sort of broader Lehigh Valley LGBT movement. I wanted to sort of ask you if you could expand a bit on maybe the kind of Pride scene in the Lehigh Valley because Pride became a major -- you know, Pride of the Greater Lehigh Valley became a major organization.
 ; 
 ; FW: Right.
 ; 
 ; MF: Could you share a little bit of your thoughts about that organization?
 ; 
 ; FW: Well, that organization was a great organization and I have no problem with it at all. It was great. You had those parades, we had those events that focused around Pride. We haven’t been to one in a while because, well, we just haven’t been. But we felt very much, well, this is the story, my story of Pride, what happened to me involved with Pride. Pride ; The Morning Call 0 MovingImage Frank Whelan recounts his life as a gay man, the LGBT organizations he was involved in, his work as a reporter for The Morning Call, and it's impact on the Lehigh Valley as well as his life. MARY FOLTZ: [It's gonna do just?] -- go ahead and press play. Or record, rather. FRANK WHELAN: Record, good. (laughter) MF: Okay. Oh, and I should just remind you, I'm going to ask you to say your name and spell your name. And it's Whelan? FW:Whelan, yes. MF:Whelan. And I'll ask for your birthday and then I'm going to just ask you to confirm that you -- all right, well, I'm Mary Foltz, I'm here with Frank Whelan to talk about his life and experiences in LGBT organizations in the Lehigh Valley as part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. And this project is sponsored by the Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Community Center and we are funded by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium. We are here in Frank and Bob's home in Allentown and today is July 23rd, 2019. Frank, thank you so much for your willingness to be here with us today to speak with me. I'm wondering if we could start? Could you please state your full name and spell it for me? FW: Certainly. My name is Frank Albert Whelan, W-H-E-L-A-N, Jr. MF: And could you please share your birth date? FW: My birthday is October 22nd, 1949. MF: And earlier, before we started recording, did we go over a consent form? Are you consenting to this interview today? FW: I am consenting to this interview, yes. MF: Thank you. So, to really just start our conversation, I'm going to ask if you'd share a little bit about your childhood with us. FW: Okay, I'll fill you in as I can. I was born in Orange, New Jersey and I lived there only briefly. My parents got a chance to move to a home in Livingston, New Jersey, and in Livingston is where I actually grew up and spent most of my childhood life till I went off to college in 1969. I had a interesting early life. My parents were interesting people in a lot of ways. They were city people. They were from the 1920s and '30s people, when they were born, and the culture of the '30s and '40s in the cities of northern New Jersey, New York, Newark, East Orange was something that they a part of. That's how they approached life. My father had -- was an interesting life, his background. His father was the son of a man named Charles A. Whelan. This would have been my grandfather, my great grandfather. Charles A. Whelan was the founder of the Whelan drugstore chain and he was also the founder, with his brother George, of the United Cigar Stores. They were extremely wealthy, very, very wealthy by just about anybody's estimate. It was estimated, in 1920, that they were, my grandfather, my great grandfather, who was Charles A. Whelan, was actually worth fifteen million dollars, which was quite a bit of money at the time. And he had a lot of money and they threw it around, and his family. And they bought a lot of homes and they toured a lot and they did a lot of things and then the stock market crash happened. And although they were not ever having to worry about where their next meal was coming from, believe me, they were not as wealthy as they had been. The '30s were tough times for them. My father had two brothers and my father's brothers were a little bit rough on him when he was growing up. He was the youngest one. And my grandmother, not intending to, of course, used to embarrass him constantly by referring to him as Baby Frank. So, my father grew up, he was Frank A. Whelan, Sr. So, my father grew up sort of with this complex about masculinity, which we could get into at some point. But he was -- it was an interesting household they had. My grandfather was a man who collected art. He collected rare books. He had the money. His father had plenty of money and so he did this kind of thing. One year in 1925, for example, my grandfather gave his father, my great grandfather, a copy of Joseph Conrad's manuscript of a novel Joseph Conrad had written. And so, this is the kind of thing that you're talking about here. And my grandfather knew a lot of painters in New York. He knew Edward Hopper, he knew several others who wouldn't -- John Sheehan, Sheehan,(John Sloan) think his name was, and these were the kind of people that he mixed with. And I got a lot of my information and background and interest in arts and things from him. I don't know whether he knew it or not but I think he suspected, as I was growing up, because of my interest in other things, that I was gay. My grandfather was a bisexual and I found this out one day. I was, like, sixteen years old and he and my grandmother used to come up to our home in Livingston on Sunday afternoons. And it was my job to take the lawn chair out of the back of the car and set it up so that he could sit there because he had a bad back. And one day, I'm doing this and -- (phone rings) MF: Okay, you were right out, setting up the chairs. FW: I was setting up the lawn chair that he always used because his back bothered him and he felt uncomfortable sitting in that kind of a harder chair. And while I was taking it out of the back of the car, he looked at me and he said, "Frank, I think you and I understand each other." And I said, "Yes, Pop, I think we do," because at that point I already had the feeling of where I was going with myself. And he didn't say any word. Nothing. We never spoke of it again but that's what was going on. Well, my father was of a different type than his father. My father, he was present when the family money was disappearing and he didn't have that kind of money. Grandfather and my grandmother still had enough money to make themselves comfortable. They had a summer home at the Jersey Shore, they had an apartment in East Orange, but they did not pass much of that on to my father. One of the things that they did do was buy homes. My grandmother bought a home for my father and his brothers out of her money that she had in Livingston for each one of them. So, that was something because none of them could afford it. My father never went to college. He got out of high school. He was in the Navy during World War II. He's in a ship in the Pacific, an ammunition ship, which he always likes to tell us was going to -- lucky there was not an atomic bomb attack. He was lucky there was atomic bomb attacks on Japan, otherwise, he would've been part of the invasion fleet of Japan. And he used to like to say to me, "And you would not be here." So, (laughter) anyway, I was aware from him different stories about his growing up that his parents, although my grandmother worked very hard to keep them together as a family, raise their boys properly, nobody ever urged them to go to college. Nobody ever urged them to have any kind of -- it was just sort of assumed that they would have money. Well, of course, they wouldn't have money, so they would of had to start out on their own. My father met my mother in East Orange, New Jersey in the late 1940s after he got home from the Navy. Oh, here's a story I'd like to share that I forgot about about my father in the Navy afterwards. In 1946, he was in San Francisco and he was with a bunch of other sailors and they went to this club in San Francisco and this person was playing piano. And he always liked the music of Eddie Heywood, who was a pianist, jazz pianist, popular in those days. And so, where he first heard him was in San Francisco. But they were in this club and he was with his friend, one of his little more older and more knowledgeable sailors. And he saw this good-looking woman and thought, boy, isn't she attractive? And so, you know, as we used to say in the Dark Ages, put the moves on her. And there was this other woman around and, like, giving my father dirty looks, you know? And, like, just looking at him, like, you know, "What are you doing?" Oh, and that kind of thing. And my father is twenty and naive about the world, asks the friend of his, he says, "Well, what's her problem? What's the matter with her?" And this friend of my father's said, "Well, you're trying to pick up her girlfriend, for one thing." (laughs) And my father said, "Her what?" (laughter) So, you can imagine. This is where my father's experiences with gay things begin. And he and my mother -- I should tell you, my mother was a wonderful mother, very good. She was a wonderful person. She had a -- from a family that was nowhere near the social class of my father. And her father sold Beechnut Baby Food out of the back of a big Packard car he drove around in, because he was this salesman for Beechnut baby food. And they lived in various parts of the Northeast. They lived in New York City for a while, where my mother was born, by the way, in Brooklyn, in 1927. But she had her mother, my grandmother, her mother was not a very nice person. She was an odd lady. Eventually, she would drink herself into oblivion. But she used to pick on my mother and was very unfair to my mother. And so, my mother grew up with sort of an inferiority complex about this whole thing. Well, I, you know, sort of got that impression from things that I'd sort of picked up over the years about the way they acted towards each other. It was a strange -- So, she had a strange relationship with her mother. My father couldn't stand her mother, just drove him crazy. And she -- it used to drive my father crazy. They mutually drove each other crazy. But eventually, my parents' marriage worked out to the point where they did have eight children, I being the first one. And my brothers and sisters, we all kind of developed very distinct personalities. None of us was really very much the same. So, as I was growing up, I knew what I wanted in life was a quiet place to read a book and be left alone and not bothered. And so, my brothers and sisters will tell you today it they were here, they would say something like, "Well, you were always in your room reading a book. You were never out with any of the rest of us." Well, I thought, well, yeah, well, why should I be, you know? What's wrong with that? And you have your life, I have mine, that's it. What's wrong with that? But they kind of knew I was sort of strange. Well, it was about that time when I was in, I guess, I was in Catholic grade school that I first got my first inklings about possibly being gay or whatever it was. I didn't know. This was in somewhere between, like, the fourth or fifth grade. I had a friend, Martin, who I knew fairly well. He had some health problems and just they used to call a blue baby, as my mother used to say. And that was something that he had some, when he was born, he'd had some problems or his mother had had some problems with the pregnancy. But he was the first person I ever actually had contact with sexually. And he was another boy. I mean, we were both boys, we were roughly the same age. We were both about thirteen, fourteen years old. And I knew at that point what I liked and I didn't know what it was. I didn't really know, you know? This is what I like doing with somebody else, with another boy, but I don't know whether, I mean, is this okay? And then, over the years, I met some other boys who I did this with off and on. This was not heavy duty. This is merely a lot of mutual touching and that kind of thing. But I tried to work that through but I didn't know, you know? It was so confusing. People today, people assume a lot. They think gay people assume that people are gay, you know, that you can be gay and it's just okay and that's fine and that's cool and RuPaul and hallelujah and everything else. But I got news for you: in those days, it wasn't, especially if you were fourteen, because I was supposed to be interested in girls and I wasn't. I tried dating. I dated one girl, Christine. Very nice girl. Rather big but nice and she was a friend. I liked her as a person. And then, there was another woman that I dated, Penny, Penny Way. I knew her through a church group that I belonged to. But, you know, it really became clear that, to me, at least I understand that these women wanted me to do something with them that I did not want to do and I didn't know why I did not want to do it. And that was the strangest thing to be involved with because you were going, like, between one thing and between another thing. So, I was, like, what does this mean? What does this mean? Why am I having these feelings towards these men, that I don't have any feelings towards these women. And, you know, then, well, at that time, I began to realize that I was having wet dreams and problems and masturbating myself thinking about men, not women. And I thought this is odd. What's wrong with me? And my father -- everybody knew I was odd, you know? My father knew I was odd. So, of all things, he sent me down into New York. This was 1966, into New York, to a priest there. There's a Franciscan monastery in New York, and to talk to this priest, to straighten out my life or whatever it was. And so, I did this and I talked to this priest and I finished speaking to him and he said to me, "Well, you realize, of course, you're a homosexual." I said, "What? (laughs) What?" (laughs) And I said, "Well, what does that mean?" And he said, "Well, you know, this is what you are. And, you know, you don't have to be. You can do things. You don't have to get involved with sex. You can do things that make you sexually, blah-blah, you have to recognize the fact that you're a homosexual." And he said, you know, this is what they said. "And you have to deal with it." And so, I came back home and I told my father. (inaudible) my father practically fell on the floor. But I think at least it gave my father an idea, a context of what I was going through. My high school years, I graduated from the Catholic grade school I was going to, St. Philomena's, in 1964. In 1964 to 1965, I was at Mount Pleasant Junior High School. Then, from 1965 to 1968, I was in the senior high school, Livingston High School. It was an interesting place to be for a lot of people. Many of my college students, fellow students were extremely bright people. They had a large interest in a lot of different things. They had parents who were pushing them towards college. They were taking the PSATs and the SATs and all these things. And all you heard about from them was, "I'm going to get a good college and my parents are going to kill me if I don't get in a good college. I've got to go to a good college." And one of my fellow classmates in this class was a young man named Roger Chen. And Roger Chen, in 2014, won a Nobel Prize for Chemistry. So, gives you some idea of the kind of caliber of people. And not that everybody was at Roger's lev but it was that kind of environment. I was not, obviously, in that crowd. I was very bright in history but abysmal in math and science. I could not work my way through math. I could not do algebra, I could not -- you know, they said A plus B [adds up?] and I said, "Well, where's the numbers? And it's an addition, why do we have letters?" And so, my mind wasn't shaping its way around that. And then, I just was sort of out. I was not part of one group, I was not part of another group, I was not a brain, I wasn't a jock. When I was in grade school through high school, in gym class, when they picked classes, I was the last one picked and the guy would say, "You want Whelan?" "No, I don't want Whelan. Do you want a Whelan?" "No, I don't want a Whelan." So, you can imagine, (laughs) I was pathetic at the time period. But I went to high school, went through, got through high school, and then I graduated from high school. And then, bingo, I'm out of high school and then what do I do? What do I do? I want to go to college but my father doesn't know how to help me. He never went to college. My mother doesn't know how to help me. She never went to college. Oh, yes, she did, actually. My mother spent two years in a Catholic college, studying to be a kindergarten teacher. And then she met my father and they were married in 1948 and that was the end of that. But I was basically left on my own when I got out of high school. So, took this little job here, took this little job there. And finally, and so at Essex County Community College, was opening in Newark, And so, I went there. Had to see what it would be like. And while I was there, I met two very remarkable people, both of them African American professors. One of them was named Stephen Butler, he was a sociology professor, and the other one was named Clem Price, who died just several years ago. He was president of Rutgers, or Rutgers, Newark, at any rate, when he passed away. But the two of them saw that I had a lot more on the ball in their classes and finally one day, and I can still see it in my head, talking to Professor Butler, standing in the hallway, and he said to me, "You know, you're too bright for this place. You really ought to be in a real college." Turns out he had some connections. He had another job at something called the Upward Bound program for black students over in Queens Community College in New York area. He was from New York City originally. And he said, "I could, you know, let me look into things." So, I knew one thing I really want to do is I wanted to go away to school. All my friends in Livingston were going away to school. And so, that's what I really wanted to do. I also had, I mentioned earlier, that I was part of a church group. That church group was not a Catholic church group. It was a Presbyterian Church group. I had broken with the Catholic Church and joined the Presbyterians because they accepted me and they liked me. And my mother, of course, cried, naturally, being an Irish Catholic of her vintage. But I didn't know those people and those people were all going off to college. I wanted to go away?, so I said to Steve, "Well, I'd like to go away." And so, he came up with some colleges for me and then he said, "Oh, Blackburn College in Carlinville, Illinois. Why don't you try there? They have a work study program there, you can work there at college, and it's cheaper." And so, I could actually use the government funding that I got from the student loans for that. And so, I did, and I went off to college, Blackburn College. Well, Blackburn's, like, in the middle of nothing. But it was, a wonderful place for me to be, because I grew up there and I began to come out to myself and to come out to some people. People began to realize that I was gay or whatever that was. And by 1969, when Stonewall's happening in New York, I am on a train for central Illinois to my first year at Blackburn. And I met some very good people there. One of my closest friends, Walt Harrington, straight man, who was a very good friend. And also, I met a lot of people that didn't know the other Frank and that was terrific relief. And so, I could begin to carve myself, who I was. And I still was dealing with problems with my sexuality. It was just something that I was trying to ignore and I didn't do anything about it one way or the other, you know? They used to say, "Oh, is that Whelan? He's just weird," you know, that they just wrote me off. "He's just odd." But I was doing very well in classes. I was doing very well in things that were not science or math related. And so, I did well. They kept me on and I was a history major and gradually I got to know things and got to know the college well. And people knew and I knew and the boys knew, the other men knew, young men knew that I was. And this one guy I knew, very attractive young man, Michael [Stieglitz?], he was a Croatian background from someplace, from East Chicago, Indiana. And he and I would eventually end up sometimes ending up in the big shower together. (phone rings) And then -- MF: Can we pause? I'm sorry. FW: Sure. MF: Hold on one second. (break in video) In describing some of his experiences with other students at college, and I'll just let you continue. FW: Well, I was particularly attracted to this young man, Michael Stiglitz. He was from East Chicago, Indiana. His family were a steelworker background. Very nice looking young man. And I would end up in the shower. I mean, they were big gang showers at Blackburn. And I never would make an overt pass at anyone. That I did not do. That I would figure, as my old man used to say, be spittin' Chiclets, meaning that someone's going to punch me out if I try that. So, I didn't ever do it. But I sort of would look at him. I'd look at him and admire. He's a beautiful man, you know? Well, one day, I was standing in line for the cafeteria and everybody else was standing in line in the cafeteria. And I realized, you know, for a while, I was thinking, well, Mike's probably not liking this. I'd better not pay attention to him anymore. This is ridiculous. And so, I stopped doing it once or twice. And then, we're standing in line, getting ready to go into the cafeteria with all these other students around. And he says, "Frank, haven't seen you in the shower lately! What's wrong? You tired of looking?" Well, I could've found a place in the sidewalk and disappeared at that point but nothing came of it. Nobody ever harassed me, nobody ever complained. So, I guess they all knew but nobody was talking about it, I don't know. So, 1973, I graduated from Blackburn and I was having trouble because of my history degree, I couldn't find a lot, different jobs. I was working in a lot of places. But one thing I did know: I came home briefly, for about two, three weeks, and I decided I did not want to spend the rest of my life in Livingston, New Jersey with my parents. Whatever else happened to me, I did not want that. And so, what I did was my grandmother actually loaned me some money and she said, "Well, you go out to the Midwest, you find yourself a job." And so, I went back to Carlinville because I had known people there, and found a job. And was a laboring job. Wasn't much and I was not terribly good at it, to be honest, but I did it. And the fact that I could do it and do something for myself and did not feel dependent on people, that really helped me. And so, gradually, I evolved. And then, my friend, Walt Harrington, who I mentioned, he was at the University of Missouri and he was with the sociology department. And he said, "Well, you have to go to a big school. You can't be here." So, I went there, back to the University of Missouri at Columbia for about a year or so. And I took some graduate courses and I was doing fairly well. But it wasn't perfect. It just still wasn't working out exactly as I wanted. So, I ended up going back to the work life and I found an opening for a small magazine in Springfield, Illinois. And my friend, Walt, who had helped me get to the University of Missouri, I said -- and he was just graduating from the University of Missouri's journalism school. He has a combined degree of journalism and sociology and he said, "I'm looking for a job" and I said, "Okay, well, here's this small magazine. Maybe you'd like to start there." And so, he did and he and I worked together for a long time. And he got a little bit nervous with me but not because we were [at it?]. Never proposed anything sexual with him. But one time, he said to me, he says, like, blew up, he said, "We're living too close together here. Just, you know, like, you're eating off me and I can't deal with it." And I said, "Oh, okay, well, I didn't mean to do that." But so, the magazine finally failed and I went back to journalism, back to the University of Missouri and I got a part-time job with the sociology department. And also, I was a graduate student in history. And in 1978, I graduated, I had gotten my master's degree. In that interim, something happened that changed my life, totally. There was a man there, a young man who was working with me in the sociology department. He was a computer guy. He was married but he had been in the Air Force Academy and had left it because of some sort of cheating scandal or something like that. But he knew about computers, so he was handling the computers for this particular professor whose project I was working on. Well, I found this man very attractive and so went up to him and propositioned him, which isn't something -- I didn't do much. At this time, I was also -- the Columbia -- Missouri had a small adult bookstore and so I would go there on occasion. Not often, but on occasion. And Tom [Jokehurst?], this fellow I knew as the computer guy. I said to him, you know, I told him, expressed my interest and then he picked up a copy of the University of Missouri's newspaper and he pointed to an organization called the Gay Liberation Front. And he said, "Frank, I can't help you but maybe these people can." And so, I was, like, okay, I hadn't even thought of that. Why wasn't I thinking of that? So, I went to the meeting and I went to the door and I tried to open the door at the meeting. And a doorknob wouldn't open totally. And finally, I was pulling on it and finally a voice from inside said, "Come on, come on in!" And I did and I've been gay, officially, ever since. MF:That's a good place to pause for now. (break in video) MF:So, I'm back from break and he's just described encountering the Gay Liberation Front for the first time. So, Frank, I'm going to ask you: well, what happened after you encountered GLF? FW:Well, after I encountered these gay people, I suddenly realized that, you know, I don't have to try and pretend that I'm straight because I was trying to date with young women from the sociology department who I was working with. And it was clear to them and clear to me as it had been way back when I was in high school to the women involved that I was not there with them in their space, interested in them sexually or, you know, romantically. And so, I began to see these people there as who I was and a part of what I knew. And so, I began to mix with them and go to club meetings and I didn't really have heavy duty sex with anybody there in that group. But I did get to know what it was like to be a gay person and out and open. And this really changed me. It changed me because then I realized I don't have to try and be something that I'm not. And that was an earthquake for me. People talk about moments that changed their lives and this was the one that changed mine. So, I began to just, you know, go to the gay meetings and this kind of thing and identified myself as a gay person. And once I was sitting in this restaurant in Columbia where a lot of students gathered and I was with some friends of mine from the sociology department and I was talking about being gay, you know? Just a little -- casual, I mean, I'm gay, yes, I'm gay man, and that's what I am. And then, a friend of mine, one of the sociology people who knew all this, he said, "Frank, you know, there's people in this booth over here. They don't like what they're hearing you say, what you're talking about." So, I said, "Well, they're going to have to learn to live with it because I'm going to do it." And nobody came around the corner and smashed me in the face or anything like that, so I guess that was that. But, boy, I tell you, it was -- and I just blossomed as a person. That was just wonderful for me. And finally, I was not only good in history and other things but I was finding -- making a name for myself. And so, by 1970s, 1978, I had my master's degree. And I'd also, at that time, while I was at Missouri, year or two after I joined the Gay Liberation Front, I got a job as the assistant archivist to the University of Missouri. And Ralph Havener and he was, you know, worldly enough to deal with it, you know? It didn't bother him. He was seen with me, it didn't bother him at all. Was a married man and had children, you know, this kind of stuff. But very, very with it for that period of time and it just didn't bother him. And I was working with him and with a woman there, Cora. I can't think of her last name at the moment but she was very nice. And so, we all got along fairly well and I gradually began to read gay publications. I had a good friend who got The Village Voice, so I started reading The Village Voice, started thinking about New York and I'm thinking about, wow, what's all going on there? And then, I got a subscription to Christopher Street, which is a gay magazine at the time and I was reading that and began to see, you know, there's a larger world out here of gay people that you don't know anything about. See, I didn't understand, when Stonewall happened, I was way on the other side of the country. So, I had thought, I mean, it was, like, yeah, well, there was this thing that happened but it was only till years later that I began to realize what Stonewall was. And I think that was the case with a lot of people. I mean, Stonewall grew to be a legend but it grew to be a legend largely because of time, people talking about it and writing about it in the gay community. When we were talking the other day about some of these things, I said and I was thinking, you know, this is how the movement spread and it didn't happen overnight. (inaudible) caught fire about Stonewall and the entire gay world was aware of it, took quite a while to penetrate. So, I was doing this in Missouri and then graduated in 1978. And then, Ralph Havener is the archivist at the University of Missouri, put me in touch with the archivist for the State of Missouri, Gary Behan. And that was a shake-up in my life because I would have to move from Columbia, Missouri, which was relatively, by Missouri terms, enlightened, quote-unquote. But to Jefferson City. And Jefferson City was not enlightened at all. Has a population of thirty thousand people, which was smallest state capital in the country. And I could do my work and do my other stuff but I had to, you know, I had to try and find gay people. And I had, again, to do that and I found some bad -- some guy who was a little bit older than I was, but a gay man. And he clued me in on the scene in Jefferson City. And he was actually from Springfield, Missouri. And believe it or not, Springfield, Missouri had a gay bar. And so, he took me down there to that place once or twice. There was a gay bar in Columbia called the Wheel or the Cartwheel, I can't remember, but it was down there. And so, it was there in Columbia. So, I also went to that sometimes when I was in Columbia and met some men there. But I didn't really get into the Jefferson City scene. And then, there was all the talk, you know, as the gays in Jefferson City used to call it "Closeta City" because there were so many closeted gay men in Jefferson City, one of whom was a very prominent state legislator. And the rumors were circulating around in the gay community that he was doing it in the office, his sexual office -- yeah, sexual office -- his senatorial office with boys he picked up on the monument that overlooked the Missouri River, behind the state capital building. And Missouri had this huge state capital, beautiful building. But there's a monument there and you look over this huge area and his car would cruise, his Cadillac would cruise back and forth there, trolling for men. So, I guess I wasn't worth it, so nobody trolled for me. But anyway, so that was a part of what my life in Jefferson City was like. Meanwhile, my friend Walt Harrington had gotten a job here in Allentown with The Morning Call. And he was working very hard and got involved with the owner of the paper, was trying to change the paper. Paper in those days, in the early '80s was really beginning to make a move, it was out of its provincialism. And the owner's son was taking over and he hired Walt and a bunch of other people and they were doing really groundbreaking journalism stuff. And so, Walt remembered that I had helped him get a job at that magazine in Springfield years before. And so, he contacted me and said, "Hey, I think you really ought to look. [I will try and?] help you get a job here." And he did. And he did. And then, there were all kinds of problems at The Morning Call. Not with me directly but with the paper, the father of the son of the own-- the original family was father and son. The father was not quite ready to retire. The son was pushing. There were a lot of people at the paper at the time who were very disillusioned with all of these new people coming in from outside. And so, there I was in the middle of all this. But it worked out okay for me. A lot of them left. Walt left to go to The Washington Post, which was a dream. And I think if I had asked and tried hard enough, I would have, could have, might have been able to get a job at The Washington Post in the library or some capacity. But by then, I had met Bob and that was a little thing that changed somewhat in my life, my -- approaching it. But I was interested in just trying to find my way in this town of Allentown. And then, I knew that, I sort of suspected that Bob was gay. He didn't come and talk to me. And he will tell you this story, and so I can tell you a little bit about it: at the time, I'd had a problem. When I was in Jefferson City, I had fallen down some stairs in the home which I was and my neck went back like this. So, I had to wear a neck brace. Well, every once in a while, it would act up. So, I'd put the neck brace on. So, I was in the newsroom, walking around, carrying huge piles of books because I was supposed to be a researcher. And then, Bob looked over and saw me and said, "Who the hell is that?" to this woman who was sitting on his desk. And another reporter, "Oh, that's Frank Whelan. Don't you know Frank Whelan?" Said, "No, and I don't want to." Boom. That was the end of it. And so, I said to Walt, like, still contact with him, he was at the Post at this point and I said to him, "Are there any gay people here at The Morning Call?" And he said, "Yes, there are," because Bob was open at the paper, it was not a big deal for him at the time. And I said, "Oh, well, like, how can I meet them?" He said, "Well," he said, "if you people can find each other the way you tell me you can, you'll find him." Click. So, (laughs) okay. Walt and I had a -- interesting relationship. But so, I did. I began to look in back about this local, this organization, this Le-Hi-Ho. I heard talk of it and I went to find out that a lot of these articles about Le-Hi-Ho and about the gay community were written by Bob Wittman. And so, one day, I went over to Bob and he was sitting at his desk and I said to him, "I see you've written a lot of articles about this Le-Hi-Ho organization." And he said, "Yes?" And I said, "I'd like to get to meet these people, get to know these people. Could you tell me about them?" And then, he looked at me and said, "Okay. Let's go have a cup of coffee." (laughs) We went down to the cafeteria, had a cup of coffee, and that's really my first introduction both to Bob and the local Le-Hi-Ho scene. Now, Le-Hi-Ho in that day, in those days, was going through a kind of a transition. You have to understand, AIDS had not broken on the scene yet. I was still doing things with and picking up men at the adult bookstore and having tricks. But anyway, that's what I was doing. And I didn't think twice about those. Nobody thought twice about any of that in those days. And so, I just sort of figured, well, you know, and here's this guy Bob, he's nice, and he knows me, so we started to date a little bit and then go out. And he took me down to New Hope, which was the gay universe back then, you know? And I went down there with him a couple times and, you know, but about a year or so later, we moved into this apartment. It's up the street at 1036 Walnut, where we lived for ten years. So, at that point, Bob was telling me in the early '80s, because I came to The Morning Call in 1981. And so, this previous editor left, his father took over. There were all kinds of things happening. But I was asked to become a writer by the editor that took over. Said, "Can you write?" Said, "Yeah. I've done that." He said, "Well, go ahead and do some, we'll see what happens." So, I began to write local history stories and people seemed to like them. And so, that was the beginning of that. But with Le-Hi-Ho, Bob said to me -- I wanted to ask him questions about it. He said, "Well, I don't know. They're really kind of a strange organization. You know, they're okay, but the real movement that they were pushing is gone and now they have parties where they macramé and it's this kind of thing." And I'm, like, oh, wow, okay. I'll talk about macramé to people. But, you know, I want to meet people, I want to meet gay people. I wanted to meet gay people and I didn't just want to meet gay people at bars, men at bars. I did do that but, you know, it was not working for me because I had been out in Missouri and was not going back in the closet just because of -- I'm in Allentown, so I wanted to be with people. And so, I went to a few of these Le-Hi-Ho meetings and I could see what Bob was saying about it because it was just not happening here for me at those meetings. And then, I met, well, then we went, the new group of people had taken over the Le-Hi-Ho and they were the ones that invited Barbara Gittings to speak at Muhlenberg. And this would have been about 1982, '83. And Bob and I had been living together at that point, had already taken a trip to England. We'd gone to Europe once and so I said, "Let's try it. Let's go see what it's like." Well, then we met people there who were gay people who were out and were interested in gay politics and gay life and gay everything. Nothing to do with doing macramé. So, that's when Le-Hi-Ho began to fade out in the local scene. Never disappeared entirely but it wasn't the gay organization. Couple of other people who I met as a result of this meeting, older people, one a faculty member at Kutztown called Paul Kendall. Another one was Clint Miller, who was an organist at St. John's Lutheran Church over here. And these were people who had larger gay experiences far beyond anything that I'd had. And I became very good friends with some of them. And Paul Kendall and his partner, Paul Reeder, they had been living in the Village in New York. And Paul Kendall got a job at Kutztown, so then they bought a house out in rural Kutztown area, a nice property, ten acres of ground. It was on a mountaintop but they weren't farming, trust me. They did, like, new things. And we would go out to their house and have dinner. And Paul Kendall was a gourmet cook and he would cook these wonderful meals. And we'd sit there and Paul Reeder would make sidecars and I, like, after a while, Bob's driving, we're coming back from their house. And their house is way out in the country. It's, like -- (hums nervously) and I, you know, that, and I was sound asleep, so it didn't bother me. But we got really interested in the gay things from there and Paul Kendall began the process of bringing forward the concept of the Lambda Center, a gay community center. He actually went on local television. He went on Channel 39 and they used to have a "Manager's Chat," they called it. And he came on and explained what this was about. So, he was perfectly open. And he was a professor, you know, so these kind of people just really were the people that I got to know and I really, really liked them. And so, that was my kind of life. That's the life that I saw and I wanted to get involved with. And so, then, Le-Hi-Ho was, like I say, was there and we were part of it. But the Lambda Center begin to consume more and more of our time. And it was just at that point when the Lambda Center was starting to emerge that AIDS hit. I can remember clearly the first day that I knew there was something called HIV or "the gay plague". Or I didn't know what exactly they were calling it at -- that was a day in the summer, July, and I picked up a copy of The New York Times and there was an article by their medical writer, Lawrence K. Altman, about this strange illness that seemed to affect gay people and that the people were calling the gay plague and all kinds of other things. And I read this thing and at first I was just, like, I -- many gay people, you know, at the time, we'd always been hearing these people telling us about, oh, you know, this'll happen to you, you'll get cancer, you'll die, you know, for having sex, gay sex. And so, people were, like, what the hell is this? Who's cooking this up, the CIA, the FBI? What's behind this? At first, I was just not buying it. Just not buying it. And then, they said about it happening in New York and San Francisco and then I began to think, well, maybe it's a New York or San Francisco thing that they're doing. See, I had begun to get even more involved in the Lambda Center. I got on its board. We were doing all kinds of things having to do with being gay. Like, if your partner's involved in the hospital, how to get access to them. If you're doing a will, how to make sure your partner gets -- when you get out of the will, you can actually give to them. And that was something that, you know, I was interested in. All these things were happening. I was thrilled. And the Lambda Center, we had a lawyer come in and explain about wills. We had all kinds of -- or I gave a lecture on the rise of Nazi Germany, the anti-gay movement in Nazi Germany and what happened to the gay people in Germany. And, I mean, I was really moving, things were happening. And then suddenly, we felt the need, the organization felt the need, a number of people within the organization felt the need to create something, what they called the AIDS Services Committee. And then, the roof caved in as far as I was concerned. MF: That might be a good place to pause. (break in video) Record. Okay, this is Mary Foltz. I'm back with Frank. We were just talking a bit about the Lambda Center. And Frank, I'm wondering if you could tell us just a little bit more about what was the impetus to start the center, what was it like getting it up off the ground? FW: Well, the impetus for starting the center really did begin with this professor, Paul Kendall. He was saying and he did say quite a bit that we need an alternative to the bars. We need a place, an organization where gay people can deal with the political realities of life and that this doesn't have to be just someplace where you get to meet somebody. Now, Paul wasn't opposed to that but Paul said his attitude was that someplace, people should have some way to talk to each other besides a drink in their hands. And Paul was not opposed to drinking, I can tell you that right now. But he felt very strongly that a political slant had to be given to gay life. Okay, now we were trying to get -- gay people had begun to win some acceptance in the late '70s, early '80s. Now maybe this is time to have an organization to help, also, other gay people come out to deal with who they were, to give them an idea that, hey, gay is okay. It's normal. It's not odd, it's not weird. And just because you lived in a small town somewhere, you can feel isolated, but there's a place for you to go, a place for you to -- people will understand you. And that was really what attracted me to it and I think Bob to it, because we could remember quite clearly what it was like to feel like you were the only one and nobody else is going through what you're going through. Nobody ever had and nobody ever will again, you know? God or something, fate has dumped all this on you. So, I got together with Paul Kendall and various other people did, too. Paul Reeder, his partner, kind of got a little -- Paul Reeder was kind of a shy guy. He did the stuff but in the background. He did not take an active role in running the organization. There was another friend of theirs, interesting enough, also a Paul, Paul [Boutin?], who they knew from New Hope and who was also from New York, had been in New York. And they all got together and began to think about this organization and to talk to each other and to put a board together that would be the board of the Lambda Center. Paul Kendall very purposefully went on television on Channel 39, the "Manager's Chat," and this was a big moment for us all, too, because we did not -- you know, how would the public take this? Would there be outraged phone calls? Would there be, you know, threats to firebomb the place? What would happen? And Paul was very, you know, he was in a jacket and tie and he was pointing out that he was a professor at Kutztown and that what the Lambda Center was and what the explanation of Lambda was, and that was the beginning of the Lambda Center's birth, really. And when that program was on television, we began to get volunteers. People wanted to, willing to work on the hotline and people called. We began to get people contacting us. One of the things I had not mentioned which I probably should had to do with the inception of Le-Hi-Ho. Now, I only know this because several years ago, about two years ago, Ron Seeds, who founded the Le-Hi-Ho, told me, sent me a letter. A fellow in New York named Dick Leitsch who was with the Mattachine Society, and Leitsch was very influential. I mean, he was the driving force behind making it able for gay men to drink in New York bars without being accused of being gay, you know, and that kind of thing. Or saying, "Oh, you can't have and drink now, you're gay." So, he was involved with that. And so, when they were forming Le-Hi-Ho, this was created basically because Ron Seeds had met this young man, Rick [Balmer?]. And Rick Balmer was afraid of being drafted. This was still the Vietnam War era. The draft was still out there. That would have been 1968, '69. And, well, and Ron Seeds was acting as a draft counselor. And so, the two of them came to the conclusion that there have to be a lot of other gay people like us out there who need this kind of organization. So, they contacted Leitsch at the Mattachine Society in New York and they asked him, "Could you possibly give us a list of people from the Lehigh Valley who have contacted the Mattachine Society about gay issues?" And all they wanted to do with that was to send something out to people saying, "Hey, we're going to form this group. Do you think that there's a need for a group like this in the Lehigh Valley?" Just to these people because, clearly, these people had already contacted the Mattachine Society. And Leitsch did but he said, you know, "We don't want, you know, [you don't want to?]" -- they were a little uneasy about giving out names. So, I think they gave out, like, addresses or something like that instead of -- no names attached. And they sent those out across the Lehigh Valley. And from there, they got some responses, Ron and Rick did, and they began to write the people who responded positively about the creation of Le-Hi-Ho. So, that's how Le-Hi-Ho spread from the Mattachine Society and Dick Leitsch to the Lehigh Valley, because of Ron Seeds and Rick Balmer making the outreach to them, okay? So, that I wanted to clarify. So, now, have that on the record. Well, fast forward to 1984, '83, '84, and, of course, AIDS is now popping up. And this is the time period when a lot of people, wealthy individuals in the community who had lost their family members, in particular Ardath Rodale of the Rodale Press, her son, David, had died of AIDS and he had been in New York awhile and was very active in New York. And so, she came forward with some offer for money. But she refused to give it to an organization that advocated homosexuality. You know, it was, like, oh, oh! And I was, like, yeah, well, if she doesn't like us because we're gay, then why should we even think about this? But, of course, we live in America and money goes and money talks. And the idea of getting money for this AIDS Services Committee was too, too much. And so, they spun off and became the AIDS Services Center. And that was what really infuriated me. I was just livid. I thought to myself, my God, all we've tried to get to make this organization work and for all gays at all levels and the gay issues and now we're going to turn this into AIDS morning, noon, and night. And I didn't care for it. I mean, well, I guess I was being selfish to an extent and I grant you that. I didn't know anybody who had AIDS, I felt this was more like a New York and San Francisco kind of thing as many people in the Lehigh Valley did. And then, I was sort of distant from it. And it was at this point that Bob found or someone came forward to Bob, our friend Brian Foley, later our friend, who told us that he was HIV-positive. And told Bob and he wanted the story in the paper. And Bob wrote that story. I'll let Bob give you a lot of the details of that. That's his bailiwick. And he took that and wrote the first story about it. And except for one or two letters to the editor of The Morning Call, we didn't get a lot of reaction that was negative, any negative reaction. But I was fighting this other battle at the Lambda Center and I was watching what was happening. And it was all AIDS all the time and I was, like, okay, well, yeah, it's important. It's really important. It's really, really, really important. But I could see it was being eaten alive, Paul Kendall could see it was being eaten alive. Whole organization was being eaten alive by people who just weren't -- interested in AIDS. And so, eventually, the Lambda Center folded. But Le-Hi-Ho was still there. And Rick and Ron were gone from the area at that point, or I think they were thinking about leaving, or they sort of got out of their involvement with it because they had some rough periods in the '70s when locally things here were not too pleasant. But I was not personally involved with that, so I can't speak to all that. But I can speak to the fact that we sort of -- remnants of the Lambda Center sort of took control of what was left of Le-Hi-Ho. And we tried to have meetings and we tried [to have?] organizational things and we did a few things. And we had members who were happy but Le-Hi-Ho kind of fell into a group of friends working on gay issues and socializing. And that was what happened to Le-Hi-Ho. Meanwhile, the AIDS groups and these kind of things were moving forward with where they were going. And so, we kind of, well, that's it, you know? They've co-opted us. And I think Paul -- one of our good friends, Clint Miller, this organist from the church said, "We've been usurped." That was his word for it. "We've been usurped." And we were, basically. So, that ended the role of the Lambda Center. But we tried having, we did have some meetings, we had some things, various discussions and that kind of thing. We did attract some people to the meetings but it just was not the same after AIDS, the AIDS bulldozer came charging down on top of us. And so, I continued to go to these meetings. We continued to hold Le-Hi-Ho meetings till finally, Rick contacted us and contacted what was left of Le-Hi-Ho. He didn't know really what was going on, Rick Balmer. Rick, I'm sorry, Ron Seeds I should have said. Ron Seeds did not really know what was going on but he wanted some of the books that were down here, part of their collection and the gay novels and those kind of things, not the papers of Le-Hi-Ho. And so, at that point, as I'm remembering it, and you might want to clarify some of this with Bob because I'm sure he may remember parts differently than I do. But as I remember it, Ron, a lot of these books, he wanted to bring them back to Connecticut up there to use them for a gay community center up there that he was involved with. And so, we did that and then we decided, well, what do you want us to do with these papers and things? And he said, "Well, I don't have any use for them now." He said, "Why don't you keep them and see" -- and so, that was the consensus. Le-Hi-Ho's board, such as we were at that point, said, "Okay, fine, let's put these someplace." "Well, where are you going to put them?" "Well, I don't know. I don't have any space." "Well, I don't (inaudible)." Finally, they realized we had the space upstairs in our attic. And so, that's where they went, for years, (laughs) until, obviously, we decided, when Le-Hi-Ho was on the point of abandoning itself, to vote to go out of business, officially. And Bob and I said to the leaders, we got Paul Kendall and some of these other people. And so, "What do we do with the archives? What do we do with the records?" And Bob and I came up with the proposal and I'm pretty sure, you know, it was us, we came up with it, that we think they ought to be turned over to the Allentown Public Library. It's an Allentown institution, it concerns people involved in Allentown, primarily, and it was something that we felt, at that point, that this would be the best place for them. And we decided that, and we talked to Renee Harris over there, and she was very thrilled. She appeared to be very thrilled ; I assumed she was about it. And so, they came over here and we got the records out and brought them over there to the library. And there they sat till when Susan showed up. (laughs) But when I did this, we did this, when Bob and I did this, I sent a letter to George Chauncey up in Yale, and I said to him, "I know you're interested in these kind of things. I've read your book, Gay New York. I enjoyed it very much and I want you to know that this is where these records are." And I got a record back, I got a letter back from him saying, "Thank you very much. I wondered what had happened to them. I'm working on book on how gays, gay culture grew across the country after Stonewall. And so, thank you for telling me where they are," You know? That was the end of the conversation with George Chauncey. That's all he wanted to know, [as far as I can tell?]. But I was pleased with that and Bob was pleased with that. We wanted very much for those records to be preserved because it was important for us that the country know it wasn't just New York, it wasn't just San Francisco and a lot of things happening with a lot of people across the country. And Allentown had a gay organization six months before Stonewall, a gay political organization. So, if not the oldest, I -- we like to say we were the oldest gay political organization outside of New York and San Francisco, because we weren't the Mattachine Society, obviously. But so, that's what we did and that's where students of -- here you are. Any questions? MF: Well, I'm wondering, after Le-Hi-Ho closes its doors -- FW: Right. MF: -- you continue to be active in the LGBT community. FW: Yes. MF: So, what happens for you after Le-Hi-Ho closes its doors? You've secured a place for the archive. FW: Right. MF: How do you continue to be involved? FW: Well, I continue to be involved with consultations with writing about things about gays. I'm a little bit skittish about some things because, first of all, the younger people, I don't want them to look that I'm interfering with them. I want to share this with you. So, this is something that -- the transition with Liz and Trish taking over the movement and basically, you know, they did -- excellent people, fantastic, what they did to getting the gay rights ordinance in Allentown. That was something we both were involved in, Bob more than I was, and with her. But we felt that Trish, rather Liz was sort of dominating the whole thing. And she was kind of, I'm trying just to make this as, you know, because I don't want to discredit her at all. We think the world of her. But she got involved in local politics with the former mayor. And the former mayor was one of these hard knuckle guys. And so, she began to think that she should be hard knuckle, too. So, she, you know, she was following his lead and we felt that, you know, yes, your issue should be the gay community but why are we following this individual, you know? And there was all kinds of local politics involved. The mayor, Mayor Pawlowski, was involved in one thing and another, playing off one side and another. This was his modus operandi. And he did it, apparently, well enough to -- partly wasn't quite too honest but he did well enough for him. And the people in the gay community, Bob and I, we just felt like we were really shoved out. You know, Liz and Trish were going to run it and that's what they wanted. So, the Bradbury-Sullivan Center, we now appreciate it and we're glad that it's there but it took us a while to deal with that because, to be quite honest, Trish's -- right, Liz's attitude -- Trish is, like, just off there, she was always very nice, we said hi to her. But times were coming when we wouldn't speak to them. We'd see them in places like the farmer's market and just not talk to them because we felt that what they were doing was politicizing, small "P" politicizing it, turning this into something about politics and the mayor and doing whatever they could to boost up the mayor. And the center's creation, Bradbury-Sullivan Center was a payback to them for having supported the mayor. And that was, like, Bob had some problems with them. He can talk to you about those things if you want to talk to him about them and if he'll talk about them. He may not because he was very upset at the time. Bob was working with an organization called HADC. He still is on its board. He resigned but he was a grant writer for them and he was very active, very casually involved with their affordable housing agenda. Mayor Pawlowski had been head of another organization which had rivaled HADC. And so, therefore, Mayor Pawlowski did whatever he could to make HADC embarrassed. And Bob was furious at Pawlowski because of that. And then, of course, Liz Bradbury's [toading?] up with the mayor, you know, it just didn't synch or feel right to us. We thought this was some sort of a political payback. Okay, now Pawlowski's in prison, and so we're vindicated to that extent. But it was a lot of shit, to be quite honest, that we had to go through. And Liz was symbolically -- and, you know, we had such high hopes when she got the ordinance passed that this was going to be a different kind of thing. And it's amazing, when people got around Pawlowski, they became like him. And that was what they wanted to do because they figured they had to do that. These are amateurs playing at politics. And, you know, so they figured they have to be tougher than tough with the way they're playing politics. So, at any rate, so there was some disagreement, a lot of disagreement for a time with Liz, personally. Her personality, she has a very huge personality, and that kind of assumed a lot of things from a lot of people. And the people that had been involved in gay things for years who welcomed her, you know, wanted to see her involved, appreciated her involvement basically felt like we were used at that point. And Bob, you know, Bob got really furious one evening. His boss was up for an award for his work with the community and Liz was using all her influence to support somebody else. So, yeah, that's what was going on here. So, a lot of these things are happening and I know that's not really germane, necessarily, to what we're doing here. But that was the remnants of what happened after Le-Hi-Ho, and so -- MF: We just have to pause right now. (break in video) MF: Okay, I'm back with Frank and we just sort of talked about Le-Hi-Ho and some of the other political organizations in the Lehigh Valley that were working on LGBT issues and some of the tension between different people in the sort of broader Lehigh Valley LGBT movement. I wanted to sort of ask you if you could expand a bit on maybe the kind of Pride scene in the Lehigh Valley because Pride became a major -- you know, Pride of the Greater Lehigh Valley became a major organization. FW: Right. MF: Could you share a little bit of your thoughts about that organization? FW:Well, that organization was a great organization and I have no problem with it at all. It was great. You had those parades, we had those events that focused around Pride. We haven't been to one in a while because, well, we just haven't been. But we felt very much, well, this is the story, my story of Pride, what happened to me involved with Pride. We were contacted by the Pride board one year, I think it was in 2006, that they wanted to have an event that focused, that honored the grand marshals of the parade. Our friends Paul and Paul had been the grand marshals one year and so they had selected us, Bob and I. And we were thrilled. We were just thrilled. And we appreciated it. Taking this into account, want to say that The Morning Call never -- knew we were out, knew we were gay. Never, ever, ever in the years that we had been there had any objections. Matter of fact, they would go to Bob, in particular -- not much me but to Bob, in particular, ask him who in the gay community should we talk to? Who do you think we should deal with? How do you think we should deal with these things? So, when Pride advertised it, we were pleased. Well, what also happened was this: an editor from The Los Angeles Times, a lady named Ardith Hilliard came here. And she had just been named executive editor of the Call. And she had her own notions about the role of journalism. And journalists, in her universe, were to be, like, policemen or nuns or priests. You took a vow of journalistic ethics which you did not sully yourself with having opinion. Your opinion was not to be countenanced or whatever you felt about a thing was not to be shared and you should not take a stand on any political issue of the public moment. Well, Bob and I didn't see what we were doing as taking an issue on a political scene. What we were doing is basically supporting this Pride organization and being grand marshalls. Well, I swear, it just, like, blew up. This Ardith Hilliard just began -- she [attached?], established an ethics policy and if you didn't follow her ethics policy, she was going to accuse you of being, you know, something less than an ethical journalist. Well, Bob wasn't at the paper at the time. He'd already left. I was there and I could tell there was a movement afoot to get rid of a lot of the older people, a movement that was coming out of Chicago, and that they were looking for ways to get rid of people who were not young, let's put it that way. And it would probably end up costing them money or something like that was going on. Well, so, I knew of this. And they had a meeting for us and they got us all together and they basically told us that we had to, we should accept a buyout from them. And I said, "I can't. I can't do that. I'm sorry, I can't do that." So, ever after that, my bosses tried to embarrass me, to belittle me, to do whatever they could to make sure that I quit. And I refused to do it. Well, I think they hooked into this ethics policy to use as something that they could work on me with. And so, when it was said I was going to be in the parade, she forbid it. She said, "No, you're not going to be in that parade. You're not going to be in that parade. You can't be in that parade. It's unethical, taking a stand on a public issue, stand on gay marriage," which was kind of crazy, first of all. This had nothing to do with gay marriage to us, it had -- being honored by the gay community for our relationship. That was all. As a matter of fact, as Bob will tell you, he and I were probably people who were skeptical of the idea of marriage as marriage. We would say things, we had long discussions with Paul and Paul at their dinner table about it. You know, gay people should have something. Straight people should have marriage and that's fine and it works for them, okay. But gay people should go beyond that and do something that's a separate kind of thing for gays, you know, that -- it reflects gay life differently than straight people's lives. And that's what we thought. Well, Ardith Hilliard had a certain view of the world and so she wasn't going to accept that. And so, bingo, she basically said, "You're not going to be in the parade. You're not going to be in the parade. You're not going to be in the parade." I said to her, "Ardith, this is about my rights, my rights as a person. Why can't you see this?" And I couldn't understand why she couldn't see this. I mean, she was supposedly an enlightened liberal person from Los Angeles. Oh, and so she just pressed and pressed and pressed. And finally, we just had to say, "That's it. I'm going to be in the parade." And she was yelling at me and browbeating me. Finally, one day, I left the Call. I left the Call. I packed up my things, I walked out, early in the morning, before anybody else was there, and I said, "Goodbye, Morning Call," and I walked out the door and brought my stuff home. And I said, "I'm going to be in the parade." This was a Friday, the parade was the next day. I'm lying on a massage table and the phone rings. And I think I left a number where I would be if she had any questions. Well, she exploded at me. "You're not going to that parade! You're not going to the parade! If you go in that parade, you're fired! You're fired! You're not going to be in that parade!" And I said, "Ardith, I think we're beyond it at this point." So, I ran out of that place and she was browbeating me and browbeating me. "You'll lose your job, you'll lose your job! If you're in that parade, you'll lose your job!" And it's, like, I was horrified. And so, finally, I thought, well, this is the first time I heard why they're doing this to me. So, I just was horrified by the whole thing. And so, that day, the next day, Bob and I got in the car and we drove off and I lost my job. But Ardith Hilliard ended up getting involved in a huge lawsuit. We sued her because she defamed me, which is one of the things that journalism, you're not supposed to do. She basically used an article to call me unethical. The article wasn't about the parade. Didn't mention parade. The article didn't come out about the parade. It came out about Frank Whelan's being unethical. And this is a no-no. You can't do this, you know? So, and they used to give libels -- and so, they libeled me. And the word got out about this and our attorney, Rick Orloski, went after them and eventually, after much carrying on, they were finally -- Rick said, "Okay, I want you, under oath, under oath, under oath and in court to explain what exactly you were doing to Frank Whelan. What exactly were you doing?" And then, they pulled off, away from it. Later on, a woman who was going through a similar thing, was not gay, who was a very, extremely straight woman, she sued the Call. And I was called in to give a deposition about her by my lawyer, who was Orloski, in front of The Morning Call's lawyer, a man named Malcolm Gross. And, yeah, his protégé at the time, a young woman lawyer who was handling this thing. And finally, at the end of this, Orloski pulls out and says, "I have here a document from Susan Hunt. Susan Hunt had been the editor before Ardith Hilliard and Susan Hunt says that this whole thing was cooked up in Chicago to get rid of people who were of a certain age, fifty-five and up. I've got the document." And I've got a document upstairs, too, by the way, and a copy, I got a copy of the deposition. And I just couldn't believe it. And this young lady who was a very talented lawyer, she was, like, (gasps) just crashed. She couldn't -- it really, you know, this whole world crashed that day. But I was so glad and so pleased that I was vindicated. And then, through this whole thing, people stopped me and asked me how I was doing, was everything okay? The community responded to me, not her, not to Ardith Hilliard. They responded to me. So, I ended up -- there on that table is the picture that got us into trouble, picture of Bob and I together. And that appeared in The Morning Call. And that was what caused all this brouhaha and me losing my job. MF: Yeah. FW: Okay? MF: Well, we're about ninety minutes, so -- FW: Okay. MF: -- I think this might be a good place to stop. FW: Cool. Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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01:20:49
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Frank Whelan, July 23, 2019
Description
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Frank Whelan recounts his life as a gay man, the LGBT organizations he was involved in, his work as a reporter for The Morning Call, and it's impact on the Lehigh Valley as well as his life.
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LGBT-01
Date
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2019-07-23
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video
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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https://lgbt.digitalarchives.muhlenberg.edu/files/original/07e7dbe33ece0e9656ab8cec3f4f5a92.png
8df612f28cfae09eece3c64f941a0436
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Title
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Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley
Description
An account of the resource
This collection began in 2019 with the initial goal of collecting ten oral histories from older adult LGBT people in the Lehigh Valley. Topics explored include the childhood experiences of LGBT people, experiences within educational and religious institutions, coming out stories, understanding of the gay liberation movement (1960-1980s), experience of the early years of the AIDS epidemic and AIDS activism (1980s-present), and experience with the fight for marriage equality. The project has been a collaborative effort among faculty and librarians from Cedar Crest College, Lehigh University, Moravian College, Muhlenberg College, and members of the local community, under the direction of Dr. Mary Foltz, Associate Professor of English at Lehigh University and Co-Director of the South Side Initiative. <br /><br /><em> The project was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.</em>
Oral History
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Interviewer
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Mary Foltz
Interviewee
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Patricia Sullivan
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https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/ohms-viewer/render.php?cachefile=LGBT-03.xml
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PA-GALA
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5.4 July 19, 2019 Patricia Sullivan, July 19, 2019 LGBT-03 01:21:27 LVLGBT Stories from LGBT Older Adults in the Lehigh Valley Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository This oral history recording was sponsored in part by the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium, with generous support provided by a grant to Lafayette College from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg PA-GALA PA Diversity Network Patricia Sullivan Mary Foltz video/mov SullivanPatricia_20190719_video.mov 1.0:|21(5)|46(10)|59(15)|80(6)|95(8)|110(15)|131(3)|148(5)|167(8)|182(6)|203(8)|222(4)|241(2)|258(5)|279(7)|296(11)|315(2)|334(5)|351(14)|372(15)|391(3)|408(9)|427(17)|446(9)|465(16)|486(7)|505(8)|526(3)|545(20)|560(5)|579(14)|600(17)|619(18)|638(5)|657(6)|674(17)|693(18)|712(8)|731(10)|752(8)|771(6)|788(2)|807(3)|828(3)|845(9)|866(4)|885(3)|902(11)|923(15)|942(16)|961(7)|980(9)|997(15)|1014(7)|1033(4)|1054(5)|1075(7)|1092(2)|1109(7)|1134(10)|1163(4)|1186(14)|1205(2)|1222(5)|1245(11)|1264(14)|1287(2)|1310(2)|1329(10)|1350(11)|1371(2)|1386(18)|1409(15)|1428(14)|1449(13)|1472(13)|1493(7)|1512(11)|1533(11)|1556(2)|1575(17)|1586(8) 0 YouTube video < ; iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rkA0R7UFiCo?rel=0" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0"> ; < ; /iframe> ; 0 Interview Introductions MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, I’m here with Trish Sullivan in her home in Allentown. Today is July 19th, 2019. We’re here as a part of the LGBT Community Oral History Project and Trish has so graciously agreed to be the first person that we’re interviewing for the oral history project. The project is sponsored by the Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Community Center and we did receive funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium for which we’re also very grateful. So to begin I’m just going to ask Trish could you introduce yourself?
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 ; PATRICIA SULLIVAN: I’m Patricia Sullivan.
 ; 0 73 Early Childhood / Family / Life in Florida MF: Fantastic. Well as I said, we’re just so grateful that you’re willing to sit here with us today and tell us a little bit about your life, and I thought we could start by just asking you to tell me a little bit about your childhood. Where are you from?
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 ; PS: Well I was born on a barrier island, the first barrier island off the coast of Florida, Amelia Island, Florida. And I lived there for a part of my childhood, and then I moved inland, but I was born on an island which was pretty great. Liz and I are fortunate enough to still have a place there which is nice. 0 840 Leaving Florida / Schooling MF: So you had said earlier I couldn’t wait to get out of this town, describe for me how did you do that, how did you get out of Florida, where did you go?
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 ; PS: Well, when I graduated from high school I went to a college in North Carolina, Montreat Anderson College, it’s a Presbyterian college. And it basically it’s a liberal arts college, but it trains people to be music educators and missionaries basically. And my parents wanted me to go there, I wanted to go to the University of Florida, they didn’t want me to go there, they was afraid I’d party too much, and they wanted me to go to a little school where it would be controlling, and it would be very moral and upright and all of that. 0 1122 Early Interactions with LGBT People MF: I want to go back to when you talk about being at the first, your first college experience and feeling that you were different. I have a question about how were people at that college or people in your family, or just communities in which you sort of moved through -- how were they talking about lesbian, gay, or bisexual, or transgender people at that time?
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 ; PS: Well, when I was a kid and we would go visit family friends there were gay people there. I remember going to visit a family friend that rented an apartment to a gay man who was obviously a drag queen. 0 1425 Career Path / Life in New York / Gay Scene MF: Why were you drawn to physical therapy as a career path?
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 ; PS: Well it was because I took a -- when I was in college I took one of those placement tests and it said I should have been a like a park ranger or something like that and or a camp person or something like that. And I thought eh, and my “little” sister at college from the class behind me had had polio and she said to me, “You should be a physical therapist.” 0 2094 Meeting Liz MF: How did you meet Liz?
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 ; PS: I met her through mutual friends, one of my former partners and her former partner were doing a workshop together on a special technique that used to treat children with cerebral palsy. And they were in this month long workshop and they got to know each other, and we all went out to dinner at a café and they introduced me to some other friends that knew Liz and then those friends decided we’d make a good couple and set us up to go into New York City to see a play and meet. 0 2471 Starting PA-GALA / Mission & ; Work PS: And our friend Steve Black, who was a part of the group, was just a political mastermind, just an incredible person said let’s start our own organization and we’ll call it PA-GALA and we’ll provide the voter information, and we’ll do it right, because this other organization was giving good information but they just weren’t doing it in the right way, according to us. So we did this, and Steve ran it with Liz, and we continued to do the mailings and interviewed candidates for office, everything from school board right through to senator. Adrian Shanker ; PA-GALA ; Steve Black 0 3018 Anti-LGBT Petition / Anti-Discrimination Ordinance PS: And there was a fanatic in town who worked at Muhlenberg College, and he actually -- his name was Frank McVeigh and he’s no longer with us, but when he was at the college he said such outrageous things in his classes, he was a, not a psychiatrist, a psychologist, he taught psychology. And he said such outrageous things in his classes and students complained about him so much that they took him out of the classroom, and they couldn’t fire him because he was tenured, so they just sat him in an office. 0 3621 Building Political Community / Voter's Guide MF: There’s also a piece here that I think I want to ask a question about which is you’re building political community through the organization, could you talk a little bit about that?
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 ; PS: Well, that was what was so great about PA-GALA and that’s why I say it’s so sad we don’t have it anymore, because we would send out those voter guides and we encouraged people to become super voters which means they voted in the general and the primary election every year, because those are the people that elected officials listened to, they know they vote. PA-GALA ; Voters Guides 0 3856 How PA-GALA Influenced Other LGBT Organizations in the Lehigh Valley MF: Before PA-GALA there were a few other organization like Le-Hi-Ho--
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 ; PS: Right.
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 ; MF: --but how do you think PA-GALA really changed what LGBT organizations were doing in the valley?
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 ; PS: Well Le-Hi-Ho, those were organizations were a lot further back in time. I think when we were doing PA-GALA it was a Gay Men’s Chorus and F.A.C.T. and Pride and there was ACCO which was a women’s group, but it had a large lesbian group that participated in it, but it was a women’s choral group, and there were a few other groups. But the thing we changed was getting people politically active and getting the laws changed, that was what our goal was to make fair laws. ACCO ; F.A.C.T. ; Gay Men's Chorus ; PA-GALA ; Pride 0 4000 Photo Project & ; Marriage Equality MF: Just to give some context to people that photo project that you started was prior to -- it was about sort of moving up to marriage equality.
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 ; PS: Right.
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 ; MF: I was actually in that -- you took our photo and that was an incredibly powerful experience to have those photos put in the state legislature, so you had to look at all of these couples that were denied the right to marry. Marriage Equality 0 4155 End of PA-GALA MF: I want to ask a little bit about the publication you put together, but I’m curious about how PA-GALA came to an end, because you describe sort of sadness that it isn’t here anymore.
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 ; PS: Well, it’s kind of sad -- it was that we had been doing this for a long time, we’d been doing it with Steve and Steve was very hard to work with, I mean he was a genius and I loved the work that Steve did, but I did not have a good relationship with him, I could not work well with him at all. Liz could work with him very well, but he just was difficult to work with and I finally reached the point I just couldn’t do things the way he wanted them done PA Diversity Network ; PA-GALA ; Steve Black 0 4353 Start of Valley Gay Press MF: So while you’re getting involved in PA-GALA you also are at some point starting one of, to my mind, one of the most important publications in the Lehigh Valley that focused on--
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 ; PS: Oh the Valley Gay Press?
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 ; MF: Yes, so could you talk a little bit about the origin of that and what your mission was?
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 ; PS: Well Liz wanted to do a newspaper, Liz always wanted to do a newspaper and with her art background she could create it on -- and we started it at the time of the anti-discrimination law work. Adrian Shanker ; F.A.C.T. ; Gay Men's Chorus ; PA Diversity Network ; PA-GALA ; Valley Gay Press 0 4705 PA Diversity Network
 ; MF: You’ve mentioned the PA Diversity -- is it network on the end? How did that come to be, your participation in PA Diversity?
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 ; PS: Well when we left the voters organization we created that, we had to write a 501C and create a new organization for us to run, because we didn’t want a political organization, the rules are different for them. We wanted an educational organization and so Robert Roush who was in the community and had been one of the people who developed the Gay Men’s Chorus wrote the 501C3 for us and we just created a new organization. Gay Men's Chorus ; PA Diversity Network ; Valley Gay Press 0 MovingImage Patricia Sullivan talks about her life growing up in Florida, her journey to creating crucial LGBT organizations, and it's impact on the LGBT community. MARY FOLTZ:My name is Mary Foltz, I'm here with Trish Sullivan in her home in Allentown. Today is July 19th, 2019. We're here as a part of the LGBT Community Oral History Project and Trish has so graciously agreed to be the first person that we're interviewing for the oral history project. The project is sponsored by the Bradbury-Sullivan LGBT Community Center and we did receive funding from the Lehigh Valley Engaged Humanities Consortium for which we're also very grateful. So to begin I'm just going to ask Trish could you introduce yourself? PATRICIA SULLIVAN:I'm Patricia Sullivan. MF:Wonderful and I'm hoping that you, could you spell your name for us? PS:P-A-T-R-I-C-I-A J. Sullivan S-U-L-L-I-V-A-N. MF:What is your birthdate? PS:January 28, 1945. MF:And then I am just going to ask, before we started this interview you and I read a -- or talked about a consent form, and do you consent to this interview today? PS:Yes. MF:Fantastic. Well as I said, we're just so grateful that you're willing to sit here with us today and tell us a little bit about your life, and I thought we could start by just asking you to tell me a little bit about your childhood. Where are you from? PS:Well I was born on a barrier island, the first barrier island off the coast of Florida, Amelia Island, Florida. And I lived there for a part of my childhood, and then I moved inland, but I was born on an island which was pretty great. Liz and I are fortunate enough to still have a place there which is nice. MF:What was it like to grow up in Florida? PS:Well Florida it's a mixed thing, it's a lot of old people and a lot of conservative people particularly in the northern part where I was from, I was right on the Georgia Florida line and it was a very, very small town. And I have to say I grew up in the segregated South, I went to segregated schools all my life and I unfortunately witnessed lots of bad things, you know. And so when I was very young I decided that I had to get out of there and I decided very early that education was my way to do it. So I worked very hard to get a good education and be able to leave there and never go back except to visit. Because the politics is just very hard in Florida. MF:Well I'm curious about that, I mean it sounds to me like you're talking about how your childhood was shaped by sort of seeing institutionalized racism or racism in the South. PS:Well I have to -- maybe I should start by saying something about my parents, because my father was a World War I veteran, he served under King George. And he left the country as a seventeen-year-old to go join the Canadian Army before the United States got in the war, because he felt so strongly about what was happening to the country, and he lost his citizenship as a result of it. And he was gassed in the war, and he came back, and he obviously had very strong feelings about politics. He met my mother on the day she was born, he held her in his arms, and he told the family, "I'm going to marry this person." And he did and he was with her for seventy-five years and she was Canadian, and they left Maine in Canada, he'd actually been born in Maine. They left Canada and came back to the United States during the depression and drove to Florida and stopped in the first town they came to in Florida and made a home for themselves. And my family always had very diverse friends, I recall in my childhood we had a family that we were very close to that was from Persia which is currently Iran. We had several Jewish families that were friends and at least two of them had tattoos from concentration camps. And so my family was very, I wouldn't say they were progressive, but they were very oriented toward diversity. And when I was a kid they made a real point of trying to help me understand that the place we lived and the way we lived, we couldn't overlook the things that were happening there. Like you know if -- when I was young and it was segregated if a person of color came to your house they came to the back door, and they would take a hoe and tap on the steps they wouldn't even come up the steps to the door. And yet my parents had black friends who would come to the back door and come in the house and I'd play with the kids. And my mom would sit and sew and cook with the parent or the grandmother who was there for the day. But that wasn't something you did, so they were very brave about that, my father would go do business for black households, he was an electrical contractor and he would actually go into the community and do services for them. People wouldn't do that, they wouldn't let them use the bathroom, they wouldn't let them -- anything, you know. And so I was very fortunate to have a family that appreciated diversity and made me realize that I shouldn't fall into these habits of things that went on around me. At one point I lived across the street from the grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan and I learned very young not to just trust everything and everybody, because I sort of had my own personal "Scout" moment when I discovered that this person was the grand dragon of the Ku Klux Klan. It was very scary. And yet I didn't have those problems, I didn't experience those problems, I experienced bullying and things because I was different, I was an outsider, but I saw that happening, I saw all the injustice of that. And it made me want to leave there because I couldn't, I felt I couldn't live that way, I couldn't live in a place where you know there were such strong divisions between people. And so I -- as soon as I graduated from high school I left, and I never went back. But my parents were very, very amazing that way. MF:What was your relationship like with your father, what was your relationship like with your mother? PS:Well, my father didn't say much, he was a very quiet person, he was a very gentle person. He spent a lot of time reading to me. My whole life he read to me, he read me stories, he wrote poetry, he read me poetry. That was the biggest contact I had with him. My mom I was with almost all the time since my dad had been gassed in the war and when I was very young he got sick and they thought he had TB because there was TB all over. And they put him in a sanitarium for a year and isolated him, took him from us, my mom didn't have a job, we had no income because we only lived on my dad's salary. And so my mom took in children to take care of children to make a living and she tied tobacco at the farm where they raised tobacco. She would go at tobacco harvesting time, that was a very skilled chore to do that, you had to be very good to do it. And I used to help her take care of the kids, and so I spent a lot of time taking care of little kids. I could like take twins and diaper both of them at the same time, and wash diapers and all those things you had to do back in that day. And then we discovered after he had been in the sanitarium for a year that he didn't have TB it was the effects of the gassing during the war. And so we lost that whole period of our life where we had to readjust to all these things because he couldn't be with us. And then he came back, he always had a job doing something, you know, he would go into places, people would pay him with chickens or pay him with vegetables, or money. He didn't care whatever, he would do work for anybody that would pay him for things. It sounds so rural doesn't it, but that's the way it was. And he was very educated he -- not formally educated, neither of my parents went to, got to go to school, he was, my dad was an Anne of Green Gables type kid. He was raised in a Catholic orphanage and they sold him to a family to run their store as a young boy. And so he got all his business experience running the store, and making change, and part of his education he memorized the dictionary from cover to cover, so he had an incredible vocabulary, and he was incredibly well-spoken, but had no formal education. And my mom was similar, she was self-educated, I was -- my one sister graduated from high school, but I was the first one in our family to go to college. But I had a good relationship with the both of them, they were great parents, you know, they worked very hard and made do with everything, I never felt as a child that we didn't have anything, but I guess we really didn't, but you know they always made me feel like you know really special and everything we had was just what we needed and we made do with it, it was great. So no trauma there. MF:What were your relationships like with siblings? PS:Well, my two older sisters one was twenty-four years older than I and the other was twenty-three years older or twenty-two years older than I. And between us there were four children that we lost, and the only reason I'm around is because they discovered clotting factor and vitamin K, and while my four siblings died because that medicine wasn't available, I didn't. And so there was, when I was born, my mother and my sister each had a child within three months of each other, so I was sort of raised with one of my nephews as like a sibling. But my sisters weren't at home when I was at home, so I was raised very much like an only child. MF:So you had said earlier I couldn't wait to get out of this town, describe for me how did you do that, how did you get out of Florida, where did you go? PS:Well, when I graduated from high school I went to a college in North Carolina, Montreat Anderson College, it's a Presbyterian college. And it basically it's a liberal arts college, but it trains people to be music educators and missionaries basically. And my parents wanted me to go there, I wanted to go to the University of Florida, they didn't want me to go there, they was afraid I'd party too much, and they wanted me to go to a little school where it would be controlling, and it would be very moral and upright and all of that. And it was a horrible experience. It was -- you had to go to church services and you, Billy Graham lived on campus, his wife's father was the president of the college and he and his wife lived on the mountain on the campus. And they would come to services at the college every week and bring all their kids, and you know Franklin Graham who is being such a ridiculous person now sort of shaming his father's history. Those kids would go to the nursery school and I didn't like to go to the church services so I'd volunteer in the nursery school, and so I always say well you know I knew he was a bad kid because he would always say, "You can't tell me what to do my daddy's Billy Graham." And we just were so used to seeing the Grahams on campus, but it was religious school. There were a lot of gay people there, but nobody was, nobody talked about it, no-one really knew they were gay. I mean I just, I'm assuming they were, I'm really clocking them because I don't know for sure, but seemed to me. But I wasn't really out then and although I knew I was different, and I knew I didn't fit in I just hadn't found a name for it yet. And the best thing I got out of that school was that when I wanted to transfer to the Medical College of Virginia, they let me transfer my old testament as history and my new testament as philosophy. And so I had all the credits to get into the program at the Medical College of Virginia, so it was wonderful and that was easy. It was a beautiful campus and I loved the area, I was president of hiking club and I played soccer and you know fun things like that, but it was every bit was a little bit too religious to me and most of the kids there came from missionary stations around the world where their parents were stationed and they sent them back there to go to school. So they were all geared up to go save the heathens of the world and I was one of them. And then I went to the Medical College of Virginia in physical therapy and that was a great program, one of the best programs at the time I went to it. And I think there were only about twenty-five physical therapy programs at that time, and when I graduated from there I went to -- on all my internships around and then I took a job in New York, just outside of New York City, up by WestPoint and I spent my whole working career at that hospital, it was a rehabilitation hospital run by the State of New York Health Department. That was a great job. MF:I want to go back to when you talk about being at the first, your first college experience and feeling that you were different. I have a question about how were people at that college or people in your family, or just communities in which you sort of moved through -- how were they talking about lesbian, gay, or bisexual, or transgender people at that time? PS:Well, when I was a kid and we would go visit family friends there were gay people there. I remember going to visit a family friend that rented an apartment to a gay man who was obviously a drag queen. And he would come in and out while we were there and everything, it was totally -- no-one paid any difference to him, it was just like he was just there, and no-one said anything about it. My sister, who was a lesbian, when she grew up her best friend, you know, was a lesbian, she was this real tall person who wore cowboy outfits all the time, they called her cowboy. And people talked about that, but they didn't use the words, but it was like nobody paid any attention. And then my mom told my dad she didn't want him to take me to work with him because she wanted me to be different, because he -- my sister worked with him and became a licensed electrician and then she went into the marine corps and she was one of the first women marines that was an electrician. And I think my mom was concerned he was going to teach me all these tasks that would turn me into a dyke or something, but they never said that. And I recall people saying I was queer, I remember hearing that a lot from people, but it was difficult to put that into context, you know. And the friends that I had were all sort of outsiders and we got along well, and I never heard anybody say anything about gay people at all. Let me think there was one instance, I was out having lunch with a friend when I was a teenager and we were at a little barbecue spot and we sat down at a table and there was a napkin on the table, and somebody had written something on it. And I remember her saying to me look at this, and I looked at it and I can't remember exactly what it said, and she says, "That's because they're lesbians, they wrote this on here." And it was I don't know if it was like, "less ben" or, you know, something weird some little code-y thing like that or something. But I remember that person brought it to my attention and I'd never heard anyone use those words before, and this was like one of my best friends. But you know I never heard any talk about it when I was in college I never heard any talk about it. But like I said a college that was segregated when I was a sophomore they finally allowed a black woman from the community to come to classes, but she couldn't stay on campus. And my roommates and I said well she could be on our suite we gladly have her in our suite and they wouldn't let her stay. They would only let her come for day classes. And it wasn't until I was in New York that I really started being out and knowing I was out and why I was out so to speak. I mean when people say to me when did you think you were gay and I always do this, (mimes a doctor holding a newly born baby by the feet and lightly spanking it to get the baby to get its first breath) because I just always had -- now that I know what it is I've always felt I was that way. But I didn't have the experience or the background to know what it was and then in physical therapy there were so many lesbians in the field. It was like being a coach, you know, everybody was a lesbian, you would go to conferences and it was like going to a pride fest, you know, it was great. MF:Why were you drawn to physical therapy as a career path? PS:Well it was because I took a -- when I was in college I took one of those placement tests and it said I should have been a like a park ranger or something like that and or a camp person or something like that. And I thought eh, and my "little" sister at college from the class behind me had had polio and she said to me, "You should be a physical therapist." And I had no idea what it was, but I went, and I looked at the catalogue and I matched my credits to it, and I thought I can do this, and the government was giving scholarships to go because there were a lot of war injuries and they needed people to be physical therapists. And so I was able to get a scholarship and so it was all very mercenary I didn't even know what I was doing, but they took my philosophy and my history from bible class and I thought this is what I'll do, I'll do this because I knew I couldn't go home. I knew if I couldn't take care of myself, you know, there wasn't a -- I wasn't in a situation where there was going to be a man in my life I could look to to say support me, and I couldn't go home to my family because they weren't able to support me, I actually was supporting them once I got a job. And so I thought I have to be able to support myself and I can do this in two years, I can get a scholarship, it's a great paying job and I actually liked it. I really loved working with the patients and I ultimately became an instructor and my job was to run the training programs in the hospital for all the students that came through from the colleges around the country and to train the clinicians how to deal with them and to work with them with patients. And I really loved that, that was one of the best parts of my career. MF:After college you go to New York City and you accept this first job, can you talk a little bit about your career in New York City with some more detail? PS:Well I wasn't actually in New York City, I was in Rockland County which is North and West of New York City, between West Point and New York City, it was about an hour drive. And that's where I was a physical therapist and then I became a clinical instructor and one point I was administrator and then I had been there close to twenty years and I applied to be the deputy director of the hospital which is like the second in command. And I got that position, it was a terrible position, and it was terrible because I'd been a clinician and people who are clinicians will tell you that when you get into administration it's really hard because they're only concerned about the bottom dollar and you're concerned about the patients, and that's really true. But I did that, it was sort of a career move, and the director of the hospital was never there so I ended up basically having to run the hospital, I was on call twenty-four hours a day and it was a very very stressful job. And then I had -- New York didn't have a non-discrimination policy yet, and I had a person on the staff who was creating problems for me by making people not want to deal with me because I was a lesbian. And he was doing this intentionally because he knew there were people that would be bothered by that. And I went to the director and asked the director to deal with it, and the director's response was, "Well the two of you have to get along and if you can't get along I'll just fire both of you." That was how he dealt with it. Well I couldn't go anywhere with my complaint because the person I had the complaint against was the personnel director and he was the head of the committee that reviewed discrimination complaints. So I was stuck, you know, so I thought I can't deal with it I'm going to -- you know I've got to get out of here. And I also had found out I had lupus and it was hard for me to do that job, it was very stressful because I would work all day and into the night and then on the weekends I would just be in bed because I was sick. And so I decided to leave the job, and that was when I met -- I had met Liz and we talked about it and the director was going to leave and a new director was coming in. And so I was really happy about that, I liked the new director and I negotiated with her to work part time and train her and then I would leave. And so while I was working part time I was moving here. MF:Well before we get to discussing your movement to the Lehigh Valley, I maybe have one more question about Rockland and your time in New York State which is what was your social life like? You have a career that's taking off, you're moving into administration, what was your life like after that work? PS:Well like I said there were a lot of people in my circle who were lesbians, but they were so closeted it drove me crazy, because once I knew I was a lesbian I wasn't closeted, I was never closeted about it once I really knew. And I couldn't get over why they were being so closeted because everybody knew they were lesbians and it was so frustrating to me, but they were good friends and you know, and I put up with it. And we would go into New York and we would go to the bars and we would have parties, and you know our whole staff in our department was very very social, and did a lot of social things together. But we used to go into New York City and at the time there weren't many bars, there was this horrible horrible bar, I'm making everything sound so horrible, but it was a horrible place called The Duchess. And it was at the basement of this building and it did have a sign out front, but you know you went in and you thought do I really want to go in here and people would say, "Only drink the beer they don't wash the glasses." You know and it wasn't much bigger than these two rooms, and the whole bar down one side it was dark and it was filled with every imaginable person you could imagine who could be a dyke you know was in there. And some of them were scary, particularly to people who were just coming out, but it was the only place to go, and you would go in there. And it was still in the days where you know they would do raids and you know they would tell you don't dance if you see the lights flash or if you see this thing happen don't -- separate yourself so that they won't bother you if the police come in and things like that. And they would tell you don't use your credit cards in these places because the FBI will track you and I mean they did, you know, they did that kind of thing. But you still went because it was the only place to go. I used to love to go to drag shows and things like that, and there were other places. There was a place in Rockland County where you could go to drag shows, but it was one of these bars that it was like one night they would have it and a lot of us would go there for that and just sit and drink and you know have something to eat and party. But there weren't bars like there are today in the city. It's a long time ago, it's before Stonewall. MF:Did you have your first sort of longer term relationship when you lived in Rockland County? PS:Yes, I did, and I learned a lot from those relationships. I learned that I always seemed to be interested in the wrong type of person for me. And it took me three of those relationships to realize that it wasn't the other person it was that I was choosing the wrong person. And so at the end of the third one I was doing graduate school, this was my doctorate work at Columbia. And so I didn't want to be in a relationship, I wanted to get my work done and I knew I couldn't do both. So I said I'm not going to worry about it, I'm not going to worry about dating or anything like that I'm just going to wait. And then Liz came along and so I couldn't let that go by, and that was the perfect one. MF:How did you meet Liz? PS:I met her through mutual friends, one of my former partners and her former partner were doing a workshop together on a special technique that used to treat children with cerebral palsy. And they were in this month long workshop and they got to know each other, and we all went out to dinner at a café and they introduced me to some other friends that knew Liz and then those friends decided we'd make a good couple and set us up to go into New York City to see a play and meet. And that's a really long story. MF:I'd love to hear it. PS:Liz tells it much better than I, but we went into New York City for this play and the play was interesting, but Liz had seen it before, and she wasn't that interested in it and I hadn't seen it and I was enjoying it. And then at the intermission this woman comes up to her and it was one of her former students, and she takes off with her former student to talk, I tell the story this way, she says that's not the way it happened. She takes off with the student and I think this is great, you know, here we're going to do this then she takes off with somebody, but it was someone that she had known for years in her program she had taught them. And so got to talk to them and then we left, and then we went to -- we were in the train station and we spent a lot time quizzing each other about relationships and what was good in a relationship and what wasn't and what our likes and dislikes were. And this went on for about two hours, and everything we were like really in agreement on because we had both been in situations where we'd been with people who were partially closeted, and we didn't like that. And, oh, there were all kinds of other things we talked about, I can't remember them all, it just went on, and on, and on. And so we find out we were very compatible and that was good, but you'll have to let Liz tell that story, she tells it so much better. MF:I love your version too. Okay, so then what happened, you meet Liz and your-- PS:Well, I was trying to leave my job and I had -- I couldn't really retire because -- I could vest my retirement, but I couldn't actually retire for about five more years. So, we spent a lot of time deciding how we would live, whether we would live in my house in New York, or in her house in Allentown. And we talked about which would be the best to rent as a rental property, we finally figured out the best thing would be to sell my house and buy rental properties here and so that's what we did, we sold my house and bought a couple of rental properties, in fact right across the street from your house (indicates the camera person). And we had those for about five years and while we were renting the properties we also started in the antiques business and sold antiques. And antiques is a really fun job because you learn about all kinds of things, but it's nothing anybody needs. So you know the -- but the great thing about the antiques business is the more you know the more money you make, because you have to be able to find things. You have to be able to find things cheap and sell them high. So we actually loved it because it meant spending a lot of time researching things and collecting things. So I left my job, I came here, we rented the buildings, we did the antiques, and then it wasn't enough for us because there was nothing about the community. We had trouble meeting people and finding people in the gay community, and they hadn't had a pride fest then. And so finally they did, there was a pride fest and so just said well we'll go to it. We went to the pride fest and we're thinking look there are all these groups we can volunteer with one, what'll we do, we need to do something. So, we found this political group which was a voters information group, and we really liked it because we really believed in getting people to vote and vote for the right reasons and so on and getting them information. So we volunteered to be a part of that organization and that we would do mailings for them. We would stuff envelopes and seal them and address them and do all that because we didn't have computers. And it grew until we were running the organization, and the first organization we were involved with we didn't -- we had some philosophical differences with the person who was running it. And our friend Steve Black, who was a part of the group, was just a political mastermind, just an incredible person said let's start our own organization and we'll call it PA-GALA and we'll provide the voter information, and we'll do it right, because this other organization was giving good information but they just weren't doing it in the right way, according to us. So we did this, and Steve ran it with Liz, and we continued to do the mailings and interviewed candidates for office, everything from school board right through to senator. And we made up a scale and we created a booklet which are in the archives, that would tell you how facts to place your vote on, how they voted on pieces of legislation. We interviewed then and we'd ask them questions and I remember interviewing Frank Concannon who was a city council candidate here and he said, I was asking him about gay issues, and he says, "No-one's ever told me they were a lesbian before." And he was so supportive, and you know, and he worked with us, he helped us do a lot of legislative work and he was -- but he said, "No-one's ever talked to us about this before." Because people were so afraid to and we didn't have that risk, we didn't have jobs to worry about, we didn't have family who weren't supportive so we could be out there. And so we took the risk because we could do it and Steve was just an amazing person, I'm so sorry he's not around to be doing this stuff now, because he knew every legislative district. He knew the addresses, he knew the people who were in them, he could negotiate with those people, he was just an absolute mastermind, and we learned so much from him. And we ran that organization and it created tremendous change because it made people vote, it let us get in legislators and city council people and mayors that supported our rights and would deal with our legislation and that had never happened before and it's a real loss to our community that we don't have an organization like that now that does that. Because people don't know who to vote for and they don't realize the value of voting in the primary election and voting for school board and those positions, and how it influences our community. So we did that and then at a later point we would produce the newspaper and I would do the mailings for that, a lot of us wrote articles for the newspaper but mainly I took care of all the paperwork surrounding it and Liz published the newspaper. And then we moved from that into the center, you know we met Adrian -- he was actually on our board, we met him first as a student, he came to Liz to ask Liz to help him deal with an issue at the college, and she was so impressed with him and so she asked him to be on the board. And then he said you know what I really want is to have a community center and we were at the stage where, you know, we couldn't do this forever and we needed someone with that kind of energy and expertise to come in, and it was time to pass it off to a younger person so to speak and he was just the perfect person and we said, "This is great." And so then we started on that journey to change one organization into another and he did a great job with that. MF:I want to go back to PA-GALA for a minute and just talk a little bit more about what that organization accomplished or what your sort of mission for that organization was. You focused on the voter guides as sort of a central mission for that organization. PS:Yes, it was a political organization and you know we provided information and we tried to change laws and educate people with respect to things like that. Like one of the things we did was the anti-discrimination laws we worked on all of those, we did the one in Allentown, and we had that terrible court fight over that. Because Liz had to sue to get the -- she would have to explain this, but we were trying to get the anti-discrimination laws and there was a referendum against us and we had to sue to fight the referendum. And we have the suit, it's in the archives. I wanted to go back a minute and just say something else about Steve Black. Steve, he was a lawyer, but he didn't really practice law, he ran his family's diner in Pen Argyl. And so we would go up to the diner and after the diner would close we'd sit in the booths and we'd process all these forms and do mailings sitting in the booths in the diner, all the computers were set up there, it was a very interesting system. And Steve didn't have a good mailing list we didn't think, and we found out he had this bag of papers that were like people's addresses and everything. So we met this woman here who was a lesbian and she worked, I don't know if she worked with a finance company or a cellular phone company or something, but she was really great with computers and she took that bag and she made a computerized mailing list for him and that was one of the things that really changed things early on because we had a computerized list. Then her name was Joan Todaro, she just did it like overnight she said, "Just give it to me." And then when we wanted to do the voter's guide, the voter's guide was very complicated and it used a very special program called Quark, I don't know if you're familiar with it, but it's a publishing program and I don't think people use it anymore. But, we sent out the word that we needed some help and Steve sometimes didn't look at these things when they came through and I was going through the mail and I found this letter from someone who said she could help us with that. And she just lives, she's our neighbor, she just lives down the street here over on Eighth Street. And she works for a publishing company and that's all she does every day is publish books, and she created the book that allowed us to send out the book for the voters' guide. And that's what I mean about people who do one thing, but it has such impact, but no-one even knows they've done it and they're sort of in the background. And Gail did that for us, and she would come over here every voter's guide and we would sit and we'd plug in all this information and it came out in a really nice booklet and very hard to do, very hard to do. But when we wanted to pass the ordinance there was a referendum against it and they collected signatures. And there was a fanatic in town who worked at Muhlenberg College, and he actually -- his name was Frank McVeigh and he's no longer with us, but when he was at the college he said such outrageous things in his classes, he was a, not a psychiatrist, a psychologist, he taught psychology. And he said such outrageous things in his classes and students complained about him so much that they took him out of the classroom, and they couldn't fire him because he was tenured, so they just sat him in an office. And they hired Patty Kline to go in and replace him, and she taught gender studies, you know, she taught really good stuff, and he was just awful. Well he disliked gay people so much that he went around, and he collected thousands of signatures, but he lied to people. He would go in their yard and he would look at their cars and he would see they had a sticker for the environment or conservation or something and he would go in and he'd say, "This is a petition--" and he would say it was about that and he would get them to sign it. And they did, and we had a city councilperson, Hershman, who would go around and take these petitions to churches and at the churches they had nights where they did bingo sign-up sheets. And he'd walk around, and he'd say, "This is a bingo sign-up sheet, do you want to sign up?" And they would sign up, or it was a food giveaway thing and they would sign up. He was so bad, and he was so stupid about this that he actually on a bunch of the petitions accidentally signed his own name with his signature pen, which was a blue fountain pen, very easily to pick up. And we searched, we went through all of those, well now this was before we had cell phones. And so we turned the downstairs over there and the upstairs over there into a center to deal with this. And every day from early morning until after midnight those rooms were filled with people with computers and phone books taking the names of everybody who had signed one of these. And then we sent out a letter to them, because it was public record we could get their signature, we sent out a letter to them with a postpaid envelope in it saying, "Did you know that this is what is about, and did you really mean to sign it? And if you did would you be willing to take your name off?" And we got -- there was an attorney in Philadelphia named Dan Anders who had been a clerk for one of the judges here. And he worked for the major, major firm there and they paid him to be our lawyer, the firm gave him his salary so he could come here and work with us and fight that referendum. And he figured out that we could put a piece of paper in that envelope that was a legal declaration that you could take your name off. So we, you know, all of our friends came over and we had some friends that were really computer literate and their families came over and they would look up things and they would sit here with phones and call the people and say can we come over and get you to take your signature off of this, sign one of these and then we would send people out. And we did that, and we waited for these cards to come back and Liz and Steve went to the post office and the first day Steve comes out of the post office carrying a box like this and there were hundreds of retractions, and that was the first day. So then we started going to people's homes and getting them to sign off and we'd call them up and the stories we heard were unbelievable like I went to a person who lives behind the Jewish community center or he did then and he was a World War II veteran and he said the person who shared the foxhole with him was gay and he would never discriminate against gay people because that person saved his life. And there was this family Liz went to see this really, really Catholic family with like ten kids and this woman was just so upset that she had been hoodwinked into signing this. And you know she was going on and on about it and took her name off, people were just appalled that they had been lied to. And then we had to go to the city and present this data and so we called a press conference and we'd go to the city and the city thought we were going to bring in a little stack of things and we brought in this huge stack of papers. Well they couldn't not listen to us, but here's the funny thing, they didn't have a way of dealing with it, and so what they had to do was cross file those people with the petition and they didn't know how to do it. But we'd already done it and so they had to use our records because they had no system to determine who those people were and we were able to pull the things where Hershman signed more than one thing and we, in our archives, we have a list of everybody who collected those petitions, and you know. So every time there would be an election and we wanted to -- somebody was going to run we would cross file the list to see if they were one of the people who filed petitions against us so we could tell people not to vote for them. Information is good, really good, but we sued, and so Dan wrote the case and it was in Liz's name because they had to have somebody against these far right people who were doing this. And he threatened them with subpoenas, and they withdrew, so we won. But that was really exciting, the other exciting was that the anti-discrimination law that contained the information about the transgender community, the gender identity part of it and the definition of gender identity was written in our solarium by -- okay now why can't I think of her name, she's the head of the transgender equality group. MF:Corrine? PS:No, in Washington. Starts with an M, I'm going to say Myra, anyway really she's been there a long time and she came here, and she wrote the definition and now the laws that Liz and Steve wrote and that you know Adrian has been involved, and now they all have all the proper terminology. And ours was the first one and it's used all over the country now when people want to look at the terminology for what should be included they use that as the model. MF:For a city. PS:Mara Keisling, Mara Keisling. MF:So that's a model for a city or a county or a statewide-- PS:Right, the thing is that each one of them have different stipulations to how they're done, because like we're a third class city and it's a different sized city the terminology has to be a little bit different, but the definitions stay the same. And so all those were, you know, great models for people around the country, it's pretty cool. MF:So it sounds like this organization, I mean you're putting together the voting guide, you're working on anti-discrimination legislation at the city and at the county level? PS:Yes. MF:You're interviewing local politicians that will go in the voting guide, but also just keeping track of even how they're voting. PS:Right. MF:There's also a piece here that I think I want to ask a question about which is you're building political community through the organization, could you talk a little bit about that? PS:Well, that was what was so great about PA-GALA and that's why I say it's so sad we don't have it anymore, because we would send out those voter guides and we encouraged people to become super voters which means they voted in the general and the primary election every year, because those are the people that elected officials listened to, they know they vote. So, when you write a letter to your senator or your representative they give it to their staff, and they look in their file and see if you vote. If you don't vote they don't necessarily pay attention to it. But if you're a super voter not only will they write you a letter sometimes they call you because they know you're going to pay attention. So we wanted all our people to be super voters and we started this push to make them that way. And so what we would do is just before the election we would call them up, "Did you get your voter's guide? Are you going to vote tomorrow?" And they started expecting us to do that, and then they would go vote, and then they would call us. And today we still get people calling us and saying, "Who do we vote for? There's no voter's guide, tell us who should we vote for?" And it's very hard because of course we only know the people in our area, we aren't necessarily able to help people in some of the smaller elections because we don't know anymore. But it really built a big political community, and then when we were working with somebody at some point and they took out the -- it was a candidate for mayor or for some big office, and there's a list you can buy on a disk and you can plug it in the computer and it shows you the voting record of everybody that's registered to vote, not how they voted but did they vote in these elections, and politicians take those and they use them to build their voters. And we were sitting down with this person and we looked at it and for our area every time we went down the list there was somebody we knew that was a super voter that was gay, and we could find them. And Steve always used to say he had a system, he called it, find a gay or something like that. And he would take the phone book, or the voters records and he could go through it and he could say these people live at the same address, they voted in every single election for how many years they are the same sex, they're about the same age, gay and track them down. You know and he was able to do that, we built more lists figuring those things out, because you had to find people and then you'd give them information and then they would get involved. And people really valued that information, they wanted to -- it's not that people don't want to vote, they're afraid they're going to vote for the wrong thing, and you have to educate them. MF:Before PA-GALA there were a few other organization like Le-Hi-Ho-- PS:Right. MF:--but how do you think PA-GALA really changed what LGBT organizations were doing in the valley? PS:Well Le-Hi-Ho, those were organizations were a lot further back in time. I think when we were doing PA-GALA it was a Gay Men's Chorus and F.A.C.T. and Pride and there was ACCO which was a women's group, but it had a large lesbian group that participated in it, but it was a women's choral group, and there were a few other groups. But the thing we changed was getting people politically active and getting the laws changed, that was what our goal was to make fair laws. We did the photo project too which was to help people understand about marriage and the laws related to marriage and everything, and that was an interesting project because those people were so brave. Because when we did that we thought okay so we -- let's see if we can get fifty people, we can name at least twenty-five couples that would probably do it because they're our friends. But let's see if we can get fifty people and this was when there were no laws protecting anybody and you had parents, you had people who wrote right in that photograph I'm a parent, I work at this kind of job. I mean they put all this personal information out there on that and people just started coming to the door to do it. And it just grew and grew and every one of those people put themselves at risk to do it and they were so willing to do it because they were -- part of it was educating them about why it was important to do it. And we displayed that in the state capital, it was pretty cool to have it in the state capital. MF:Just to give some context to people that photo project that you started was prior to -- it was about sort of moving up to marriage equality. PS:Right. MF:I was actually in that -- you took our photo and that was an incredibly powerful experience to have those photos put in the state legislature, so you had to look at all of these couples that were denied the right to marry. PS:You know, and people would be critical and say well why do you have someone up there that says they've only been together two months? Well so what people have short relationships, we had people in there who divorced or remarried, and the saddest part were the people who died without getting their rights, you know, that was the really hard part and we had to use that to educate people too. Because that's part of life, but it was a very important project, this just popped into our head we have to do this, let's do this, let's put a face on it. And then other people around the country started doing it, but they did it differently, like she had this thing about -- make people stand and put their heads together and it makes them smile, and it did. And you look in those pictures and more people particularly non-LGBTQ people would say, "Everybody looks so happy." And it's because of the way she took the picture and she did it intentionally, and we would go around and give lectures about marriage equality and show those. And people in the audience would say, "What are you doing that we're not doing because our relationships aren't that good?" Because we would give the statistics of how long people stayed together and people assumed that gay men didn't stay together very long, they just made the assumption and the statistics didn't show that at all, it showed there were some very very long relationships among men in the community, they're different, it was a wonderful project. MF:And that was a PA-GALA project or that was the organization that put together the photo project? PS:It was PA-GALA. [correction: PA Diversity Network] MF:I want to ask a little bit about the publication you put together, but I'm curious about how PA-GALA came to an end, because you describe sort of sadness that it isn't here anymore. PS:Well, it's kind of sad -- it was that we had been doing this for a long time, we'd been doing it with Steve and Steve was very hard to work with, I mean he was a genius and I loved the work that Steve did, but I did not have a good relationship with him, I could not work well with him at all. Liz could work with him very well, but he just was difficult to work with and I finally reached the point I just couldn't do things the way he wanted them done and he wasn't -- I didn't feel he recognized the efforts that were going into all of this. And he was sort of tired of doing it and so we decided, we gave them about a year's notice, and we said you know we're not going to be able to continue to do this because it was just getting too hard to coordinate things. And we didn't want to stop but we just couldn't do it anymore. And we thought he would do something else with it, but he didn't, and then we sort of went off on our own with PA Diversity which was not a political organization, it was an educational organization and that's really where our background is in education. And he just -- other things were happening in his life and it just ended, you know, he wasn't able to do it alone, but he wasn't able to work with the people who had worked with him to do it. And it was very sad because I have such admiration for what he did and what a great politician he was in terms of managing this stuff, and he -- so much of this progress in our community is growth from what he did. You know he just can't be left out of that equation, it was just too important and it was tough. You know here he was this guy who went to law school, he was bright, he was successful, but he was one of those people who had a family that didn't accept him, and it played really hard on his life. And it was very sad to stop doing it and it was very sad to lose him from the community because he would still be doing great things if he were here. MF:So while you're getting involved in PA-GALA you also are at some point starting one of, to my mind, one of the most important publications in the Lehigh Valley that focused on-- PS:Oh the Valley Gay Press? MF:Yes, so could you talk a little bit about the origin of that and what your mission was? PS:Well Liz wanted to do a newspaper, Liz always wanted to do a newspaper and with her art background she could create it on -- and we started it at the time of the anti-discrimination law work. And we started it because there was going to be this referendum and we had to get information out. So our first paper was one page and it was all about that, and then it just grew. And then she started getting other people to write for it, to write little columns just that were part of the community, and we found that there were a lot of organizations in the community and they weren't talking to each other. And so for example F.A.C.T. would hold their major event on the same night that the Gay Men's Chorus was holding their major event, and there was no reason for that to happen. And we thought there should be a calendar, so we created a calendar and we did this out of our pocket, I mean PA-GALA didn't pay for it, we did it out of our pocket, and we sent it out to everybody. And we would tell every group you can give us information and we'll put it in, because we wanted people to get the information. And it worked, there were still a few conflicts but pretty much people could look at the calendar and say if they really were serious about it and say okay we're not going to plan and they got to know when people's regular times were for galas and things like that, not conflict with them. And those were the two big reasons for doing it was to get information out. And it also advertised and we did it, we got a grant and we also provided in Berks County, so we did a lot of work in Berks County to get them started and now they have a center and they have a pride fest and they didn't have that before. MF:So you're doing PA-GALA and the newsletter, newspaper everything at the same time, but they seemed to be a part of a larger political vision that you, Liz, and then others in that network had which was at least what I'm hearing from you getting information out on politicians, the kinds of legislation you were interested in passing and supporting. But also highlighting other organizations in your area that were doing the good work. PS:Right. MF:How did you do all of that and your antique business? PS:Oh well we worked all the time doing that. The paper took Liz about two weeks to produce, two solid weeks and then there was the mailing of it. I did the mailing and you know we at the time -- one of the nice things in our lives is we had opportunity to be nanas to four wonderful children of gay couples and two of them stayed here a lot, and so we would get the kids to sit with us and we'd say, "Let's see how fast we can do this. See who can do this fastest." And so the kids would stuff envelopes with us, and we would take them to rallies and Liz would carry them on her shoulders, she said, "You might have to tell these kids that they did this for their resumes, that they went to all these rights rallies." And then we'd come home and watch it on the news, but we got volunteers to come in and help us. And it was really important to do that. MF:How long did the newspaper last and was it the internet that sort of changed your desire to publish it or how did it close? PS:Well we created the center we changed from PA Diversity to the Center and we transferred our 501C3 to the Center and Adrian chose not to continue that as part of the Center that they would provide information other ways. And Liz couldn't -- it was a full time job I think she was ready to stop with it, and it was sort of like the voter's guide we really hoped someone would do it but many people tried to start gay periodicals during that time and nobody was successful, because they always tried to do something really glossy and expensive and they couldn't maintain it. And we just did it, we did it low cost, and it wasn't as fancy looking, but it got the information out and that to us was the important thing not that it had a glossy cover. But she couldn't do that and do her other work too. MF:You've mentioned the PA Diversity -- is it network on the end? How did that come to be, your participation in PA Diversity? PS:Well when we left the voters organization we created that, we had to write a 501C and create a new organization for us to run, because we didn't want a political organization, the rules are different for them. We wanted an educational organization and so Robert Roush who was in the community and had been one of the people who developed the Gay Men's Chorus wrote the 501C3 for us and we just created a new organization. And we did the Valley Gay Press under that, that was the main thing that was under it and then we did other, we still did education about -- we still did things that had to do with laws and ordinances, but we did it from an educational point of view rather than a political point of view. MF:Well we're right at about an hour and twenty minutes so I think this might be a good place to stop for the day. But as a way to close I want to ask you is there anyone off the top of your head that you think we really need to interview for this oral history project? PS:I mean the main people I know are the people that are your list. Do you have Dixie White? MF:Yes. PS:I know she would really love to be interviewed and she is one of the really old timers in terms of being around way before we were. And she was also the head of AIDS Services at one point I think, I don't know exactly what her title was, but she was involved with the AIDS Services Center. And I don't know, I'd talk to Liz about that and I think she gave you names, I can't think of anybody right off the top of my head. MF:If you think of anyone you can email me. Well I think I just want to sort of end by saying thank you so much, you know, for being with Carol [Moeller?] who did our camera work today, and with me, again my name is Mary Foltz, both Carol and I are on the LGBT Oral History Project for the Lehigh Valley and are really excited you volunteered to be our first interview. Thank you so much Trish. PS:Thank you for letting me do this. Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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Patricia Sullivan, July 19, 2019
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Patricia Sullivan talks about her life growing up in Florida, her journey to creating crucial LGBT organizations, and it's impact on the LGBT community.
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LGBT-03
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2019-07-19
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - )
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Mary Foltz
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Thomas Duane
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5.4 February 17, 2022 Thomas Duane, February 17, 2022 (Part 1) LGBT-22 1:52:55 LVLGBT-2022 Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - ) Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository Support for the collection of this interview was provided by the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS). trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Thomas Duane Mary Foltz video/mp4 DuaneThomas_20220217_video_trimmed.mp4 1.0:|27(15)|46(10)|79(14)|106(3)|123(2)|140(5)|159(5)|176(2)|197(2)|218(17)|239(7)|262(5)|279(15)|292(13)|311(10)|330(11)|351(14)|372(12)|391(14)|416(7)|439(16)|460(4)|489(13)|506(5)|527(4)|546(11)|565(10)|586(11)|611(7)|630(16)|651(8)|670(9)|691(10)|710(7)|727(13)|752(13)|773(16)|790(14)|811(16)|834(8)|859(10)|876(3)|891(15)|908(16)|933(4)|956(14)|971(3)|988(9)|1003(14)|1022(10)|1043(4)|1064(9)|1087(12)|1104(9)|1119(6)|1142(14)|1165(7)|1190(11)|1207(11)|1232(10)|1251(12)|1272(15)|1295(7)|1318(15)|1335(6)|1352(13)|1369(16)|1388(2)|1405(11)|1428(5)|1449(8)|1462(4)|1485(12)|1500(9)|1521(3)|1540(6)|1557(13)|1580(10)|1603(7)|1626(7)|1645(18)|1666(10)|1685(16)|1708(13)|1727(11)|1746(13)|1769(9)|1790(5)|1807(9)|1824(8)|1841(14)|1860(4)|1875(10)|1896(13)|1921(16)|1940(14)|1969(3)|1990(3)|2011(9)|2028(10)|2055(5)|2074(8)|2093(2)|2114(9)|2133(5)|2154(12)|2177(13)|2208(11)|2225(14)|2256(16)|2279(16)|2306(12)|2325(12) 0 https://youtu.be/zRHi6rmXYA0 YouTube video English 0 Interview Introductions MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, and I’m here with Senator Thomas K. Duane to talk about his life and experiences in the Lehigh Valley and beyond -- including New York, importantly -- as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This year our project has funding from ACLS and we are meeting today at the Senator’s office in Manhattan on February 17th, 2022. So, thank you so much for your willingness to speak to me today.
 ; 
 ; THOMAS DUANE: It’s a pleasure and I’m glad that -- I think I’m the more difficult person to tie down but I’m glad we were all able to get tied down together. I’m very happy to be here and talk. 0 221 Early Years of Life / Catholic School Days TD: I was actually born in a hospital in Chelsea, a French hospital. It’s now affordable housing, so I’m happy about that. But it was a hospital, and it had the maternity wing. I only say that because when I ran for office, I could truthfully say I was born in Chelsea. But my parents at the time lived in Queens, in an apartment that my aunt had formerly lived in. But I was the cause of them moving to Flushing. 0 1261 High School / Early Explorations with Sexuality TD: So, I went to an all-gay high school -- no, it was an all-boys high school. Actually, my freshman year, there was a student, Richard Sullivan, who I think he was more sophisticated and more worldly than I was. I think he had a girlfriend, like a real girlfriend, in his freshman year. But he knew there was something different about me, and I knew there was something different about me. 0 1638 College Prospects / Early Experiences with Politics TD: I remember one of the reasons I came home from having had left home when I was an adolescent was that I was like, “If I can just make it to going away to college, then I’ll get out of here, and so I better go back so I can leave.” And I applied to a bunch of different schools. Some, I think, were reaches. One, I applied to Dartmouth. I didn’t go up to the school to have an interview but I was interviewed by the alumni in an office building in Midtown Manhattan and I got on the elevator to go to the interview and the elevator started to go, and it dropped 30 floors right before the interview. 0 2012 Attending Lehigh University TD: Anyway. So, I knew that if I started to smoke cigarettes, I would be smoking cigarettes. If I started to drink, I would drink. If I started to smoke pot, I would smoke pot. And if I started to have sex, I would have sex. And 17, that’s when the dam broke. And I don’t think this is the reason I went to Lehigh, but Lehigh was not known as a druggie school. It wasn’t. It was not, not a druggie school, let’s just say that. But it was more well-known for its consumption of alcohol. It was a big frat school. And I guess, honestly, I think I was trying to please my father by going there. 0 2518 Relationships at Lehigh TD: So, that was all wonderful. But at the age of 17, I came out sexually and politically, started to. Politically slowly, sexually pretty, in a way, slowly, also. But I’m actually a little bit bisexual, and I actually was out at one time as a bisexual in the Columbia Spectator, which is the Columbia University newspaper because I went to a pro-bi rally and so, they said, “Openly bisexual councilmember.” And I think bisexuals have it really hard. So, I always identified gay, but I don’t have a perfect Kinsey score. And I knew I would end up with a man, but I have to be -- anyway. So, I was sleeping with men and women then. 0 2964 Joining Social Justice Organizations / Getting Politically Educated
 ; TD: So, I started to go to Gay Activist Alliance meetings in New York City. I would take the bus into the city. I both went for the politics and to meet boys, truth be told. There’s nothing wrong with combining that. I think that’s one of the reasons ACT UP was so very successful. And I met these two, Rick and Ron, I think, and they were librarians and they had an organization they founded called Le-Hi-Ho, which is both a great name and an unfortunate name, all at the same time. 0 3279 Coming Out to Parents / Being Out at Lehigh TD: 
 ; Oh, I told my parents I was gay -- oh, I can’t remember now, was it freshman or sophomore year? I will remember this but can’t remember now. I think it was after my sophomore year. And they were very upset about it. And actually, my younger brother also said he was gay, but I was the older, I was probably the bad influence on him or something. The brother a year older than me at one time thought he wanted to be a Maryknoll missionary. 0 3678 Staring an LGBTQIA+ Group at Lehigh TD: As I recall, I think Phil might have been, or he was threatened one time, pretty much. We got threatening phone calls. I wrote letters to the Brown and White, “How dare you presume that everyone is heterosexual,” these lines that I picked up from all these political books that I had read. And I asked to create, I think it was Lehigh Homophile. Homophile, what kind of word is that? I guess it was just a word that I just -- actually, Le-Hi-Ho, which was Ron and Rick’s group, it’s both a great name and kind of a funny name, homophile is just not a great name at all. What are we, in Greece? They wouldn’t even say it there. I don’t even know where it came from. 0 4608 Organizing at a Young Age TD: Anyway, you know what? In my life, now, people have said to me, “How do you organize?” Because I was, from a very early age, organizing. And I said, “Well, you just start doing stuff and you try to get others to do it with you. That’s basically how it’s done.” In addition to joining every club in my high school, I was thinking back on this, I also was very active in my parish team clubs, not because I was so into the parish, but it was just another way to not be home and my brother, John, of course, was the head of it but I was the program director, so I was in charge of putting together dances. And I did things like that. 0 4837 Graduating from Lehigh / Returning to Be a Speaker TD: But I wanted to leave. And so, I really tried. The first summer, I didn’t want to go home and I wanted to be with my then-boyfriend for that first year so I took classes. And then, after my sophomore year I took classes that summer, also. And I was thinking about the various jobs. I worked at a luncheon in New York when I was 17, which I actually loved. I have to be around people when I work. 
 ; 
 ; So, I took six courses or something. I tried to take additional courses so I could get out sooner. I took courses, summer courses. And I just needed to take two more classes. It took me two years, but I did. So, I left at the time of the students in the class of ’75 were graduating, but I’m actually class of ’76, and I got my degree in 1977, and my parents were very happy I got that. 0 5300 Leaving for New York / Political Beginnings TD: I had to leave Lehigh. I needed to get out. And I came to New York. But I continued on a path of working during the day and doing community and LGBT. I think it was miracle we started to say lesbian and gay, which was a step up from saying gay and lesbian, but anyway. I continued being active in the queer community and non-queer community and my life went on. 
 ; 
 ; There’s something that happened a little while ago and I think it started with when I was telling you about acting gayer than -- maybe I’m ashamed to say that I was acting gayer than I would normally act. I feel in a way that’s a terrible thing to say, because another thing that, from my childhood or my adolescence that I remember is to be very, very careful about how I walked. 0 5767 Choosing Battles TD: Because as a gay person -- and this was big when I was in elected office -- you have to choose your battles because I was always the only one. If there’s two queers, well, then they can take turns and then other people start to do it. When you’re the only one, I would talk to everybody. When I talked with people, “We’re the only people. We have to decide every day whether or not to come out.” And I mean that. 0 6056 Being Out Unapologetically
 ; TD: I do want to talk about all the rest but it’s amazing to me that at Lehigh now, that there would be an affirmative effort to get queer people into fraternities and sororities, like unbelievable to me. Even when they started having the lounge for the LGBTQ community, I can’t imagine the people were joining fraternities and sororities up until very recently, being open about who they were with their sexual orientation. 0 6277 Impact on LGBTQ+ Community at Lehigh University MF: I just want to say, listening to you talk about it, you were compelled at Lehigh, to be an out student, it felt like a calling to you. And I just wrote a brief history of LGBTQIA-plus activism on campus and I went through the Brown and White and I went through the yearbooks. 
 ; 
 ; To my mind from what I’ve been able to find, Rick Balmer, James Hopkinson were involved with that early Le-Hi-Ho, but what I’ve been able to find, you were the first out person on campus that was advocating for a public group, not a support group, public group for gay students at that time, at Lehigh. 0 6611 Closing Remarks TD: I think that’s great. I’m thrilled. Really, the world is changing, and I tell students, “You’ve got to hang on to what it is and build on it because it could slip away. It could slip away and don’t let that happen.” What I say about Lehigh, even though it wasn’t a real recognized group, “Never give up the franchise,” but I did give up the franchise. But if I could have, I would have, even if there was one member, just to keep it alive. Maybe there’s no need -- there is still an ACT UP, but there’s a lot of organizations that I’ve been a part of, Queers for Economic Justice is one. 0 MovingImage Thomas Duane recounts the early years of his life, his relationship with sexuality and time at Lehigh University, as well as his early interactions with activism and politics. MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, and I'm here with Senator Thomas K. Duane to talk about his life and experiences in the Lehigh Valley and beyond -- including New York, importantly -- as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This year our project has funding from ACLS, and we are meeting today at the Senator's office in Manhattan on February 17th, 2022. So, thank you so much for your willingness to speak to me today. THOMAS DUANE: It's a pleasure, and I'm glad that -- I think I'm the more difficult person to tie down, but I'm glad we were all able to get tied down together. I'm very happy to be here and talk. MF: Me, too. Thank you so much. And just a few -- TD: Talk about me. Me, me, me, me. MF: That's what we're here to do. TD: Who doesn't want to talk about...? MF: To start, would it be possible for you just to state your full name? TD: Sure. Thomas K. Duane, D-U-A-N-E. The K stands for Keen. And I was born January 30th, 1955. My mother was born January 31st, 1925. And when she had me the woman in the next bed said, "Couldn't you have waited another day?" And she said, "Oh, no. I couldn't." But anyway, so I'm very much like my mother in many ways. So, I am 67 which I cannot believe. That I'm even alive is completely miraculous but I love Ariana Grande, and Taylor Swift. I don't act my -- in my head, I'm younger. But I'm on Medicare, I'm firmly ensconced in Medicare at the age of 67 now, which I am very much in favor of. Which, when I saw some people who supported a former president, they said, "What do you think about the government running Medicare?" And they said, "That's terrible. The government will mess up Medicare. That's an awful idea." Here I thought to myself, "Why don't they teach civics in school anymore?" Okay. MF: I want to hear more about that. But first, I just want to go back over consent. Before we started the interview, you signed a consent form. TD: Yes, absolutely. MF: I just want to confirm, do you consent to this interview today? TD: Yes. MF: Do you consent to having this interview transcribed and digitized, made publicly available online? TD: Yes. MF: And do you consent to our LGBTQ Archive using your interview for educational purposes in other formats such as articles, websites, publications, et cetera? TD: Yes. I was going to make a joke, but I'll just say yes, absolutely. It would be my pleasure. MF: And I do want to remind you that after we transcribe the interview, you'll have 30 days after I deliver it to you electronically to review it. And you can identify things you want to delete, or you could withdraw the whole interview from the project, if you wanted to. TD: Let's hope we don't go down that road. [laughs] MF: We won't put it online until we get your final approval. TD: If I don't say a name and then I think, "Oh, I'm just going to go and use the name," maybe you could flash that name up? [laughter] Okay. MF: Well, I think we're ready to start. Since oral history is a life arc, I'm going to ask you if you'd be willing to tell me a little bit about the early years of your life. TD: I was actually born in a hospital in Chelsea, a French hospital. It's now affordable housing, so I'm happy about that. But it was a hospital, and it had the maternity wing. I only say that because when I ran for office, I could truthfully say I was born in Chelsea. But my parents at the time lived in Queens, in an apartment that my aunt had formerly lived in. But I was the cause of them moving to Flushing. I was raised a Roman Catholic. And for various reasons, I've had to say that I may not be the poster boy for Roman Catholicism, but I'm infused with it, let's say. Actually, one of the classes that I teach, I talk about whether religion belongs in politics and government and public policy. And everyone says, "No, no, no," I said, "So, no giving money to churches that have pantries? No programs run by religious institutions for formerly incarcerated people?" So, it's a very complicated issue. Anyway, and so I think my Roman Catholicism did, and continues to inform my worldview because I moved from masses being said in Latin. I have two older brothers, I had one younger brother who has passed away, who's also gay. He died of a brain tumor in his mid-thirties. So, we were four boys. My two older brothers were kind of perfect. Great grades, lots of friends, very good at athletics. And then, there was me. Maybe this is telling about my personality, my brother who's an Irish twin, he's a year-and-a-half older than I am, when he was moving from first to second grade, I was really only eligible to go to kindergarten, but I was born in January of 1955 and I did go to kindergarten in a public school -- Catholic schools didn't have kindergarten -- for a few days. But I demanded to go to first grade and somehow, I don't know how I convinced my parents to do this, but my local parish, which is St. Andrews, did not have any room, so I went to a neighboring parish called St. Michael's to their first grade. And it was incredibly traumatic. It was -- the nuns there -- I was in the first grade. I remember the uniforms we wore. But every day, there were children crying, and children being hit, and having their hands hit. It was just a nightmare. And fortunately, my local school had an opening so I went to St. Andrews. I don't know whether you can tell, I got all tense talking about that, like I remember that so clearly how sad it is for the kids that were stuck there. But I got out and I went to St. Andrew's where, not that no one ever got hit, but I think my parents made it clear that none of us were ever to be struck or anything. The classes were huge. There were 53 children in my class and there were three first grade classes. And I think it was ranked in smart, medium, not so, which is horrendous. But fortunately, I was at least in the smart class. Both my brothers were really high achievers, and I was above average, but I was not a rockstar. And I'm an ADHD, which will become clear as this interview goes on. [laughs] Of course, I didn't know that. I actually did know until I was in my forties, but it explained an awful lot about my life. I'll tell one story of something that happened. It was maybe the fifth grade, I believe. And we were supposed to do an art project over weekend of making a clown face and we were supposed to -- and I missed the instructions, I think -- it was supposed to be tiny little pieces of construction paper glued down so it was made a mosaic clown face. But mine, I tore big pieces of paper. And I do love contemporary and modern art, so maybe I was a little bit ahead of the rest of my class. That's what my clown was made of, big, torn pieces of construction paper. But I was called in front of the class, shown to everybody this is wrong and terrible. And then, this particular nun said in a voice that kids who went to Catholic school will recognize, in a very loud whisper, allegedly only so I would hear it, but such that the entire class heard it, she said, "You come from such a nice family, and none of us know what's wrong with you." And that has stuck with me. It's one of the things I have in my head. I had it in my head, even though I loved doing art and drawing and crayons and paint, after that, I didn't, until I was in a therapy group and the co-director was an art therapist. I guess I recounted this story and she said, "There's no such thing as doing art wrong." I was in my forties or my fifties. And so, then, I went to see her a few times, not because -- I mean, I love art therapy, but I was already in therapy, I had plenty of therapy my whole life -- but if I could sit there and make art while I talked with her, so I could speak with her. And so, it was, "Oh, no such thing as making art wrong." And of course, I kind of knew that because I love museums. And in fact, at Lehigh, they had a borrowing program where you could borrow paintings from the library, I guess? I don't know, I guess they were from the library, and you could hang them up in your dorm room. And I did. It was a Degas, I believe I had, in my freshman year. I guess I was a little non-binary as it came to my approach to art. Anyway. Of course, I also tried out to be an altar boy and you had to memorize everything in Latin and I failed the first time. I didn't make the cut. So, it took two tries for me to pass the altar boy test. Which is true of a lot of things. It takes me a while to get things, but once I get it, I've really got it, because I think I learn a little bit differently. Of course, it was kind of a disgrace that I didn't make it right away. And then they got rid of Latin anyway, so seriously. I'm not going to go through the whole thing of what altar boys would say in Latin. I could, but I'm not going to. But the place I'm going to is, just packed with children in Flushing, Catholic, Catholic, Catholic. Actually, the closest Catholic high school where I lived is a school called Holy Cross, where I ended up going. But I actually didn't want to go there. I wanted to go to Fordham Preparatory School, which was in the Bronx, which was a subway and two busses away, and my parents, they did not want me to go. It was a good school, and so, I got in, but they wouldn't let me go there. My home life, my family looked really good on the outside. We were one of our parish's first families, in a way. We were really well put-together when we went to mass on Sundays and other things. I mean, except for me. I probably wasn't in lockstep with everyone else. But anyway, my home life internally was not particularly happy. My parents had a very difficult marriage, and this is one of those things in therapy where I now have to get over talking about some of the things in my childhood is not telling secrets or telling on my family. So, they liked to drink, my parents. And they caused problems in our household. And my parents were also very controlling and I was very hard to control. I actually tried to run away when I was little, on more than one occasion. I actually did run away from home, if that's what it's called when I only stayed away for a few weeks, when I was maybe a junior in high school, I think. And I did finally come home, and I made amends to my parents because I realized how horrible it must have been for them, no matter what was going on at home, awful it must have been for them to not know where I was and what was happening to me. So, as an adult, I realized that. But my home life was not that happy. And the other thing is, my father was a coach of all things athletic. And the Catholic church was so virulently in the lives of families and children who went to Catholic school, that we had our own sports league, the Catholic Youth Organization leagues, and my father coached baseball and we all played -- my brothers and I -- every Saturday, sometimes Sundays, we'd play in season, baseball, basketball, football. It was like another day of school for me. I mean, sports, it's one of those things it took me a while to get good at it. I never really got really good at it, but I got okay at all of them. It just took me awhile, like with everything else to get good at it. But it was difficult. There wasn't much freedom and being in organized sports leagues. And I actually was not bad at all, but when my father was around, for some reason, I kind of know in retrospect what the reason was, but I would be really terrible at sports when he was there. It had to do with some shame stuff that was happening with me, which I'm sure was compounded by my, though I didn't know it, being gay and different than everyone else. So, I was pretty good when he wasn't around, when he was around, I was terrible. But it was sort of valuable that I learned how not to be afraid of the ball as a boy, and not to throw like a girl, and all these things. And I also learned to make sure that I walked in a way that was like the way the other boys walked, as well. And in elementary school, and in high school, it took me a couple of years, always, to get comfortable and to make friends. I really had to get the lay of the land first, before I could step out and be myself. I was just going to say, "shine," so I'll say shine. Did I shine? I don't know whether I shined. There were eight or nine classes of each class, so there'd be eight or nine freshman sophomore classes, and there was an honors class which both of my brothers had been in. And yes, you guessed it, I was not in the honors class. I was in the second honors class, such a disgrace. But I manipulated my way around that one, too, because I decided to take Latin for four years. And so, that separated me from my class in some ways. And so, I took some classes with the boys in the honors class. I'm pretty good at -- I should say, how do you think I got elected? That's how I got elected, doing things like that. But I actually strongly believe that my grades improved when I was with the more higher achieving, more expected to be high-achieving students. And so, I strongly believe that it's important that there be a diversity of students in every way, including how quickly they pick things up. The thing is, Catholic school, now that I think about probably impacted my experience at Lehigh and how I learn is that for instance, the clown story, remaking the art, if the nun -- I'm pretty sure her name was Sister Mary-Margaret, God rest her soul, or Sister Margaret-Mary. I can't remember which. But anyway, she may have given the instructions of the tearing of little paper, but I may not have gotten it. And I didn't know that you could ask to have an assignment, or directions repeated. But even if I did, in Catholic school, you couldn't ask anyway. But often, I would come into class having had done the wrong pages in the math book because I didn't always catch the assignment. I broke my leg in the fourth grade -- I'm telling too much about my life story, you'll never get out of here. This interview is going to go on forever. Anyway, I broke my leg in the fourth grade, and I had a near public elementary school teacher come to my house every day for an hour, and when I went back to school, I had finished all the books of that grade within that one fall month. It was probably October, maybe September or something, because I broke my leg at the end of the summer, early fall. So, I was already done with everything. So, the fourth grade was a breeze because I'd already done everything. But because I was with -- that's the other thing I strongly believe, because everyone learns differently, and lots of students, including myself, it would have been helpful if I always knew that I could count on being able to sit with someone one-on-one, just for a little bit of time to catch onto things. And I'm not sure, I try to make sure that to do that because I do some teaching. And I always say, "There is no stupid question. The only stupid question is the one you don't ask. But really, you can ask anything and I'll repeat anything. It's fine. It's fine." And I really do feel that way. Anyway. And it can be done without holding back the class, but I digress. So, I went to an all-gay high school -- no, it was an all-boys high school. Actually, my freshman year, there was a student, Richard Sullivan, who I think he was more sophisticated and more worldly than I was. I think he had a girlfriend, like a real girlfriend, in his freshman year. But he knew there was something different about me, and I knew there was something different about me. I don't think I was really fully aware that it was that I was gay. But anyway, he caught on to it and he started to pick at me a little bit. And this was something I had learned at a much younger age, I challenged him to a fight. And so, out we went one day after school to the Carvel, right by Utopia Parkway, only Queens would have Utopia Parkway, and we had a fistfight. And I feel like, I don't know whether it was the whole school there, but there was a big crowd watching this fight. And we fought and fought and punched and wrestled and whatever until we were just too tired to do it anymore. And he had a bloody lip, and I had a black eye, and that was it. We became sort of friendly after that. But nobody ever picked on me either, because -- and I know this is wrong and I would never advise this to children, I would never say -- sometimes it's just better to have the fight, even if you're going to lose because nobody wants to fight. So, if you fight with one person even if you lose, no one else wants to fight with you because no one really wants to fight. That's not true in every case, and I know there are better ways to diffuse problems. But anyway, that's what worked for me. And it worked for me when I was in elementary school, too. But one of the things -- and this is from when I was very young in elementary school because I was a big kid and I learned how to stand up and fight for myself in the play streets or wherever it was, but I was a little kid. I felt terrible for the children. It wasn't necessarily that they were gay, but overweight, or, I don't know, didn't dress -- when they got made fun of or pushed around, I was a little kid, I was kind of helpless to do anything about it and it just really stuck with me about how horrible and unfair it was for them. So, I would try to be friendly, but I couldn't really protect them. Or, I didn't know how to, I guess. But I felt some kinship with them. But I was able to pass and hang out with the normal boys. Four years of high school. When I was a freshman -- okay, we're going into an R-rated territory, here. Maybe it's only [PG]. There was a football player who, to this day, I can remember that I had a crush on him, and I think he had a crush on me because one time we were alone in the locker room after having showered, and he started chasing me around the locker room with a towel and fooling around. He was running after me and I think, oh, I should have let him catch me. What was I thinking? But from then on, at a school dance, he would bring his childhood sweetheart -- he actually married her and they had many children and he worked with the New York City Uniformed Services. My older brother John was an assembly member from the part of Queens we grew up in and I know where this person lives. I always hoped that my brother would send me door knocking on his block so I could knock on his door. [laughs] But when I would see him at the school dances, he would introduce me to his girlfriend who has become his wife, and I'm not going to say her name, but let's just say her name was Mary. It wasn't Mary. "This is my girlfriend, Mary, it's nice to see you." But he would turn beet-red. And I think he continued to a combination of both like me and was has a little embarrassed that he had maybe shown his cards, if you will, that we liked each other. The things I remember from high school. He was very popular, too, in the school. Very popular. Academically, he did well, but he also was a good football player. So, I was playing sports on Saturdays all the time still through high school, but I also joined a lot of different clubs and organizations in the school because I didn't really want to go home that much. And as I say, I also picked up swimming. So, in the CYO, Catholic Youth Organization, I was on the swimming team and my best thing was distance swimming. I loved it. I loved the water. But when I think about it, sometimes I say I was really great and everything my parents didn't like, so I was best at the sport that my father was not that involved with. I'm always a little rebellious, that Tom Duane. I'm sure there's more to say about high school. I remember one of the reasons I came home from having had left home when I was an adolescent was that I was like, "If I can just make it to going away to college, then I'll get out of here, and so I better go back so I can leave." And I applied to a bunch of different schools. Some, I think, were reaches. One, I applied to Dartmouth. I didn't go up to the school to have an interview but I was interviewed by the alumni in an office building in Midtown Manhattan and I got on the elevator to go to the interview and the elevator started to go, and it dropped 30 floors right before the interview. So, I went into the interview in not really peak condition, but I didn't say anything about the elevator. I probably should have. But they said to me, "Well, if you got into Dartmouth, would you go?" And I'm like, "I'm not sure." Well, I wasn't sure because the goddamn elevator -- it had nothing to do with Dartmouth. [laughs] It was a near-death experience. Anyway, But Lehigh was on the list, and Colgate, and Oberlin, and Middlebury, although I also really kind of wanted to go to Hunter, but it was more important that I should leave home. And so, I got into these schools, but I decided to go to Lehigh. And I don't know I decided to go there because I knew what it was like. Oh, the thing I was going to say, I was fortunate enough to live from Latin mass, and then folk masses, and revolutionary theology, the missionaries that would be in Latin America that were politically organizing, as well, and they really -- so, now there was something in my Catholicism that I really could hold on to. And I guess I didn't really have a political point of view. My father was Republican. He was an Independent who voted Republican, and my mother was -- Kennedy was a saint on that side of the family, and the Kennedys, they also for a long time -- many of them still do it for me. I admire them. Every family has terrible stuff, I guess. I guess even then, I was interested in political -- where was I going with this? I just got sidetracked. Oh, liberation theology. The thing that changed me dramatically, and I wish I could say it was a raid on the Black Panther Party or something, but what it was, was the shooting of the students at Kent State had a huge impact on me. I thought, "Oh my gosh, soldiers will shoot students?" My whole worldview changed. And that was, I think, the biggest thing. I also loved Bobby Kennedy. I said I was born in 1955. I would listen to a transistor radio under my pillow, and not just pop music, which to this day, I like, still. I like other kinds of music, too. Look at me defensively saying that. I like pop music, what can I say? I still like pop music. I sometimes still listen to American Top 40. I want to keep up and I like that music. Anyway, but I was huge for Bobby Kennedy Jr., and I was listening under my pillow with the transistor radio when he won the California primary, and I was listening when he got shot, and all alone in my room -- well, I shared a room with one of my brothers -- but with the transistor radio, and again, that had a huge impact on me. And then, Martin Luther King's assassination, Bobby Kennedy, and JFK was huge. When he was assassinated... My grandmother, my mother's mother, who was the adult in my life who saved me, but for her I don't know what would have happened, but she was the one with completely, totally, unconditional love. And I would say I could do no wrong with her but that's not accurate. I did do things wrong. But the way she corrected me was to say, "Well, maybe this would be a better way to do it." She was so gentle with it. And my mother's mother lived pretty close to us. There'd be lots of times when my grandmother would say to my mother, "Why don't I take Tom to my house for a few days?" And that was like, I was on my way to heaven then. It was really great. They say one adult -- I really believe this -- can make all the difference in a kid's life. She was the one. Anyway, she passed away right after JFK died, of cancer. She had breast cancer, but we were told it was throat cancer, just because that's how it was done. I didn't realize for years and years later, no, she didn't have throat cancer, she had breast cancer. And it was terrible. I remember, it was awful. Because the way they treated breast cancer then was just horrendously -- just awful. Of course, because it was women -- I now know if it had been a man, they never would have treated someone the way they treated women who had breast cancer. It was just awful. Anyway. So, I knew that if I started to smoke cigarettes, I would be smoking cigarettes. If I started to drink, I would drink. If I started to smoke pot, I would smoke pot. And if I started to have sex, I would have sex. And 17, that's when the dam broke. And I don't think this is the reason I went to Lehigh, but Lehigh was not known as a druggie school. It wasn't. It was not, not a druggie school, let's just say that. But it was more well-known for its consumption of alcohol. It was a big frat school. And I guess, honestly, I think I was trying to please my father by going there. As one therapist said to me, "You should stop worshipping at the altar of your father." And so, I guess I was worshipping at his altar. So, off I went to Lehigh. I requested to live in a dorm that was mixed classes and that was co-ed. That meant that the girls, the second year that women were admitted to Lehigh. So, there were maybe 300 women and 3,000 men on campus. But I lived in a dorm where some of the women lived. There were other dorms that were women only. But anyway, they lived in one half. M& ; M was the name of the dorm. And the men were on the other side. It was mixed classes. I kind of thought, "No one here is going to smoke pot or anything." The first day, literally, as I was going into my first dorm room, I was walking by a door two doors away from mine and walked by someone who you just knew he was a football player and he said to me, "You want to come in and smoke a joint with me?" I wasn't even there an hour. So, first of all, he was someone I should be terrified of, right? But of course, I was down to smoke a joint. It was unbelievable. I was like, "I didn't think there was any marijuana in all of Lehigh." That's not true. In fact, one time later on, I was sitting in the room and there was an article in the Brown and White that said, "There are no drugs in the Engineering School," and I was sitting in the room, and everybody was an engineering student except for me and they were all smoking pot. So, that stereotype didn't really work. It was not that true. I was from the get-go a problem drinker, although you couldn't tell. I had, I guess what you would call a wooden leg, and just much later on in my life I did go into recovery which I've been in now for almost 40 years, 30 something years. It saved my life. But I was just getting started then. And generally, in college, I did well. Some things I did really well in and some things not so much. And as I now know, it's that ADHD thing, if I was interested, I did great. If I wasn't interested, I got by. And I was an American Studies and an Urban Studies major. I had a double major. I don't know how, but I didn't have to take statistics. I don't know how I made it that I didn't have to take statistics as an Urban Studies major, but I did not. I would love to take statistics now as an adult, but I think I knew it wasn't going to be a match made in heaven then. But anyway, I didn't have to take it. And my oldest brother, Jimmy, my father is Jim, my brother is Jimmy, and he has a son named James who went to Lehigh, was a Griffin, which people at Lehigh know the Griffins are residence halls counselors, I was a Griffin, which was so much easier. I was a Griffin. And I made it. I got in. Now, my brother was head of the Griffins but I don't think he got involved in my -- of course, I had the same last name but I mean, I think, as I said, drugs were -- you could be thrown out for smoking a joint, I think. But as I say, I was pretty good at -- I mean, look at me. Do I look like someone who would smoke a lot of pot and drink too much and maybe experiment with -- no, I have an angelic face. So, maybe that got me. Anyway, I was chosen to be a Griffin and I chose the floor, it was the dorm at the very top of the hill. This is something that I hope someone will flash the name of this dorm, it was the dorm at the very highest, it was above Richards, and not near M& ; M, it was as you're facing the mountain to the left. I have great calves as a result. I had pretty good calves to begin with, but they really got great there. Anyway, there were two smaller floors. And so, my brother suggested that, if I was going to get that floor, that I ask that this other guy, Bruce, be a Griffin on the floor above me. He was a year older than I was. And I actually loved being a resident hall counselor, a Griffin. And at the time, freshman had to write themes. All their freshman year, every semester, they had to take an English class where they had to write a theme every week, I want to say. It didn't matter what school they were in. And they would come to me to help with their grammar and their spelling, because I took Latin, I was pretty good at that stuff then. Maybe I'm still okay at it. But I was pretty good. And so, I helped them with their writing. I think back on that, because I wanted to be a teacher, which I didn't become for a very long time, but maybe that started to show then. And they really liked me and trusted me. This is going to make me start crying, because I didn't know whether they were going to, because I'm different. And something that I know now that I'm kind of proud of is that kids and adolescents and young people and animals feel safe around me. And I could have not been that way at all, but it is that way. And I think they felt really safe around me. And in fact, a couple of them wanted to experiment with pot, and they asked if they could smoke pot with me because they felt safe doing that, which was another -- I mean, if Dean Quay is -- oh, he doesn't care anymore. But in a way, it's a huge compliment that they wanted to smoke pot, but they wanted to do it safely, and they asked if they could smoke pot with me. So, I helped them with their themes. I don't know. And I also participated in a dance marathon, which I came in third or fourth place. But I lasted the whole time. I came back, and they were the most amazing cheering support group ever for me in that. So, that was all wonderful. But at the age of 17, I came out sexually and politically, started to. Politically slowly, sexually pretty, in a way, slowly, also. But I'm actually a little bit bisexual, and I actually was out at one time as a bisexual in the Columbia Spectator, which is the Columbia University newspaper because I went to a pro-bi rally and so, they said, "Openly bisexual councilmember." And I think bisexuals have it really hard. So, I always identified gay, but I don't have a perfect Kinsey score. And I knew I would end up with a man, but I have to be -- anyway. So, I was sleeping with men and women then. But I'm going to go back to freshman year because there was something huge happening. So, also on my floor there was someone who had transferred in as a junior from another school. And he lived in the Valley, but he stayed in the dorm. And he'd been to another college, and he had had a girlfriend there. But we hung out together. There was a little group of us, freshmen, and people of all classes, we hung out together. And at some point, I realized that I was falling in love with him, and as far as I knew, he was straight. And I remember walking on campus with him the first semester and I said -- I don't know what to call him, let's say his name is Larry. That wasn't his name. I don't know how I got the courage to do this but maybe this is just how I am. I said, "You know, Larry, I think I've started to develop some feelings for you." I knew it was risky. And then he said to me, "Oh, well, I'm starting to have feelings for you, too." And we went on to have an affair. So, it was my first relationship. And I was really in love with him. I was, unfortunately, incapable of sustaining a relationship. That was on me. But he really loved me. And I really loved him. I just, for reasons that had to do with why I've been in therapy since the age of 21, was just unable to sustain the relationship. And we had to hide it. So, if my roommate was not there, then we would, you know, and if his roommate was not there, if someone went home for the weekend, one of our roommates, who knows whether we were -- actually, one time, I thought I saw -- I did see his roommate when I was campaigning for the city council, and walking along right by Manhattan Plaza, which is where a lot of people in the Performing Arts live. I don't think he lived there, and I'm forgetting his name right now, which is just as well. And he was walking down the block and I said "will you sign the petition" and I realized I know this guy and I think he might have been gay, but it didn't occur to me then. My gaydar is pretty good. My lesbian-dar is pretty good. My bi-dar is all pretty good. Not the best in the world, but I can compete. But I just never gave it any thought. We were so afraid. And he was kind of shy. Anyway, it's just how ironic. And who knows, maybe he did -- he probably did -- I'm sure people knew. Dorm room doors were not that thick anyway. So, I fell in love. But I never went home during the summer. I took courses at Lehigh. I didn't want to go home. And my goal was to try to graduate in three years, which I almost made it, but not quite. And I guess it must have been the summer after my sophomore year, but it was during -- let's see, I got there in '72-'73, so '74-'75 was when I met Phil, and Bruce, and Craig. So, the other Griffin who was upstairs and had a small floor, but we treated him like we were just one happy family, was gay, and I helped him come out. I actually do recruit. I do. Or at least I invite. So, he actually is gay, and actually, there was girl at Lehigh that I said something about, that maybe it was too much for people, and I remember her saying, "No, I don't think so." And of course, later on, after I left school and I had kept in touch with her, and she came out as a lesbian, so maybe I -- I was able to be out. I always think about this. Not everybody was able to be out, and I was able to be out there. It was a gift. I'm never critical of people's struggles about coming out, but for me, it was almost like I had no choice. Anyway, after my sophomore year, our relationship didn't last past that first summer, unfortunately. And again, it was on me. Have I said that enough, that it was my fault that we didn't last? But it was that summer that I started to become gay, politically, way more than I had been. And I did a lot of things. There was a gay bar in Allentown, go figure, which I went to when I was in what turned out to be in my final year at Lehigh. I went there with Craig, and Bruce, and Phil, and maybe Cindy, who was the only woman in our group. We were lucky to have any women since there was so women there in our little queer group. So, I guess I need to separate a few things, even though they were happening at the same time. So, I started to go to Gay Activist Alliance meetings in New York City. I would take the bus into the city. I both went for the politics and to meet boys, truth be told. There's nothing wrong with combining that. I think that's one of the reasons ACT UP was so very successful. And I met these two, Rick and Ron, I think, and they were librarians and they had an organization they founded called Le-Hi-Ho, which is both a great name and an unfortunate name, all at the same time. But because they were librarians, they had every gay book imaginable, and they had lots of contemporary political books that had been written by gay activists. And I read them voraciously. Actually, these books were actually the -- I'd like to think of myself as a feminist, I like to think of myself as someone who's tried to both fight against racism, though I know I made mistakes, but my intentions I think have been good. I started to read. I read every feminist book I could get my hands on. One of them was Jill Johnson who is very funny, and she had a column in the Village Voice, and she wrote, she never capitalized any letters, and I don't know, she was not that great with sentences, but she was so funny, both her column and the books that she wrote. And many years later, I met her at a literary agent's house because she was Jill Johnson's agent and I was in the city council at the time. And she was with her partner, who was from Denmark, and I was like, "Oh my God, I can't believe I'm meeting you," because I get kind of gushy with people. I was like, "I love you," whatever. And she said, "And the most important thing to me is that we can get married," and I was like, "Oh my God, Jill Johnson wants to get married?" She was totally opposed, are you kidding? I was shocked. But of course, it was so they could be together. But I was like, "I can't believe this, I thought we were post-marriage." But anyway, it was still a thrill to meet her. And she just stands out. I read Kate Millett books, and I want to say Audre Lorde, yes, I did, but there was a white woman, I can't remember her name. And I listened to records that were produced by Redwood Records, which was a lesbian record label. I hope I'm ascending towards becoming a lesbian, that I haven't peaked and I'm on my way down now, because I'm a girl boy, I call myself. You know some women are more comfortable around men, and some men are more comfortable around men, I am a man who is most comfortable when there's lots of women around. In fact, my first job in New York City was working for six creative people at an ad agency, six women. It was all women copywriters and art directors, and I was their administrative assistant and I loved that. Of course, they loved it, too. I don't think I caused that to happen, but it was a happy coincidence. I read the autobiography of Malcolm X, that just really stands out. Manchild in the Promised Land, many other books having to do with Black liberation. I was aware of the Young Lords, which was a Puerto Rican, it was like the Black Panthers, but they were for people who were Puerto Rican in New York. So, all of this liberation literature, I just devoured it. And then, who knew there was a whole treasure trove of gay stuff, too. And so, because of Rick and Ron, I got to read a ton of those books, too. And it all informed my point of view in the world. Very important to me, all those books. Anyway, so that was happening the summer before -- this will be my third year at Lehigh. Oh, I told my parents I was gay -- oh, I can't remember now, was it freshman or sophomore year? I will remember this but can't remember now. I think it was after my sophomore year. And they were very upset about it. And actually, my younger brother also said he was gay, but I was the older, I was probably the bad influence on him or something. The brother a year older than me at one time thought he wanted to be a Maryknoll missionary. So, the Maryknoll priest used to send someone to visit our house on a pretty regular basis, and as my mother tells the story and this is true, it became very clear that my brother John did not want to be a Maryknoll missionary, that I wanted to be a missionary. I have met priests from that order who are gay, but they're not very gay positive. There are other Catholic priest orders who are more positive. I digress. But it maybe just tells you something about my character -- not character, but where my interests -- because again, it was liberation theology. [Inaudible] So, I told my parents that I was gay and they said, "Well, if you continue to be gay then we're not going to pay for you to go back to school," and I said, "Okay." And I went out and I got a cab driver's license and I rented an apartment in Jackson Heights, and all of a sudden, they realized that I really wasn't going to go back. So, then they went, "Well, wait a second, okay, we'll pay for you to go back. [laughs] But under three conditions." And the three conditions were, I had to speak with the chaplain at Lehigh, I had to go see a psychiatrist, and there was a professor at Lehigh who was sort of a liaison to students who thought they might be gay. And so, I agreed to that. I went to psychiatrist and he was like, "There's nothing wrong with you." I mean, there was, but gay was not the thing. And then, the chaplain at Lehigh... MF: [Duke Lusher?], I think it was. TD: Yes. Not a big deal to him, either, so I passed that test. And then, I went to see the professor who was the liaison to the gay students and I seduced him. I wasn't really interested in having -- it was just a one-night stand or a two-night stand, but it wasn't a match that was going to be made in heaven. Again, that's something else that all of us would have been thrown out of the school for. But anyway, I'm not sure, maybe he had sex once when he was much younger until I came along. But a few months after that, he met another professor from another school, and as far as I knew, they lived happily ever after since then so you're welcome, Professor. So, I passed that test, too, a little bit too much. I got an A-plus there. [laughs)] But in my senior year, I was out, out, at Lehigh. And I cannot say it was particularly well received at any level, administration, faculty, or students. And ironically, there were two associate deans of student affairs both of whom were gay. One was African American, one was white, and they were both gay. In the closet, but gay. And I'm not saying that they couldn't have, they would have lost their jobs. And I'm pretty sure that my freshman English teacher was a lesbian. I am absolutely sure that she was a lesbian, actually. So, no one go back and look at my transcripts to see who all these people are who was in the administration. Or maybe they don't care, but I don't want to out them. And I know that this woman, she was, of course, a woman not tenured. She taught writing and English. Her favorite book was Moby Dick. She loved Moby Dick. I think I took another English course with her besides the course where we had to write themes. But I lived off campus with Bruce and Craig and Phil and a couple of other people, women, who were friends of ours. I'm jumping ahead, but we used to have great parties with disco music, and everybody wanted to come party. The same people who might have wanted to beat us up under other circumstances wanted to come to the party and they would be doing the Bump with whoever would bump with them. And she came to a couple of those parties. I made sure to invite her and she came. She was a very serious woman, but she still came to the disco parties that we had. But the reason Craig and Bruce and Phil and I lived together was -- I don't know why I didn't continue as a Griffin, because I did love it. I left, probably, while people still liked me. So, it's best to leave when people are sorry to see you go than pushing me out the door. So, I lived off campus with them because Bruce and Craig were thrown out of their fraternity, Theta Chi, which was half ROTC and half hippies. It was a very non-binary fraternity. But they threw them out. And Phil was being a fraternity brother where you don't live there but you socialize there, so you go to parties and you take your meals there, you just don't live there. And he was banned, also, from that fraternity. And we hung out with each other openly but it was the first time that I experienced a bias crime, I guess you could say. I was never physically assaulted. As I recall, I think Phil might have been, or he was threatened one time, pretty much. We got threatening phone calls. I wrote letters to the Brown and White, "How dare you presume that everyone is heterosexual," these lines that I picked up from all these political books that I had read. And I asked to create, I think it was Lehigh Homophile. Homophile, what kind of word is that? I guess it was just a word that I just -- actually, Le-Hi-Ho, which was Ron and Rick's group, it's both a great name and kind of a funny name, homophile is just not a great name at all. What are we, in Greece? They wouldn't even say it there. I don't even know where it came from. Anyway, the name was not the reason they turned it down. The mission was the reason they turned it down. There was one lesbian member, Cindy, and another person who's gay, but at the time he was saying he was bisexual. Meanwhile, I was a little bi boy who was saying he was gay. But really, I am gay. I'm gay with just little bi overlays. We wouldn't get to have an organization. We weren't allowed to. And I can't even remember all the ways, but there were lots of ways that I tried to make the point that I was gay, like bringing it up in class when it wasn't really -- oh, and one time, Margaret Mead came to Lehigh and spoke in that hall where the wrestling takes place, that wooden -- it's a beautiful old building. It was the athletics center and they had wrestling in it. I think, in retrospect, why wasn't I going to wrestling matches? I mean, that would be like soft porn for me. But I rarely went to them. Lehigh was known as a great wrestling school. Who knew? Who knew? It's a good thing I didn't know. [laughs] Where was I going with that? Oh, Margaret Mead came. So, she was speaking and it was packed. And it must have been around an alumni weekend, or lots of parents there also. And then, she was taking questions from the audience, and of course, I threw my hand up, and I said something like, "What do you think about the way gay communities are growing around the country?" And something, whatever it was, she had gay in it, right? And she was a little flustered by this question and there was [gasps] from the audience. But me, I just put it right out there. And of course, in retrospect, she was a lesbian and she came out. You're welcome, Margaret. You're welcome. [laughs] MF: So, this is Mary Foltz, and I'm back with Senator Duane and he was just telling us a little bit about trying to organize a group for gay students at Lehigh, Dean Quay shot that down, that group didn't come to be supported by the university and sharing some stories about his friends at Lehigh, and I'm going to turn that back over to you. Are there other Lehigh memories that have come to mind? TD: Lehigh, the community of women was very small, still, compared to men, and for parties, women had to be imported. It's a terrible way to say it, but basically, there just weren't enough women to go to the fraternity parties, that sort of thing. But Phil in particular and I, not so much Craig and Bruce, they were African American and so there's a whole other layer of, I want to say discrimination is not really quite the -- it is appropriate but there's probably a more appropriate word to use, which maybe I will later. But Phil and I, we did things that were gayer. We did more stereotypical gay things to make the point than we were, just to make the point that we were gay. And we had a lot of fun doing that. [laughs] There was a certain kind of jeans that gay guys wore that had this yellow stitching. I got my hair cut in New York with this feather cut. There were also these cork shoes, they were sandals with a heel, but they were made out of cork with straps. We would wear those, or we'd take turns. Someone had a pair ; I think maybe Craig did. Anyway, we would wear gay clothes. I know that sounds weird, what's gay clothes? But I don't know. As I say, whenever I had the chance, I brought up something gay, especially in that last year when I was at Lehigh. And when I was a freshman, there was some other freshmen that I was kind of friends with and I think they wanted to be friends with me. I hadn't sought them out, but I knew that they wanted to be my friend. But what happened by being open about being gay is that there were some students who would continue to hang out with me or with us but then there were other students who would not. And the ones that would continue to hang out were both gay and not gay, and the ones who -- it's funny, I don't know what's happening, because now my face, I feel like it's having a shame attack, for some reason. I didn't say anything shameful, so thanks, Dad. But I can just feel all of a sudden it goes like this and my face turns red. You know what I think? I think it was I had a shame attack about dressing up and acting gay, which is just such a historic thing. So, it's hard to be gayer than I am, but I still have stuff around it. Anyway, where was I going with that? And so, there were students who would not be seen with us because they were gay and they thought by being near us they were -- and there were straight people that thought that people might think they were gay if they hung out with us. But then, there were gay people who may not have been out, but they hung out with us, came to our parties, or whatever. And heterosexuals, too. Maybe there were lots of questioning people, too, I don't know. But that is something I've noticed in my entire life, like when I was first elected to city council and I put together -- I'm always making groups. I tried making a group of city council employees who were gay and we didn't get many people to come. And I remember saying to them, "Has it been your experience that you sometimes don't want to be seen with me because people will think you're gay?" And they were like, "Yes, it's crossed our minds." And this is in 1992 in New York City working, and I'd been openly gay since, what, '74, whatever it is. Anyway, maybe schools that have gay-straight alliances maybe have helped with that, but I'm pretty sure it continues to happen. And I've also been thinking, even when I talk about any opportunity to bring up gay -- and I say "gay" because that's what we said then. When I move into the future, I say -- I actually prefer to say, "queer," which when I learned to say queer, I was so good with that because it's so inclusive. But because of gay-straight alliances, and I would have younger staff members at the newspaper and they're like, "That's an awful thing." So, then it was back to LGBTQIA-plus, which I always thought meant HIV-positive for years, but it doesn't, it just means et cetera, et cetera. So, sometimes I say LGBTQIA-plus-plus, because I'm living for a very, very long time with HIV, probably since 1982. Anyway, but I say gay, which I would never say now, contemporarily, but then, yes. We were sexist and I'm sorry about that. But that's just the way -- I'm educatable, let's say that. But I do know some of these students that I was acquainted with who were a little more reticent about being my friend. And when I think back on it, it didn't really hurt my feelings. I think I instinctively understood that they just weren't there yet. And there would be students that, for whatever reason, we might bump into each other on campus or something, and I'd know if a student asked me questions -- and this is something later on, in the '70s, actually, when I was in New York, I was a member of this organization called The Chelsea Gay Association, which I may or may not get up to, but we used to have rap sessions with police officers in the '70s. Saturday morning, we would get up and go to the precinct and we would talk with the police officers about what it was like to be gay, to try to make sense of it because the cops were not so great with the gays, you know what I mean? They were not our best friends. But we did that. And I would say, "If someone asks you, 'How did you tell your parents?' they're asking that question because they're wondering how are they going to tell their parents?" So, chances are -- maybe a person can say, "I have this friend who wants to tell their parents," or something. But it's a tell, I guess. And so, I was militantly, avowedly, determinedly gay in so many ways, but I was also not always that way. And I was approachable. But our group never really got bigger. We were tops, maybe five people. And we had meetings. Even though we weren't recognized we had meetings, we just created them ourselves. One time, we invited a group of lesbians from Reading to come and all of us be together. And I remember this so clearly, because I had read all this feminist and queer literature -- we didn't call it that -- well, actually, some people did say "queer," I guess. But anyway, I remember asking, "What do you read?" And they said, "Well, we meet and we read Ms., and we discuss it." And that's what lesbians in Reading, Pennsylvania, could do at that time. And they were, God bless them, hedging my bets, or Goddess bless them, that they were out enough to see us. I don't know how out they were in Reading, but they found each other. There were five or six, maybe. And we were all kind of desperate to find kindred spirits. And Lafayette started a little gay group, and we met with them, and it also was mostly men, male. Thank heavens, because we all got to sleep with someone different. [laughs] We'd all been through each other so we had to move out to new territory. It was a lonely existence. Oh, there was that bar in Allentown. We didn't go there that often. No one had a car. Anyway. The gay bar in Allentown. There was no Uber. I'm not saying that there was some romantic liaisons between Lehigh and Lafayette queers, I'm not saying that. There might have been some, let's say that. Perhaps there was some interaction. Anyway, there was Moravian, Muhlenberg, there was the Cedar Crest, and the unfortunately named Beaver College, which eventually, thank someone that they changed their name. I mean, you can only imagine at Lehigh -- the testosterone. But anyway, I know that we met students from all of those schools who were gay, but I can't remember whether they had any organized or sub culturally organized, or under the radar organizations. I kind of think they don't but maybe they did. I hope they did. But if they didn't, I hope they found each other. Anyway, you know what? In my life, now, people have said to me, "How do you organize?" Because I was, from a very early age, organizing. And I said, "Well, you just start doing stuff and you try to get others to do it with you. That's basically how it's done." In addition to joining every club in my high school, I was thinking back on this, I also was very active in my parish team clubs, not because I was so into the parish, but it was just another way to not be home and my brother, John, of course, was the head of it but I was the program director, so I was in charge of putting together dances. And I did things like that. From the age of 15, 16, put together ski trips to Vermont with two busloads of teenagers, and I'd arranged for the rooms and the ski lift ticket. How was I doing that? I don't know. I was just doing it. I don't even know whether I could do that now, but I did that then. So, I would create organizations and I did that later on in life, too. And I did that in high school with some people, we founded an organization called "Students for a Christian Society." We couldn't have it SDS, so we made it SCS. It's just liberation theology, that's what we were using as our blueprint for how the organization and what we were going to be for. But we used to do a reading and recreation program at a Catholic school in Harlem on Saturdays. We would go when we were in high school and we'd work with these elementary school kids and help them with reading. I put that together. And I worked. I worked for my father some of the time when I was younger. He was a stockbroker. But I also worked at a camp for developmentally disabled children, so it was mentally retarded children, who were called emotionally disturbed children, who I now know were autistic, but at the time, they were referred to as emotionally disturbed, which seems like it was their parents' fault, if you said that. But anyway, it was these two populations of kids and I was a counselor at that camp. They didn't really belong together, there was no reason to put them together. But anyway, we all had one, and I liked that. That was, again, under the auspices of the Catholic diocese and I met some people there. And I combined those people with the people from my Catholic team club and my high school friends, and that would be these groups that would be going and doing things. That's just what I did. And so, at Lehigh, I was a Griffin, I was a DJ, and I'm sure that I talked about gay stuff on my show. I played, obviously, records, too, it was a big thing. But I had to get a license. I don't even think you need a license to do it anymore, I had a radio license. One night a week I had a radio show. And I also joined an organization that went out and volunteered all over the place. I was a very active person. And as I say, I got some really good grades, and I got some really not so great grades. But I wanted to leave. And so, I really tried. The first summer, I didn't want to go home and I wanted to be with my then-boyfriend for that first year so I took classes. And then, after my sophomore year I took classes that summer, also. And I was thinking about the various jobs. I worked at a luncheon in New York when I was 17, which I actually loved. I have to be around people when I work. So, I took six courses or something. I tried to take additional courses so I could get out sooner. I took courses, summer courses. And I just needed to take two more classes. It took me two years, but I did. So, I left at the time of the students in the class of '75 were graduating, but I'm actually class of '76, and I got my degree in 1977, and my parents were very happy I got that. I believe Henry Kissinger spoke at the commencement when I actually graduated, which fortunately there was no Q& ; A. Fortunately for everyone there, there was no Q& ; A with Henry Kissinger at that graduation. And I was happy that I graduated also. I took a psychology course at NYU and I can't remember what the other two courses at NYU were -- anyway, I got my degree. I'm privileged. My parents paid for my college education and they paid for my books. But in terms of spending money, my parents were very strange. I also worked. I worked at the Lehigh University Bookstore. And I think I owe them an amends because I may possibly have taken a few things without paying for it from there. Oh, Julie Brinker. So, I went back to Lehigh around 1985 because my brother, my parents were going to a Lehigh-Lafayette game and I was like, "I want to go," and they were shocked. Like, "You never want to go to Lehigh," because I heard about this guy there who was trying to start a gay organization. So, they all went to the game and I sought him out. I just don't remember his name, now. Oh. Oh, oh, oh, oh. I'll think of it at some point. Anyway, same thing happened with him. There was a little group and then he graduated and there was nothing. That was the '80s. I don't really know. It wasn't until I was contacted by this woman in the alumni office, Julie Brinker, who is a lesbian, and she reached out to me, and I think one time before, I was invited to speak at a class at Lehigh, which is a very interesting experience. But shout out to Julie Brinker. She's left. She works, I think, for the public television stationed there, now. But she reached out to me so I have signed a thing, Lehigh is going to get at least 15,000 dollars when I die, no rush. But I'll add whatever was it that I may have taken from the bookstore. I just know I did. I don't even remember, maybe was a few albums, I can't remember. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. But I worked there to make money to, I guess, smoke and drink pot and party. I was very busy. It's really hard to drink and use drugs and organize at the same time, which is one of the reasons I gave up. I just didn't have time for it. When I spoke at Lehigh, maybe it was two times before I went with Julie Brinker, maybe when I was first elected or something to the council, I don't remember the circumstances, but Lehigh was the first place I ever went and spoke at. It was the early '90s where if it's a queer audience, I would sometimes say, "How many of you have been the victim of a hate crime, a homophobic hate crime, or had someone yell epithets and you were afraid that you might be physically," and everyone raised their hand. I don't think I've ever experienced someone who didn't raise their hand that that didn't happen to them. And I asked the same question at Lehigh, but I said, "How many have done that?" And several students raised their hands. And that was the first time I had ever experienced that, these students actually acknowledged that they had beaten up gay people or had verbally threatened gay people. And I don't really know how I handled it. I think just by them doing it and me being there maybe made them think again about not doing that, but I don't exactly remember. It was a little hazy. I was sober and everything by then, it's just it was a while ago, so I don't remember. But anyway, Julie Brinker, many times she would come to New York, we would have breakfast together, we would talk and talk about Lehigh and what was going on. And no one from Lehigh ever reached out to me with the exception of when my father, my brother. I have stuff with my father, but I love my father. I've forgiven him for all this stuff and I love him and he taught me many great things. And I love my brother, Jimmy, but I don't think he's ever smoked pot in his life. I know he's never smoked pot in his life. He doesn't have the same kind of history as I have, let's say that. Until you all reached out to me to do this, since Julie left, I haven't heard a word from Lehigh. And I'm not sure, I don't want to speak on her behalf, but she was good. She got me. If she'd stayed on, we still had plans to try to put together a bigger people that had come out after they left Lehigh to try to get us all together, but I think they didn't know, in that office, how valuable she was. And I'm not surprised. So, Lehigh, they have a lounge where everyone if they're not he/him, or she/her, and his, and hers, or they/them, which is just mind-blowing from the way it was when I was there. Which, of course, interestingly -- I shouldn't say -- it's a heterosexual student body, administrative people, many of them, I think, were heterosexual [inaudible] the ones that I was there that wouldn't let us have a gay group. It wasn't they wouldn't let us have a gay group, but two of them were gay guys. Ironic. I had to leave Lehigh. I needed to get out. And I came to New York. But I continued on a path of working during the day and doing community and LGBT. I think it was miracle we started to say lesbian and gay, which was a step up from saying gay and lesbian, but anyway. I continued being active in the queer community and non-queer community and my life went on. There's something that happened a little while ago and I think it started with when I was telling you about acting gayer than -- maybe I'm ashamed to say that I was acting gayer than I would normally act. I feel in a way that's a terrible thing to say, because another thing that, from my childhood or my adolescence that I remember is to be very, very careful about how I walked. And I'm a very stiff walker because I was terrified to walk gay. And I came out as a relatively young age for a time, but sometimes, I think that people who, they couldn't or wouldn't hide that they were too fem or too butch, if they were gay, or lesbian, or nonbinary, that they just were who they were, are, have an easier time later on in life because they get the bad stuff over with when they're younger. As I say, dancing, it's hard to dance when you're trying not to dance gay. And I didn't want to dance gay in front of the football player and his girlfriend. And that's true. It is absolutely true that I really did everything I could to minimize that. And I'm sure that lasted through my early days in college, even as I was coming out, there was some shame in the community, I think, while there's such horrible discrimination against, particularly people of transgender experience or expression, and non-binary people. So, I'm feeling a little ashamed of myself both because, thanks Dad, because I dressed and acted gay, more gay, more stereotypically gay, for a while. Not every day, every once in a while. I'm not saying that defensively, just sometimes you just had fun with it, but we didn't live to do it or anything. But the way I explained it, I feel there's that, "Oh, my father wouldn't approve of that," but it's also that I think I feel terribly that I was disrespectful towards people who were able to be who they were and didn't -- so, I'm sorry about that. And I've noticed since I said that that it's been hard for me to make eye contact, which is something I do. So, I'm a 67-year-old queer, I've been gay since I was 17, and militantly gay since I was 18-and-a-half or something, and yet, I still have stuff. My life went on. I became active in politics and I became the Democratic leader for the area that I lived in, it was an elected position, I had to run in a primary, an actual election in. And I ran and lost for public office. And I ran for the city council and I disclosed my HIV status. It was really sort of the first thing I sent out to people in the district, and there's a much longer story that goes with that. So, I hope I get a second chance to keep going because there's a big part of my life with that. And I went on. I think the same thing holds true for when I was at Lehigh, people went, "Why did you do that? Why did you try to start a homophile, why did you do that?" Because I had no choice. It was my calling. I don't think I really understood this until I have a friend who was a police officer and openly gay, which is tough. I also have one of the first female firefighters who is part of the lawsuit, and these are very, very brave people to be out in uniform services many years ago. But anyway, my friend Don said to me -- because, politically, you would think that I would be someone who didn't like the police at all, but I'm not. I'm like, "Listen, most police, they want to get the guy, they want to help people. I want to help people. And most elected officials are good and some are terrible. Most cops are good and some are terrible. And some ditch diggers are good and some are terrible. Some doctors are good and some are terrible. It's just the way it is." And he has a very interesting story because -- I can't remember whether his mother or his father had a blood transfusion and passed it to his other parent, and they died of AIDS. So, he was gay but his parents died of AIDS as a result of a blood transfusion. I was explaining to the students in a class that I teach how people divided the world between innocent victims and non-innocent, so they were innocent victims. He wasn't like that. We weren't like that at all, at all. But that would be it, they were innocent. Anyway, he said, "I became a police officer because it was a calling. It was like a vocation," like a person wanted to become a priest or a rabbi. It was a calling. And I think it was my calling, too, where I was able to do it so I did. But I had no choice. [inaudible] well, maybe, yes, but it doesn't feel that way to me. It's just, I can't imagine not doing it and I regret any of the times when I had an opportunity and I let it go by for whatever reason. Because as a gay person -- and this was big when I was in elected office -- you have to choose your battles because I was always the only one. If there's two queers, well, then they can take turns and then other people start to do it. When you're the only one, I would talk to everybody. When I talked with people, "We're the only people. We have to decide every day whether or not to come out." And I mean that. Even when you're out, you have to decide to come out. If you say something at work, "I have a date tonight with," or, "I went to see my partner's family," or, "I went to see whatever play it was," and say something to indicate -- but you have to think about whether or not we should say -- and I hope that's not the way it is for younger people, that they don't have to think of it that way. But people in my generation, I think we do think about it. And I when I was younger, I was, absolutely, like, "Is this the moment that I choose?" And Lehigh, I sought them out, but I let some go by, too. I couldn't do it all the time. But I would have to be like, "Is this that important?" And I also would have to make the decision when I was -- and this is particularly true -- in the city council and in the Senate, when I was in the minority for most of the time, the Democrats were in the minority. So, for instance, I represented the Trade Center at 9/11, and bills were getting passed for the spouses of people who were killed. And I voted for those bills but I went -- there was a particular Republican senator who, as much as I'm against the death penalty, it's as much as he's for, but he was a real gentleman. And these kinds of laws would go through his committee. And so, I went to him and I said, "Next year, could you add domestic partners to this list?" And he said, "Yes, but let's do it quietly." And I just wanted to get it done. I didn't have to make a big thing. I knew he was gettable. I don't mean that in a good way, that he would understand. Even if he'd never vote for gay marriage, but he thought that was fair. I knew he would think that was fair. So, there were times when I did things like that, just to get it done. But then, there were other times when I had to make a scene. And I'm an anger, not a fear. There was a time when there was this thing where people would choose the colors that they were, "I'm a fall," or "I'm a spring," "I'm a winter," there's certain colors of clothing that people would wear? We went through amazing times. Maybe that still happens. Anyway, some people are a fear, some people are -- I'm an anger. I'm not a fear. I'm an anger. I'm an anger and I'm a sad. Those are my two predominate -- behind my anger is a lot of sadness, I would have to say. I can't even get to fear because the other stuff is so big. So, I am pretty fearless. I just am. Oh my God, I'm about to say something good about myself, but I used it. I was able to, so I did. Not everybody was and I did even at Lehigh. And I tried to stop, sometimes. I'm never going to stop. I can't help myself. I think I ran for the student government at Lehigh, by the way. I lost, but I ran. And I lost. What was it called? Was it senate? Was it the Student Senate? Which was one of the demands when my brother, who was three years -- when everybody else was demonstrating against the Vietnam War they were demonstrating that freshmen didn't have to wear this little cap called dinks and they were demonstrating to be allowed to have a student government. That's what their thing was. So, yeah, I ran for the senate but I was overreaching. But I did lose the first time I ran for public office. So, maybe if I had run again, I would have won the second time around. But I was openly gay at the time that I ran. Anyway, I don't know. I must have run a very bad campaign. I do want to talk about all the rest but it's amazing to me that at Lehigh now, that there would be an affirmative effort to get queer people into fraternities and sororities, like unbelievable to me. Even when they started having the lounge for the LGBTQ community, I can't imagine the people were joining fraternities and sororities up until very recently, being open about who they were with their sexual orientation. I may be completely wrong about that, but I don't think so. People came out once they were there but I think even that would be hard to come out in some fraternities. Because there's a fear. And sororities, too, there's, "Oh my God, we let a queer person in. Now everyone's going to think all of us are." I'm sure that goes on to this day. I live in New York City and there is discrimination and there is stigma attached to being queer here, and certainly HIV, which is a whole other thing. So, it happens here. And Lehigh is a little behind New York City, I think, politically, in many ways. So, people say that what I did was brave and how did I? But people that are doing what they're doing at Lehigh now that are going to join a fraternity or sorority being open about who they are, good for them. That's brave. And I think, New York, if I really was going to really continue to be active? I'm a left-wing, they barely let me stay in the Democratic party. I'm very, very, very progressive and I always got endorsed by the socialists, even though it's not as large as it is now, the group that AOC -- where am I going? So, I would go to Alabama or Mississippi where it's much harder to be gay, that's where you can get married and the next day get fired. I'm not even sure Pennsylvania has a Civil Rights bill. I don't know. So, people, they take risks. Sometimes before I go to bed, I might watch this TV show called "House Hunters," and once in a while, they have a gay couple. But they're living in Texas. I think, "Oh, are they out to everybody in Texas?" You know what I mean? Maybe they work in places where it's no big deal, but still, it's braver to be gay in Texas -- I've been to Texas -- than it is to be in New York City. I love New York, what can I tell you? And I have an affordable apartment, so I don't think I'm going to go to Mississippi. But those are the brave people. And a young person who will still come out, it's a political act. It's a big deal. And yeah, I came out sexually, yes, but the bigger thing was to come out politically. MF: I just want to say, listening to you talk about it, you were compelled at Lehigh, to be an out student, it felt like a calling to you. And I just wrote a brief history of LGBTQIA-plus activism on campus and I went through the Brown and White and I went through the yearbooks. To my mind from what I've been able to find, Rick Balmer, James Hopkinson were involved with that early Le-Hi-Ho, but what I've been able to find, you were the first out person on campus that was advocating for a public group, not a support group, public group for gay students at that time, at Lehigh. And for me, you and others in your friend group, Rick Balmer, and Hopkinson before you, you laid the foundation for that inclusivity that comes into our present twenty-first century at Lehigh. We have the Pride Center, we have Spectrum. I see a direct line from what you did at Lehigh to what my life as an out professor has been like at Lehigh. And I'm so grateful to actually be sitting with you today, face-to-face, and hearing you talk about what it was like for you to be there. I just want to say thank you at the end of the interview, today. And I hope I get to do a second interview because I want to hear about politics in New York City. TD: Absolutely. You're welcome. And thank you for saying it. And one of the reasons it's so important, I knew when I left there wasn't going to be anything anymore. And I was sad about that. And that's why I went in the '80s to see that guy, and when he left, there was nothing. But I couldn't stay there forever. I couldn't stay in office ; you have to leave it to someone else. But you're saying that, I don't -- not that I let people down by leaving, because that's what you're supposed to do, but thank you for saying that. I didn't really ever think of it in those terms. MF: People remember you. In other oral histories, "Oh, have you talked to Tom Duane?" "There was a student that was trying to get this group going, you might know him. He was a New York City Senator." Your name keeps coming up, for Bob Wittman, for Frank Whelan, for Rick Balmer, certainly, they've mentioned you. And the students that came after that started the Human Diversity League, I think that was [Jonathan Glennon?], maybe Ethan Felson. TD: Yes, yes. MF: It was Ethan Felson? That group was around, then it got resurrected. And then, in the '90s, there was a Les-Bi-Gay group that was there in the '90s. TD: Vaguely remember that. MF: So, people kept trying. And they really were building, whether they knew your name in terms of your Lehigh history -- I'm sure everyone knew your name because you were a New York State Senator -- but whether they knew your history at Lehigh, they were building on that. You were pushing the administrators at that time to sanction a group, to support a group on campus, and that did eventually happen by the time it was the twenty-first century and other students came building on what you did to make a reality. And Lehigh is absolutely transformed and changed, today, because of your efforts and other students' efforts that came after. TD: I want to say thank you. Thank you. It was also -- I want to say it was my privilege. But I'm happy to hear that and it makes me happy that I did what I did. So, thank you for saying that. You're going to come up in therapy next week. [laughter] And it's so thrilling -- are you tenured? Oh my God, that's -- because women at CUNY -- that's a whole other story. I have to be observed because I'm not a tenured professor and the woman who was going to observe me, I was like, "I'm so thrilled, a tenured woman professor from the school," and she said, "I don't have tenure." And I said, "Oh." I hope she's on the tenured track. I'm not going to get to vote on it. But actually, when I disclosed my HIV status -- which we'll talk about -- it was one of the things that we tested about coming out was whether a professor should tell the head of the department they had HIV when they were being considered for tenure. That's for another day. MF: Oh, yes. I can't wait to hear more about it. TD: It's a big thing. When did people start telling the head of the department that they were queer? When did that start? MF: I put it right on my resume. TD: Good. MF: Like, "I did a lesbian organizing project, and here I am." TD: I'm sure you thought about it, because you were coming out, but you were going to do it no matter what, right? There was no stopping you. But it still was a decision that not everybody makes. MF: Yeah. TD: I think that's great. I'm thrilled. Really, the world is changing, and I tell students, "You've got to hang on to what it is and build on it because it could slip away. It could slip away and don't let that happen." What I say about Lehigh, even though it wasn't a real recognized group, "Never give up the franchise," but I did give up the franchise. But if I could have, I would have, even if there was one member, just to keep it alive. Maybe there's no need -- there is still an ACT UP, but there's a lot of organizations that I've been a part of, Queers for Economic Justice is one. They went out of business. I'm like, "No. Don't do that. Even if you're going bankrupt, just reorganize and don't give it up." It was something I started when I was in office, which if you read the history of it, my name is not mentioned because I'm an establishment -- am I bitter and angry about it? [laughs] There were three of us who did it, someone else in my office, and suddenly, he's the only one, the one who wasn't working for government -- the three of us created it and then we sent it on its way and it went, but if you read about its founding, we're not in there. That's why I have to write that... MF: You have to write that book. TD: I have to write that book. I have to write that book. MF: Well, I'm going to be in touch with Bruce, and maybe we can schedule a follow-up. I know you have a busy schedule, but I loved that. TD: And how is that possible? I'm the busiest, retired, unemployed mostly person that I know. I don't know how. I think I just can't help myself. I remember Gloria Steinem saying this one time, she was speaking at some event, I can't remember what it was, and her thank you for whatever award, and then she started giving us phone numbers to call about this and that, and then she said, "I just," and I thought, "I know exactly what that's like." [laughs] She couldn't help herself. Good for people like us. MF: Yes. We need people like you. TD: Like us. MF: Like us. Like us. I will be in touch and I just want to close the interview by saying, once again, thank you so much. TD: It's been a pleasure. It was great speaking with you. Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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01:52:56
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Thomas Duane, February 17, 2022 (Part 1)
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Thomas Duane recounts the early years of his life, his relationship with sexuality and time at Lehigh University, as well as his early interactions with activism and politics.
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LGBT-22
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2022-02-17
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video
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - )
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Mary Foltz
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Thomas Duane
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https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/ohms-viewer/render.php?cachefile=LGBT-37.xml
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5.4 April 1, 2022 Thomas Duane, April 1, 2022 (Part 2) LGBT-37 02:11:22 LVLGBT-2022 Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - ) Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository Support for the collection of this interview was provided by the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS). trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Thomas Duane Mary Foltz video/mp4 20220401_DuaneThomas_video_edited.mp4 1.0:|26(13)|49(11)|67(20)|79(4)|89(9)|100(14)|112(10)|123(13)|134(7)|146(6)|159(14)|172(15)|182(12)|194(6)|208(8)|220(15)|230(16)|241(4)|256(5)|269(7)|283(8)|296(3)|307(16)|320(11)|331(7)|342(13)|357(5)|368(5)|382(17)|392(14)|406(15)|417(16)|428(6)|438(14)|453(10)|467(8)|481(3)|491(10)|503(3)|515(5)|528(6)|541(12)|551(12)|562(9)|577(6)|589(4)|601(13)|613(8)|624(9)|638(13)|651(15)|664(19)|678(4)|694(15)|705(12)|719(7)|732(10)|743(6)|758(5)|773(4)|785(7)|800(17)|816(7)|828(15)|840(9)|850(11)|862(15)|876(12)|889(17)|899(16)|911(15)|928(7)|941(13)|958(4)|975(8)|988(15)|1001(13)|1017(7)|1028(2)|1040(7)|1053(22)|1065(5)|1079(3)|1088(12)|1101(5)|1110(16)|1122(7)|1136(11)|1147(8)|1160(15)|1175(3)|1188(8)|1201(13)|1216(4)|1229(9)|1238(18)|1250(9)|1267(11)|1281(7)|1292(4)|1305(18)|1318(8)|1329(9)|1341(19)|1355(6)|1368(8)|1383(15)|1398(13)|1412(8)|1425(3)|1437(12)|1450(3)|1460(17)|1471(3)|1482(8)|1495(10)|1509(9)|1525(14)|1536(17)|1551(11)|1562(17)|1578(10)|1590(9)|1603(12)|1618(8)|1632(10)|1649(15)|1662(13)|1677(12)|1694(18)|1718(11)|1724(15) 0 https://youtu.be/hYIjUzZjMtA YouTube video English 0 Interview Introductions MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, and I'm here with Senator Thomas Duane to talk about his life and experiences as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This year, our project has funding from ACLS, and we are meeting at the offices of Senator Duane in New York City in Manhattan, and it is April 1st, 2022. Thank you so much for your willingness to speak with me today. 
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 ; THOMAS DUANE: I'm happy to. I mean, I like that Lehigh likes me now. You know what I mean. Because they didn’t like me so much before. So now it’s like, they like me, they really like me. 0 141 Life after Lehigh University MF: Oh, me too. So last time we talked, we really spent a lot of time talking about your youth and then your college career at Lehigh, so I thought we could start today. Maybe you just tell me a little bit about post-graduation. What was your life like once you graduated from Lehigh University? Tell me about that time period in your life. 0 452 Joining the Chelsea Gay Association And I continued to work at that ad agency. But in 1977, so I had lived there for maybe a year or so. And I saw fliers go up on telephone poles, not trees. I knew not to do that. But you know, any place where you could tape a flier and it said lesbians and gay men and meet your neighbors, and it was this small group of people who were starting something called the Chelsea Gay Association, which is the first neighborhood based lesbian and gay organization in the city, in the world. 0 795 Community Organizing in the Chelsea Gay Association So, anyway, you know, our existence was, I think, important. And one of the things that had gone on was there were gay bars along the waterfront on the west side in Chelsea. So in the high teens and the low twenties, and gay men would walk through Chelsea and also up through the Village and then west to these bars. And there was a New York City public housing project, Fulton Houses and the people who live there, many of them had originally lived in Chelsea and through urban renewal, they ended up living there. 0 1004 Serving on the Local Community Board/Importance of LGBTQ+ Representation in Community Organizing So that was pretty, you know, amazing. And I just love that story because she was also a member of the local community board, which was with like these planning boards. Then they were advisory and in the [inaudible] 50 in each of them. And so the one that covered Chelsea in Hell's Kitchen, Clinton was board for, and Helen Gilson was on that board and another woman whose husband was the president of the Longshore or had been president of the longshoremen workers, longshore workers. And she lived in a, you know, a low rise building on 10th Avenue in Chelsea. You can see the building she lived in. 0 1200 Working with the Chelsea Coalition on Housing/Jane Wood/Tenant's Rights And anyway, I also got active in other things in the neighborhood. There was a very powerful tenants rights group called the Chelsea Coalition on Housing and, different than Michael McKee's group, and they didn't always get along that great. But Chelsea Coalition on Housing was associated with the Metropolitan Council on Housing, which still exists. 0 1425 Bella Abzug/Organizing with the Local Democratic Club And in 1982 my Democratic club would have been a very strong Bella Abzug supporter, was a very strong Abzug supporter. And for instance, I didn't work on her ‘76 campaign for the Senate. I'm sure I voted for her, but I knew people – I actually knew one of the people who ran her campaign, an openly gay man who became a journalist Doug Ireland. 0 1690 Running for District Leader So anyway, so the West Side is reform. And I worked on Bella’s campaign and then she lost, and the club went for Cuomo, but Koch won that race. And then in 1982 there was a gubernatorial race. I may be getting my years a little confused. Maybe, I'm not sure anyway. Because I feel like Ed Koch was in office for maybe two terms already. 0 1906 Struggles with Addiction [...] The only thing that was going on that really nobody or very few people knew about was that I drank every night and I smoked a lot of pot also. And I had used a lot of drugs and I had – I drank a lot in college and I continued to do that ‘till 1983 ; I got sober. So, because I just couldn't do it. I couldn't hold down a job, be the, you know, district leader and do community activism, you know, gay and not gay, and then go out at night and, you know, drink and smoke pot or whatever. Something had to go. 0 2191 Forming the Gay Democratic District Leaders/Importance of Terms as District Leader It was actually pretty convenient to be working for my father and to be a Democratic district leader. And I think there were three other openly gay district leaders in Manhattan and all guys because it's a male and a female. So. Well, there were women who were lesbians. They were now. 
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 ; But anyway, the four of us put a group together called the Gay Democratic District Leaders. 0 2773 Selling Ads for Gay Publications And there was another line of story that I was going to tell you, but I'll tell you about [Brashear?] and maybe the other one will come back to me. Well, when the AIDS crisis began — actually, when it first began, I was working for a gay publication, two publications actually, the New York Native, which was a fledgling gay newspaper, and Christopher Street, which was kind of a premium, was a literary magazine. It was great. It was one of those publications like Gay Community News out of Boston that I just loved and I couldn't wait for it to arrive in my mailbox. I read every word. 0 2993 Assisting with Stage Productions So I learned a lot about print production and then I worked for a TV production company. I had a lot of jobs, a lot of jobs. I had a lot of jobs, and that's nothing to be ashamed of. I was going to say that and there was nothing to be ashamed of, but I paused for a second. And it was because one of the jobs I had, which actually was really a great experience and this was through, his name is [Lyle Salgas], and he was the person that I was with. 0 3218 Proudest Moments/AIDS Crisis//Chelsea AIDS Committee MF: Well, you were going to talk about one of your most proudest moments. 
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 ; TD: Oh, yes, am I leading up to the Braschi decision? 
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 ; MF: You are.
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 ; TD: So anyway, [inaudible] suggested I go work for my father, which I did. 0 3555 Braschi v. Stahl Associates Co. I have a [inaudible] story to tell. It's also kind of – I'll tell you the story. So I was very good at – No, I was very good at helping judges get elected. And once they got onto the civil court, to then get elected to the Supreme Court. So every once in a while I would go to court to sit next to my friend Jim West when one of his clients was at risk of losing their apartment. 0 4179 Marriage Equality/Life After Office And so. One of the judges, actually, his son is an openly gay assembly member, from Staten Island, and now I believe he's a surrogate court judge out of Staten Island, Matthew Titone is his name. And his father, was on a court of appeals. So it was amazing that we won that case, you know, But we did. And it's been very useful. And I don't want it to go away because of marriage, because I think we should be able to, queer or non queer it doesn’t matter, say, choose our own families. And, you know, put it together, you know, build it however you want to, using whatever institutions there are or not, you know. And I don't want that to go away. 0 4425 LGBTQ+ Openness in Media/Scouting Potential Donors & ; Campaigning Anyway, although I just have to say, I was recently looking at The Times, Sunday, and like there was gay stuff all over, of course, there was the Academy Awards and it was gay gay gay. You know, I don’t know whether it was the gayest. Certainly wasn’t the least gay there if there was. But and like many stories of, you know, the the real estate section, they always had a gay couple fixing up the country house or, you know, or a designer who acknowledges that they're gay. 0 4744 City Council Run So I'm a community activist and Braschi, that case – we won that case when I was running for the city council the first time. The race that…this is a race that my friend David Rothenberg had run against an incumbent council member – four years… in 1985, and at the time there were 35 councilmembers in New York City, and the council districts were like huge. They were like between the size of, say, a state Senate district or a congressional district, they were like big. 0 4956 Discovering HIV Status But I found out my HIV status. Which didn't surprise me at all, but it was not something I, you know, I didn't tell people, Oh, I'm sure I have HIV or anything, but I was sure I did. And then when I actually got confirmation that I did have it, I really only told a couple of very close friends. 0 5881 Disclosing HIV Status So in '91, anyway, I decided that I was going to disclose my HIV status when I ran in 1991, and I started to put things in motion. It was sort of like, you know, a snowball effect. I told more people, I like joined the HIV positive caucus of Act Up. I know it's anonymous, but I went to HIV recovery meetings, you know, people of substance abuse and that but specifically for people living with HIV. 0 6857 Effect of & ; Reactions from Disclosing HIV Status And there was a tremendous media… it got a lot of press, you know, nationally even. So, you know, I got from like this little, you know, neighborhood kind of, you know, city council race to like, all right, now you have to learn to talk to the national media, you know what I mean? So it was – so I'm not – I became very unafraid to talk to the press after this, you know, because nothing could have beaten this. So – well marriage maybe, not beat it, but equal it. 0 7684 Closing Remarks MF: Well, I felt like this was a good place to end. We sort of have talked about your movement post-graduation, work in tenant associations, advertising and magazines a little bit, and then really your political career through a city council run and loss to a city council win. Tomorrow could we start with what happens with the win? What are you doing on city council? Would that be a good place to start? f 0 MovingImage Thomas Duane talks about his life after Lehigh University organizing in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, time in office as a district leader and city councilmember, and his experiences as the first and only openly gay, HIV-positive member of the New York State legislature. INTERVIEW WITH THOMAS DUANE APRIL 1, 2022 MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, and I'm here with Senator Thomas Duane to talk about his life and experiences as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This year, our project has funding from ACLS, and we are meeting at the offices of Senator Duane in New York City in Manhattan, and it is April 1st, 2022. Thank you so much for your willingness to speak with me today. THOMAS DUANE: I'm happy to. I mean, I like that Lehigh likes me now. You know what I mean. Because they didn’t like me so much before. So now it’s like, they like me, they really like me. MF: It's true. We do really like you. And really we're very grateful to speak with you. And I want to just start today by -- you signed a consent form before we're starting the interview, and I just want to ask a few questions verbally about consent. Do you consent to this interview today? TD: I do. MF: Do you consent to having this interview transcribed, digitized and made publicly available online? TD: Yes. MF: Do you consent to the LGBT Archive using your interview for educational purposes and other formats that might be articles, websites, presentations? TD: My reality show? MF: If you make one. TD: Yes, I consent to all of it. MF: And then I just want to remind you that you'll have 30 days after I send you -- I'll send it electronically, the transcript of this interview for you to review, and you can decide then, Oh, Mary, I don't want this in the collection and we'll just delete it. You could say I want most of it. Just delete this part and then we'll do that. Or you can contribute the whole interview. TD: Thank you. I can’t think who I'm angry with right now, you know, because I might say something that I would want to take out later on, but no one's coming to mind right now. But you never know. You know, it's like pushing the send button when you're angry, you know, with an email without showing it to someone first, you know. MF: So you have time. You'll have time to review the whole thing. TD: And I'll try not to be catty, you know, grudgey -- MF: Well, you’ll have time to review it TD: -- because I'm Irish, so that's a thing. MF: Oh, me too. So last time we talked, we really spent a lot of time talking about your youth and then your college career at Lehigh, so I thought we could start today. Maybe you just tell me a little bit about post-graduation. What was your life like once you graduated from Lehigh University? Tell me about that time period in your life. TD: Well, the truth is I left Lehigh in 1975, so I'm class of 1976, but I didn't get my degree until of 1977 because I left in ‘75 and I had two more courses to do. And it just it took me a little while to get those done. But, I consider myself class of ‘76 and there's a big reunion this year. And my oldest brother -- also went Lehigh -- is, when I was a freshman, he was a senior, but he's going to be there because they're doing a whole bunch of classes, I guess because of COVID. So he told me that ‘75,’76 and ‘77 will be there. So I'll see maybe some of the freshmen that I was a Gryphon too. I'll see some of the people I was in class with, you know, the graduates of ‘75. And then I'll see so many 1976 people, possibly. It would be my first Lehigh reunion. Yes, it would be. See how far we've both come me and Lehigh. So what happened? You know, I wanted to leave Lehigh. You know, I like a good fight. So in retrospect, you know, I may have been, oh, woe is me. You know, they treat us poorly, or whatever. But, you know, that's not how I am. So I don't believe that's actually what it is. I think what it is is I want it to go to work. And I wanted to live in Manhattan and I wanted to be gay. Really, you know, like big gay, like a lot of gay and… I’m just I'm headstrong that way. And, you know, in my early life I have a brother between my oldest that went to Lehigh and then I have a brother who's sort of my Irish twin who's a year and a half older than I am. And I probably was continuing this thing of wanting to not fall too far behind his progress in life. And I did have a younger brother who passed away, which I'll talk about at some point, because that was part of my later life anyway. I think I just wanted to work and I went home that summer and I got a job at an ad agency and for $175 a week -- no excuse me, $135 a week. That matters just because of something else that happened. And I save money because I really just wanted to get out of my house. So first I shared an apartment with someone that had gone to Colgate with my older brother John. And it was like a six story walkup, but it was like seven flights up. I don't know how they worked that out. The building is still there, actually, it’s on East 49th Street. And I paid $100 a month for that. And it was, you know, the sink was the shower, it was one of those old buildings. But it was fine. It's great. I wasn't great. But I mean, I was like 20, I guess. And then I saved up some more money and I got an apartment in Chelsea. And the reason I took this apartment in Chelsea, because I looked in the East Village and I looked in the West Village and I looked in Chelsea. And in the East Village, the only apartments I saw either had the bathroom in the hallway. I guess I was just a little too suburban, you know, to do that. So. And then there's another one was just when I saw that you couldn't pick up your mail and mailboxes would get stolen, I thought, I think maybe, you know, in retrospect, they probably might have done it. But, you know, things work out the way they’re supposed to, and I couldn't really afford anything decent in the West Village. And then I found this studio apartment in Chelsea for $175 a month and, I was home. And I continued to work at that ad agency. But in 1977, so I had lived there for maybe a year or so. And I saw fliers go up on telephone poles, not trees. I knew not to do that. But you know, any place where you could tape a flier and it said lesbians and gay men and meet your neighbors ; and it was this small group of people who were starting something called the Chelsea Gay Association, which is the first neighborhood based lesbian and gay organization in the city, in the world. I don't know whether in the world, but there's nothing else like it. And I was not a founding member, but I was a founder because the fliers were actually for the first meeting. And I went to it and I immediately became active in it. And we were not political, not political, but of course our existence was political. It's just that we existed, but we did a lot of amazing work. And just to please my friend Lillian, actually, who I convinced to move to Chelsea, my friend Phil, who I went to Lehigh with, he was one of the students who'd been thrown out of Theta Chi and. [Bert Lazar?] and Arthur Goodman and Michael McKee. And they were all organizers in various ways, but Michael McKee was a tenant organizer. So I learned a tremendous amount from them on how to organize just by organizing with them. And the truth is, we would have our steering committee meeting because we were nonhierarchical and we would do everything by consensus. And then we would smoke pot and we would go around and put out fliers for the next meeting. And we did some incredible things. We had raps at the police station so people would go every Saturday morning. I know Saturday morning, early and there'd be maybe four of us and four or five of them or three. Anyway, and we would just talk. It was the 10th Precinct, which was the Chelsea precinct, which was almost lost at the time. We fought to keep this police precinct is very, you know, as Chelsea's own police precinct. But when I think about that, you know, years later, when my friend Christine Quinn was the executive director of the New York City Gay and Lesbian Violence Project, now the Anti-Violence Project. They had had a good relationship with the police and actually that the Anti-Violence Project was an outgrowth of something that happened with the Chelsea Gay Association, which I'll tell you about. But anyway, there had already been a little bit of a relationship being built between the police -- the New York Police Department and the gay community. I will probably would use whatever the words that we were using at the time. Although, you know CGA just sounded better. That's why we kept it as the Chelsea Gay Association. We really didn't want, you know. Anyway, they started to have a pretty, you know, an okay relationship with the Bias Crimes Unit and with the Sex Crimes Unit. And then when Christine Quinn came in, they had a really good relationship with the NYPD. But when I think about it, we were already developing like this little relationship with them way back then. And we did something like game night where we would play board games just kind of just to bring people together. And we all marched on Washington. There was, you know, I should remember this. It was either for the ERA or was pro-choice Washington march. I believe it was the ERA, actually. Anyway, but we marched as a group. So even if this nonpolitical group would march with our banner. And we had a street fair every year and we put out a newsletter and I may think of other things that we did. And then there were a couple of -- an Upper West Side Group was formed and then an East Village group was formed. It was really just -- this is in the 1977-’70. They weren't that many LGBTQIA organizations at all. You know, there'd been a lot of splits… the GAA and, you know, LFL. I should say, the Gay Activists Alliance, Lesbian Feminist Liberation was an outgrowth of that in New York City. But they were not really functioning the same way anymore, for whatever reason. You know, the activism seems to go on its own cycle. So, anyway, you know, our existence was, I think, important. And one of the things that had gone on was there were gay bars along the waterfront on the west side in Chelsea. So in the high teens and the low twenties, and gay men would walk through Chelsea and also up through the Village and then west to these bars. And there was a New York City public housing project, Fulton Houses and the people who live there, many of them had originally lived in Chelsea and through urban renewal, they ended up living there. There's also a big Latinx population in Chelsea, Latinx people. Which people don't think of [inaudible] development as having white people, but they actually they did. In Brooklyn there are a lot of Italian people that, you know. Well, they were very -- they weren't as segregated as they seem to be now. Anyway, the head of the Tenant’s Association was a woman named Helen Gilson, whose husband was a longshoreman, or what I would say these days, a longshore worker. But she was the president of Tenant’s Association and she was, you know, a big, you know, tough woman who, like many other Irish people, vacation in the Rockaways in the summer in those -- in these shacks, which there aren’t that many left. But anyway, I just remember that I read the Irish teenagers and I mean, I don't know up until what age they were, but they were beating up the gay men who were walking to the bars and, you know, pretty seriously. So under the auspices of the Chelsea Gay Association, I organized, and everybody helped, a forum on like crime in Chelsea. And we invited Helen Gilson to come to this event, this forum. And people talked about how, you know, the police, of course, we talk about how, you know, this history of gay people being beaten up who were, you know, walking at night, late at night to these bars. And I guess and what probably coming out of the bars to or walking in the other direction. And Helen Gilson, who we invited, was there. And I cannot say that she was like a big gay liberation situation at all, you know, And towards the end of the forum, when after she heard all these stories, she stood up and she said…something. She said, Well, you're not my cup of tea, but I don't think you should be beaten up either. And that was huge, huge. And I love that because it's an old fashioned you know, my grandparents used to say not my cup of tea. But when she said that it was a very powerful moment and she was the head of the Tenant’s Association. So she put the word out, no more beating these guys up, and it stopped. So that was pretty, you know, amazing. And I just love that story because she was also a member of the local community board, which was with like these planning boards. Then they were advisory and in the [inaudible] 50 in each of them. And so the one that covered Chelsea in Hell's Kitchen, Clinton was board for, and Helen Gilson was on that board and another woman whose husband was the president of the Longshore or had been president of the longshoremen workers, longshore workers. And she lived in a, you know, a low rise building on 10th Avenue in Chelsea. You can see the building she lived in. And the first openly gay person actually served on that board, Jean O'Leary was her name, who was of kind of legendary in the New York lesbian and gay history. She was a first in a lot of ways and a complicated person as well. But when she stood up at the community board and said, I'm, you know, a lesbian, right. Yeah. Rosemary and Helen, really, you know, but it was huge progress that she was on that board. And then, you know, other – I eventually started serving on that board in 1982, I think. And you know, it made a difference that there was a gay person even on this neighborhood sort of advisory thing on land use and zoning and who should get permits for like liquor licenses or outdoor cafes or just a whole host of different things, they make advisory opinions on. Elected officials listen to them. You know, they don’t always do what they say, but they listen to them. And other gay people were on it, this time with it. There are also some closeted gay people on it, and I may have bragged about my lesbidar and my gaydar in an earlier interview, but it's pretty good. So I was – I think I would say 100% accurate. As time went on, people did come out, some of them took a very long time. And you know, similar to what happened at Lehigh. I think maybe there are also, in retrospect, maybe some of them or a couple of them didn't want to get that close to me. I think they were friendly like any board member would be, but they weren't. They didn't want to seem to be too much of my friend, or something, I guess you could say. And I’m trying to remember when someone else gay joined. I can't remember right now. And I may have mentioned it, I [inaudible] around. And I think I'm still having that – I know I'm still having a memory thing. And I'm sure that I saved papers and, probably, I don't know how much of it was saved. But the minutes of every board meeting and the attendance and, you know, all those things. And anyway, I also got active in other things in the neighborhood. There was a very powerful tenants rights group called the Chelsea Coalition on Housing and, different than Michael McKee's group, and they didn't always get along that great. But Chelsea Coalition on Housing was associated with the Metropolitan Council on Housing, which still exists. It's called Met Council and it's a tenants rights organization, and it was led by a woman named Jane Benedict. So the Coalition on Housing was led by a woman named Jane Wood, though they would both say we do not lead this group. You know, there's a big membership here, and yes, you know, you maybe you know our names, but that we have no leaders. And that is true except for they had a wonderful way of organizing. When I ran for office, they both supported me. The groups couldn't make it, you know, a political endorsement. But personally they did. And other people from that council and also the Chelsea Coalition on Housing. And they're gone now. And the friends that I know who were giving that I knew from then who were active in the tenants rights community, you're talking about how when the Janes were gone, like they were the greats. And actually on 19th Street, there's a street renamed Jane Woods Way. And I can’t remember whether I did it, or whether Christine Quinn did it when she was in office. It was probably Christine Quinn, I think Jane was alive for a lot of the time that I was in the city council. But anyway, she's memorialized there. And I still walk – If I’m with someone that maybe I haven't walked by or anything before. I always point it out. And when I was in office, when I would – I would often think, like, ‘What would Jane do, you know?’ And I was also a very good friend of a woman named Susan Cohen, who is active and who eventually went to law school and then worked for a judge who was, of course, fair, but if you were a tenant, you wouldn’t want to appear before him. And she went on to become a legal services attorney helping poor people with their housing. And she also was a tremendous influence on me. And, you know, Michael McKean, we didn't really get along with Met Counsel. His group was. Neighbors and Friends, I have to check the name of it. But later on they joined together and it was their Tenant Unit Coalition. And at the same time, Mario Cuomo, the governor at that time, put together a group called the Tenant Advisory Council. So TUC stayed together in order to get people out TAC. And we used to laugh about that. But actually I got appointed to that to the governor's – then Governor Cuomo's Tenant Advisory Committee. And that is important for, something I’ll talk about in a little while called the Braschi decision, which is actually the thing that I worked on that I'm most proud of. And it was before I was even elected to public office, I was in a party office at that time, and then I got active in my local Democratic club. And in 1982 my Democratic club would have been a very strong Bella Abzug supporter, was a very strong Abzug supporter. And for instance, I didn't work on her ‘76 campaign for the Senate. I'm sure I voted for her, but I knew people – I actually knew one of the people who ran her campaign, an openly gay man who became a journalist Doug Ireland. Previous to this, she had been elected to Congress. And there's an old story about Bella and through redistricting, she was thrown into a district with another progressive Democrat. She'd beaten a sort of hacky kind of conservative Democrat, Farbstein was his name, and she beat him. And then. Ryan was the name of the progressive one who was the Congressmember for most of the West Side. And in the redistricting, I guess it must've been in 1972 to probably take effect in ‘74 or something like that. They were thrown into the same district and she had to run against Ryan and she lost. And it turned out that Congressmember Ryan was dying of throat cancer. So when he passed away, then there was a race between his wife, Priscilla Ryan, and Bella Abzug, and Bella won that race. So then she had a congressional seat, although it divided people on the West Side. It divided the progressives and the reformed clubs, Democratic clubs, which were very important in those days on the West Side. For years to come, people wouldn’t know what side each club was on and in some cases clubs, you know, broke into two were called reform clubs, which. [Inaudible]. Reform clubs – we believe that, reformers, that people shouldn't wear two hats. So if you are a council member, you should not also be a Democratic district leader, Democratic state Committee member. And the same holds true for the Assembly and for Congress. And so to be endorsed by the reformers, you were not allowed to wear two hats. Regular clubs, someone could have brought in as many hats as they wanted, and they would pitch battles between the regular and the reform clubs on the West Side. Most of the West Side, with the exception of Hell's Kitchen, Clinton, was reform – became reform. The reforms being the regular Democratic clubs, and Hell's Kitchen being the only one that wasn't. And that was the advice of Jimmy McManus, whose family beat Tammany Hall and that's a real big... I worked on Bella's ‘77 campaign for mayor and the runoff in that mayoral contest because Bella ran and Herman Badillo and – there was actually – it was a very multicultural race in many ways. But the two winners were Mario Cuomo and Ed Koch. So, you know, until very recently that there would be a runoff and so was Cuomo against Koch in the runoff. And Bella and her supporters were with Mario Cuomo because Bella didn't like Ed Koch very much, even though was from the Village, and from a reform club that had beaten a regular club down there, in fact it had beaten like one of the most famous regulars of all time, Carmine DeSapio was his name, and Ed Koch, and it could have been the woman that I had been running against for the city council the first time Carol Greitzer, would be defeated the regular. So anyway, so the West Side is reform. And I worked on Bella’s campaign and then she lost, and the club went for Cuomo, but Koch won that race. And then in 1982 there was a gubernatorial race. I may be getting my years a little confused. Maybe, I'm not sure anyway. Because I feel like Ed Koch was in office for maybe two terms already. Anyway, he announced he was running for governor and Mario Cuomo, who had been lieutenant governor to Governor Hugh Carey at the time, who wasn't running for reelection, also was running. They ran against each other in the Democratic primary. And my club had elected and gotten elected because the former leader of the club ran for a civil court judgeship in one. So they elected someone in the club who is gay but not really out. He was gay, but not really out. And he became a Koch supporter and tried to pack the club for Koch supporters. So the leadership of the club were desperately looking for someone to run, and they asked me to run. But it's interesting. I'm not going to say that the membership of my club were – let's say it was made up of people who would have been members of the American Labor Party and people who were reformers. And they made up the membership of this club, which had defeated a regular club years before, and they lived in a three way race one time with the regular club, which was run by Social Democrats. And for anyone who is a student of this kind of history, the Social Democrats are not Democratic socialists. The Social Democrats were in favor of the United States being in the Vietnam War. They are, still are virulently anti-communist. And they ran this other club, Chelsea [inaudible] Democrats. And there was even a third group that was the old regulars, and they were supported by, of all people Roy Cohn. And so there's a three way race, but our district leaders won. One of whom is the person who went on to become the judge. And anyway, they were just looking for someone to run for district leader. And the other person's name was, [Ardale Brown?]. And he ran, and I ran, and I beat him. So then I became district leader in 1982 and I served as a Democratic district leader until 1988, I guess, or ‘89 when I ran for the city council the first time. And I have to say I turned it into something like I would go to a meeting and I'd say, I'm the Democratic district leader, and nobody really knew what that was, but it was something. And, you know, use what you got. That's my – that's the philosophy I live with. And I advise other people if they ask me if I used to do the same thing, if you got it, use it. I was just, you know, I had a day job. The only thing that was going on that really nobody or very few people knew about. Was that I drank every night and I smoked a lot of pot also. And I had used a lot of drugs and I had – I drank a lot in college and I continued to do that ‘till 1983 ; I got sober. So, because I just couldn't do it. I couldn't hold down a job, be the, you know, district leader and do community activism, you know, gay and not gay, and then go out at night and, you know, drink and smoke pot or whatever. Something had to go. So, I actually was just telling someone about this who thought she might have an issue with drinking this thing that she said, you know, If I have one, I can't stop. And I very much know about that. When I first started working, if I had a drink at lunch, which sometimes people did even, you know, what I was at that time, which is called a group assistant, was like an administrative assistant. Like if I had a drink, like I could focus on nothing. But when was I going to have another drink after that? So I knew not to start drinking ‘till I finished all of my chores and tasks for the day. So that's when my drinking would start later on. And I drank maybe slightly earlier before I was the more active I became, the later my drinking would start, anyway. And I was in a relationship with someone. And I -- Who, to this day I love and you know, I think many politicians, many people, but I think many politicians have some intimacy issues. You know, I’ve had some rough things happen in my childhood, and so in a way, I don't think I was able to fully commit to him in the way that I wish that I, I just wasn't able to. And we're friends to this day, but he left right around the time, about a year into my sobriety. And it's funny because I go to a support group about it, and remember hearing this Irish guy from New Jersey speaking of a time and he's like, and I was a year sober and I thought, I had nothing in common with this guy, you know. He lived in New Jersey, he was, you know, was working on Wall Street. But I haven't worked on Wall Street but he was married and had kids and he said, yes, I you know, I feel great. You know, it's been a year. I haven’t been drinking and I feel great. And she said, yeah, that’s because you're the same goddamn son of a bitch now than you were when you were drinking. And I thought to myself, Oh my God, I am the same the same goddamn son of a bitch that I was when I was drinking. And so he – eventually he left, which was the smartest thing he ever did. And he also told me that I should go work on Wall Street because my father had a very small brokerage firm. It was like three people, four people, and I did. So I started to work in Wall Street for my father, which, you know how much I wanted to please my father. I went to Lehigh, I, you know, I went to work for him and I thought I was nothing like him, but I'm very much like him. But there was some stuff between this and childhood in which I have long ago forgiven him for. And I know he loves me. And sometimes I'm still very angry with him because he made it difficult for me to be really present and, you know, all-in on a relationship. And so, you know, I feel like for the most part, I probably hurt most of the people that I was in relationships with. And I wasn’t always such a great person when I was using and even after I stopped for a while because I actually picked up other addictions, which I may or may not talk about in this interview, but I probably will because I just can't help myself. It was actually pretty convenient to be working for my father and to be a Democratic district leader. And I think there were three other openly gay district leaders in Manhattan and all guys because it's a male and a female. So. Well, there were women who were lesbians. They were now. But anyway, the four of us put a group together called the Gay Democratic District Leaders. Like we created an organization which is really just a letterhead. And we had a meeting with the governor and we got him to appoint some people to positions in his administration. As I say, like, you know, I was very good at making something out of nothing. And I, like the others of us, are as well. Sadly, you know, two of them have passed away. One is still alive, he's a professor at Hunter, actually. So, I have to tell you why being on the governor’s task force is important. And I'll say now why the district leader thing was important. So the leader of the Democratic Party in Manhattan was an assembly member named Denny Farrell. Obviously not a reformer because you couldn't be a district leader or assembly member if you were a reformer. But he ran against Jimmy McManus, who I mentioned before, who is the regular from Hell's Kitchen. And this is right before I got elected in a very hotly contested race, Denny became the leader. He was an African-American man from I believe Inwood. But anyway, from the way Upper West District there. So but the deal he made with the reformers who supported him was that he was going to put together an independent judicial screening committee. And so this screening committee was made up of people from bar associations. Two thirds of them were from bar associations, and one third were from community organizations. But the way it worked was, say, if it was someone from the, you know, African-American – I’m sure it’s called the Black Bar Association, the whoever was president of that would appoint someone. So they sort of arm's length to try to take some of the politics out of it. Which later on it didn't matter, politics would creep in. That’s the women's bar, Italian bar, Irish bar, the every bar, you know, had members. But there was a fledgling lesbian and gay bar. So I fought to get them on. And then I also fought to get a gay community group on as well. And because I asked to serve on the Judiciary Committee of the New York County Democratic Committee. So I sat on this Judiciary Committee with other district leaders, and there was a woman from the Lower East Side, Ruth Bekritsky. I mean, I don't know whether I should…There’s actually a story that goes with that too. Anyway, she was a conservative Democrat, but still a conservative. And she said something about abomination when we were discussing the bar association. And I was like, well, that would mean I'm an abomination. But she didn't she didn't say No you’re not, you know, but she didn't say you are. She is – she became a little bit neutral at that point. Years later, her granddaughter worked for Andrew Cuomo when he was attorney general. And I did some forms with the attorney general at that time. And she was coming out of his office, and I told her the story about her grandmother. You know, My how things have changed because, you know, she's a young woman, not at all like that. But, hey, maybe I didn't change this woman's view, but maybe I gave her a little something to think about. And I worked with her. You know, I worked with her. I spent my whole life working with people that necessarily weren’t the most queer-friendly people in the world. And the club she came from was actually the club from which Shelly Silver, who was the speaker of the Assembly for many, many years until he was convicted in a corruption thing and went to jail, and he recently died. Anyway, he was actually a pretty liberal speaker of the Assembly, but that was his club and it was based down in Grant Street in Manhattan, where the apartments, the very same kind of apartments as the apartments I live in now. Anyway, it made a difference, and I helped manage the campaigns, especially with my friend Susan Cohen, of many kind of – I just can't have a political point of view. So instead of saying very, very liberal or very, very progressive, I would just say very, very, very fair. That was my code for... So we started to be able to elect some openly gay judges, which made a tremendous amount of difference and really a tremendous difference in Manhattan. And Manhattan was kind of led in that way. And also, we elected some very, very good judges, some smart, progressive judges, including this woman, Carmen Ciparick, who was until recently on the Court of Appeals and who was the first Puerto Rican American woman to serve on the Court of Appeals. And Governor Cuomo, former governor should have made her the chief judge, because the chief judge, you know, she retired ; she actually passed away. He should have put Carmen in that spot, but he didn't. He put a man in that spot and she was only – she was going to have to retire in probably less than a year. So why didn't he just let her have another.. you know. Will not even le – I don’t even want to say let her, let us have someone else, you know, to look up to. Anyway, interestingly, I had not worked on her civil court case, but the next civil court, I mean. The next level up is Supreme Court in New York State. Those sort of housing court and then there's civil court, Supreme court, which handles larger cases, Appellate division court of Appeals. And the court of appeals is the highest court. And then there's another track of criminal court judges and family court judges as well. And we have a hybrid system of elected and appointed judges as well. Anyway, when she ran to be Supreme Court judge, it's a complicated process, but the judicial delegates are elected in Democratic primaries and they all meet and they decide who to put on the Democratic line to run for Supreme Court in Manhattan ; basically combined with the Bronx, but there are too many people throwing chairs at each other, so they wised – they decided to break it into two different court districts. Anyway, whoever is on the Democratic line wins. But the attorney for the Democrats forgot to put these three people, their names on the Democratic line in time. So we really had to hustle. We got them elected on the Liberal Party line, which doesn't even exist anymore. So she was one of those judges. And interestingly, before that, when I had been called to jury duty, I served on a case where she was the judge and actually it was after that, because they ask, Do you know anyone here, the A.D.A. or the judge. I did. She said, Oh yes, I know – yes I know Mr. Duane. They ask if anyone was ever been a victim of a crime. And because I had been the victim and survivor of a violent anti-gay attack, so. But anyway, I stayed on that case. So I was active in politics getting Democratic judges elected. Good Democratic judges elected, I think. Or at least I was one of the people that worked to make that happen. And that was to become very important later on. And there was another line of story that I was going to tell you, but I'll tell you about Braschi and maybe the other one will come back to me. Well, when the AIDS crisis began — actually, when it first began, I was working for a gay publication, two publications actually, the New York Native, which was a fledgling gay newspaper, and Christopher Street, which was kind of a premium, was a literary magazine. It was great. It was one of those publications like Gay Community News out of Boston that I just loved and I couldn't wait for it to arrive in my mailbox. I read every word. Anyway, I was working there as I was selling advertisements and selling advertising sales. I had had – the first ad agency I worked for was a huge ad agency called [inaudible] International. And, you know, they had all these clients that, you know, were horrible, like the Army and Nestlé and De Beers Diamonds. And anyway, I worked for a group of six creative people, three copywriters and three art directors, and they were all women. And I was their administrative assistant and they loved it and I loved it. It was great. I mean, it's just the whole concept of it, I thought was just, you know, I just – I loved it. And eventually, you know, a couple people left and men came on, but that's how it was when I started. Now, I worked for another ad agency in print production, which is totally different then it is now. In those days, people put actual typed print down as the ad copy. There were no computer-generated suitable for publishing print. It was done by hand with X-Acto knives and had to fill in the page. And the photos because this place I worked, they had many different things, but including Eastman Kodak, although we had their fabric division. Smile, it's easier with Kodel. And at one point we showed the models and I had a one day modeling career, which I'll try to track it down and hold it up in front of the camera. I look pretty good too. I was in my early twenties, so yeah I was a model, and Cody Cosmetics. Anyway, you actually had to send plates, you know, to print off of, around the country to all the magazines. And you had to send these other things called proofs, which were the primary colors, but they would use those to match the color that – as it was supposed to appear on the air. And we had to, you know, figure out how to get it to everybody in time for their deadlines. Because the deadline for a magazine is not, you know, it's like six weeks before, you know. So anyway, I got a lot of experience doing that. It's nothing like that, of course, anymore. People won't even know what I'm talking about. But it was pretty challenging. So I learned a lot about print production and then I worked for a TV production company. I had a lot of jobs, a lot of jobs. I had a lot of jobs, and that's nothing to be ashamed of. I was going to say that and there was nothing to be ashamed of, but I paused for a second. And it was because one of the jobs I had, which actually was really a great experience and this was through, his name is [Lyle Salgas], and he was the person that I was with. We lived together for six years and I – He knows that I'm sorry that I wasn't present for him because he really did a lot to help me in my life in many ways. And he really loved me and I really did love him. I just couldn't, I just couldn't maintain it. Like I still loved him, but I guess with the intimacy I just couldn't maintain. Anyway, his best friend was a lyricist for Broadway shows, and at one point, whose name is Robert Lorick, who's passed away, sadly, Robert Lorick and a musical – a composer Henry Krieger, who wrote the music for Dreamgirls. But they were working on a show called Tap Dance Kid and, I worked for them as a, not as an assistant producer, though I did get a couple people to invest in the show, but is it really a production [inaudible] gopher? But I got to watch the whole process and one of the things I had to do is to help them find a space to practice in, and I found a studio on 48th Street called Act 48 and they had studio spaces, you know, at the piano so people could rehearse. But the other part of it was a dance school for tap, jazz, and ballet. And so Tap Dance Kid was rehearsing there and Dreamgirls was being created at the same time also. So, I got to know two of the women who were to go on to be in the Dreamgirls Broadway show because they helped with the demo and Tap Dance Kid. So this place I got the Act 48 Studios. At one point, they were looking for a night manager. So I signed up for that job. I loved that job, of course. And because I could still work on the show during the day and do this job at night, and I got free jazz and tap, and I would have gotten ballet lessons, but I did not take those. But I did take the jazz lessons for a while. I long ago hung up my shoes, given them away. No it was not the career for me, but it was fun, you know, and night manager and it was above a topless bar on 48th Street, which is so New York, you know. So I really had a lot of great experiences in New York. I think at that time I think I was actually still drinking, etc., during that time, but functioning. I was going to tell a story about – this alcoholism in my family, we’re Irish. Other groups, too, I’m just saying. As my friend Chris [inaudible]’s father used to say, You know, they're Irish, they drink, they're gay, they have HIV. He was funny, not – it's funny in the moment. It's funny, I promise. So, where was I going with that? I’m having an [omicron?] moment. MF: Well, you were going to talk about one of your most proudest moments. TD: Oh, yes, am I leading up to the Braschi decision? MF: You are. TD: So anyway, [inaudible] suggested I go work for my father, which I did. So, I was working the Native and Christopher Street, and that's when the news started to break about this cancer that gay men were getting and the papers started covering it. The Times didn't cover it until much later. It was history about that. The writer who wrote the first article was Lawrence Altman, the writer about it for the Native was Larry Mass ; he's a friend of mine. And whose partner Arnie Kantrowitz, I just found out passed away from COVID. So I need to send a note to say I really loved him and he was ahead of his time writing about AIDS. And you know, it was when they didn't know how it was transmitted and, you know, people with AIDS, they were - many of them would like die immediately and then maybe it would be a couple of days. But there were very few treatments for them, and it was a terrible time. And many hospitals didn't want people with AIDS. So emergency rooms would get backed up with gay men on, you know, gurneys and health care professionals wouldn't go into their rooms. And if they did, they like, wore hazmat suits. And anyway, I mean, things got marginally better over time when people found out how it was transmitted, and you couldn't get it casually. People still think you can get it that way but, medical professionals pretty much knew that's not how you get it. Although if you brought food to someone who was in the hospital because they had AIDS, like, you know, lots of times it’s like a big like fruit basket or something, and the patient obviously can't eat all of it. So, you know, they put out the nurse's station, but nobody would eat it, you know, if it had been in the room. Even later on, there's such fear around it. But many times in rent-protected apartments, rent-stabilized or rent-controlled apartments, if the person whose name is on the lease died, the surviving life partner was not entitled to stay in the apartment. So a couple of things would happen. The family of the deceased would come in and take everything because everything would belong to them. And the landlord would be nailing an eviction notice to the door. And, you know, it was terrible. And I remember a lot of families that they found out they're gay, he died of AIDS because they hated – they would think that this was the person who gave it to them. It's just terrible. And so there was an attorney at the local legal aid office, Russell Pearce, and he called me up one day and he said, I hear like you're a good person to go to organize stuff in Chelsea. And he said, we're going to mount legal challenges to this and try to protect the rights of surviving, who he then called life partners, to remain in their apartments when the person whose name on the lease dies. So, you know, I was all in and I created a very small group called the Chelsea AIDS Committee, and we put together a demonstration on this issue. There was someone in Chelsea who is being evicted from his tenement, his walk up. Michael Brown was his name. And one of our members Franklin, which he is no longer with us unfortunately, on sheets in big blood red letters, we put ‘Chelsea AIDS Committee’ on it and we organized and we got a lot of people and groups in the neighborhood to support it. And I went to the police station and Oh it's just a little neighborhood, you know, demonstration, but, you know, we're going to need a permit to use. He needed a permit for any amplified sound. But, you know, you just need an amplification permit just for the Saturday afternoon, whatever it was. Anyway, so we have this demonstration, we closed down the street. It was the front page of Newsday, which used to publish in New York City at the time, and it was in all the other papers. It was the lead story in all the local network news, you know, all the networks had local news stations. So at the time there wasn't cable or anything, so it was the lead story on all the news, it was huge. And that although Michael lost his – he lost his case, but there was another case. There are many cases and another there was an attorney who specialized in these cases ; his name was Jim West. And he would take on these cases even though a lot of the people were, you know, had too much money to be eligible for legal aid, but didn't have a lot of money. And he took on these cases and… I have a [inaudible] story to tell. It's also kind of – I'll tell you the story. So I was very good at – No, I was very good at helping judges get elected. And once they got onto the civil court, to then get elected to the Supreme Court. So every once in a while I would go to court to sit next to my friend Jim West when one of his clients was at risk of losing their apartment. And what happened actually, in one case, a woman who I had helped to elect to the civil court when this case – one of these cases went before, she recused herself. She said to me, you know me, my brother died of AIDS. But why should you recuse yourself for that? If later on there would be a lesbian – there was one lesbian judge in particular who recused herself because it was a gay case, which...what, so, you know, heterosexual white men should recuse themselves, I mean that's ridiculous. But anyway, but it was a you know, queer was still kind of marginal, maybe a little less so on the West Side of Manhattan, but still. And anyway. So all of a sudden judges start ruling on these cases because they were all getting – when there was a ruling, they would get appealed to the next level. So some of these judges just start making rulings on these cases, waiting for the case to go all the way to the top court. Which it did in 1989 in a case at Braschi versus Stahl Associates and the court, the state Court of Appeals ruled that nontraditional family members should be treated as family members and should be allowed to succeed to rent-regulated apartments. It only works because of, you know, New York’s… if you're like a landlord or a tenant attorney in New York City and you want to practice someplace else, you're useless because there's still a million rent regulated apartments, there are even more than in New York City. And it only worked for well, actually, it's worked in other ways since then, but it worked for rent-regulated apartments and what it said, because it wasn't just gay people. I mean, the AIDS crisis is what really brought it to a head. But there are many reasons why people may not get married. Two people living on disability may not want to commingle their finances because it might lessen their benefits or all kinds of reasons. You know, maybe that, you know, they're divorced. Who knows? But there's many different things sometimes I – the Golden Girls ; now I mean, I'm fine with polyamory, you know. But I think all of us – who could deny that they were family, not that that's what – but there were, you know, lots of kids. Two women who lived together, they weren't necessarily lesbians, but they just, you know, from college on, they lived in a two bedroom apartment and neither had, you know, moved away. And, you know, one had signed the lease over, at least, you know, 20 years ago, and if they should move or pass away, the other one now could succeed to the lease. And it really it said, if you say you’re family, you’re family, that's really how it worked. And there's some things that you can use to prove that you are family, like get magazine subscriptions together, the joint checking account, you have a pet together, the super know, your neighbors know. You know, you hold yourself out to be family. And so this is a whole laundry list of things that you could use in this including but not only I think. Sex, cannot ask about sex. That's the one thing that can’t come up in a landlord-tenant case that had to do with Braschi. But Miguel Braschi ended up succeeding to the rent-controlled apartment of his partner. And I never met him, but marriage passed. He sent me a congratulatory email. I don't know why I never met him. I actually kind of do know why I never met him ; maybe the same reason why I am always late for you, because it's hard for me to… I don't know. I guess maybe I both crave, like, someone thinking I'm a good person, but I also like, want to push it away? And even after years and years and years of therapy, when someone says something nice, you know, just say thank you and shut up. But I never met him ,and I actually was supposed to meet his sister and I ended up, you know, canceling. And I shouldn't really.. I don't know. You know, that's why I've been in therapy my whole life. Not even with the gay stuff, it's with this. All this other stuff that I have. But that case became the basis for the first case in New York State, where a surrogate judge ruled that the non-biological parent of a same sex couple could adopt the child. And Braschi was the part of the basis of her decision ; it was a surrogate court judge named Eve Preminger, who I supported just saying, in a Democratic primary. But it affected a lot of laws for nontraditional families going forward. And it's my proudest thing because everyone said, You have no chance. So this is what happened. At the time, the largest AIDS services organization was called the Gay Men's Health Crisis. And… I'm just thinking of something which I don't know whether I talked about here, but which I very much want to talk to you about. But if I haven’t, then I'll talk about that down the line having to do with – one of the founders of GMAC was Larry Kramer. So, there's a story that I want to tell, or it's more than a story. But anyway, AIDS helped a lot of people come out or helped force a lot of people to come out. And there were a lot of... maybe formerly closeted or in some cases still in a closet at their law firm, but who volunteered at GMHC with, you know, legal issues, because wills and…but one of the things, of course, for these landlord-tenant cases. And there's a thing that you can do in New York housing court where the landlord will give you… they’ll hand something called the stipulation to you. And I'll say something like, You can stay in your apartment for six months and we'll give you $10,000, and then you go, then you're out. Just sort of to end the case. And so there were these corporate attorneys that were representing tenants and landlords who knew nothing about that and who were allowing people to sign those. And anyway, you know, some of them called me over here, you know, don't sign anything, like do not sign a stipulation. Do not let the tenant sign the stipulation. The thing is, you know, the court is really smart, you know. Many of them, of course, went to great, you know, law schools and everything, but they knew nothing about landlord-tenant court or anything like that, that, you know, they were just like… What is you know? And I don’t wanna say [inaudible], like the fox things with the hens, you know, the landlord attorneys. Most, many landlords have an attorney full time in housing court. They, you know, the landlord has a lot of buildings and depending on what the landlord’s like. So they're like, you know, sharks. And they were just picking these, you know, lawyers off with their poor clients and getting thrown out of their apartments. Anyway, so but Braschi was going on and the largest legal, gay legal organization and probably still is the Lambda Legal Defense and Education. And the head of it then, who actually I became friends with, other people said, Don't fight this. Don't do this because it'll create bad law. You're never going to win. You're never going to win. And he’s like, But they're getting thrown out anyway. Like, what do we have to lose? It's already bad case law. You know what I mean? It's already stacked against us, so why not fight? But they were very afraid about it. And I understand, you know, there's strategies about many things, you know, you want to get the right case to be the one that goes up to, you know, for the highest – for the biggest decisions in New York State, the Court of Appeals and this the Supreme Court. And it can be distracting if other people bring cases that might, you know, jump ahead of yours. But anyway, Tom started, He said, don't do it. And other people said, You ever going to win. Anyway, I didn't listen. And in 1980, the state court of appeals ruled that nontraditional family members should be allowed to succeed to appointments. And much later on, it was really a beautiful thing because Tom said that I – you know, I was one of the many people who just, you know, revered – he was brilliant, brilliant. And he said to me, you know, I just want to make sure that I said you were right. And I could have been very wrong, but I was right. And so. One of the judges, actually, his son is an openly gay assembly member, from Staten Island, and now I believe he's a surrogate court judge out of Staten Island, Matthew Titone is his name. And his father, was on a court of appeals. So it was amazing that we won that case, you know, But we did. And it's been very useful. And I don't want it to go away because of marriage, because I think we should be able to, queer or non queer it doesn’t matter, say, choose our own families. And, you know, put it together, you know, build it however you want to, using whatever institutions there are or not, you know. And I don't want that to go away. I understand why marriages, you know, legally, makes things very easy in some ways. And I kind of feel now almost like, maybe everybody should be getting married because I'm very afraid the Supreme Court is going to – and I always tell people, you know, they can take it away. They can take it away. They can take it away. In New York State, after the marriage equality law passed, the political organization went out of business. And I’m like what? What? Like our job is not done. And the job wasn't done. I mean, I left. I didn't leave because of that. I did leave after marriage passed, but that wasn't why I left, but – which I want to say, which is very important for me to say. Of course, I'm proud of the work I did on marriage and it almost killed me. But of course I'm proud of that. But I'm proud of a lot of other things, as proud that, you know, people don't know about, which I probably won’t be able to help myself, but to talk about here. But that happened in 2011, and I didn't run for reelection in 2012, but not because, you know, [dusting hand motions] my work is done here. Like I had wanted to leave there – I was there 14 years. I never thought I was going to be there 14 years. Like everybody thought I was going to be there ten years. But I was there for 14 years, and it was just time to go for a whole host of reasons. For a whole host of reasons. Anyway. So, you know, the AIDS epidemic blessing and a curse. You know, a lot of people came out. It did exponentially move the, you know, the gay rights movement forward. But it also has, you know… in fact, you know what, because I'm teaching [inaudible], I get a free subscription to The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. So I used to get The New York Times delivered, even though when you get the actual paper, you also have access to the digital. But when I got the [inaudible] subscription – except on Sundays, I still get The Times – I missed turning the pages and there was a time when I stopped reading the obituaries because I had read them too early in age. And I never get up to the now because by the time I finish with Ukraine and COVID and well during the Trump years, whatever nightmare he did, but you know, really like, how is Biden doing? I have no time for it. I don't get beyond that because, you know, the bottom of every story says you should look in this story, you should look at this story. I missed going like this [page turning motion] with the newspaper. And I keep saying that I have to get my apartment in better shape, you know, and stop saying that and just get the goddamn newspaper Tom. And I get it on Sunday because there's certain sections in the Sunday paper that they don't keep online for long. But there's reasons why I keep some of them, which is a Tom Duane strategy and a secret, which I am not going to say here. But I may tell you offline, something that – there's a reason that I get it. That I continue to get it on Sunday. Anyway, although I just have to say, I was recently looking at The Times, Sunday, and like there was gay stuff all over, of course, there was the Academy Awards and it was gay gay gay. You know, I don’t know whether it was the gayest. Certainly wasn’t the least gay there if there was. But and like many stories of, you know, the real estate section, they always had a gay couple fixing up the country house or, you know, or a designer who acknowledges that they're gay. Or like in the sports section, you know, a woman who, like casually mentions, you know, her life, like it's nothing. Like it’s nothing. Of course I think it's like nothing now too. What?! It was – are you kidding? I’ve lived during the most amazing times. It was never nothing for a very long time. It was like a big deal. And you had to read between the lines. And honestly, when I first ran for office, like, that's how I found out. That's how I figured out who might be gettable as a donor. Was reading about them somewhere and being like, I think that person's gay. Like not because they said they were gay, but just because of – I don't know. Not just because they were like single or something like that ; you know, at a certain age a man or woman was single. But, you know, sometimes you just – anyway. Like you just figure it out. And of course, some of the lesbian and gay people and actually trans and bi people who contributed to my campaign, and they tell me other people that I should ask, you know. So I didn't there – wasn't much fundraising that kind of fund raising a community political fundraising at all. In New York, running a campaign is very expensive. So I think I raised a lot of money. And the guy who'd run before for me, David Rothenberg, who I will call back to, who founded the Fortune Society and ran for the city council, he raised money. But he actually had, I think, an easier time raising money cause he's kind of more – way more famous and he'd worked in the theater. And so anyway, but, you know, raising money was not something that the gay people did. You know, people started to give because of GMAC or because of other things. And that also made, you know – more people gave to Lambda. And then the ACLU started their – they used to have an AIDS project ; I don’t know if they still do but they have a, you know, the lesbian and gay wing of the ACLU. So people have started and we have national organizations that are national political organizations that people give money to. But it wasn't something that people did. It was a very… so, you know, an organization like GMAC that people started to give money to and. It was a relatively new thing in the 80s and... You know, when I ran in 1989, the city council and I lost. Your donors are listed at the Board of Elections, and now it's online. I think at the time you probably had to go to the board of elections in the – I think that's the only way you could find them. But you could look at people's donors list and steal them for your campaign so… or for other reasons. And after I lost the ‘89 campaign, think a few months later, my mother called me up and she begged me, begged me – just because all of her friends, because some of their friends, my parents friends gave in and they were getting like advertisements, you know, for hotter, you know, sexier sex with this condom or this lube or something. And my parents’ friends, my mother was like, We’ll fund the campaign but just stop them. But I had no control over it. You know, I actually – people you know, I would say steal my list, but it's public, so they didn't steal it. But they you know, they took my donors and they used them for their own purposes, for, you know. And, not, you know, maybe some of my parent’s friends, they’re having hotter healthier sex now. Anyway, of course there did come a time when I would always – I think it was – I'm sure I said it when I was – my father's life, but I would also say to my mother, Oh, every family's got one. They would mention some, you know, a friend of theirs for years that they knew, however ; my mother worked at American Airlines with them, and my father knew some of them. And I would say, Yeah, their daughter is a lesbian. Every family's got what I would you know, because every family practically does. There should be a support group for families that don't. Anyway. But, I mean, that's a – it could all be taken away, so maybe everybody should be getting married. I don't know. I don't know because I don't want that. We could go back. I mean, if abortion goes, like we're next on the list, you know? And having two sexual assaulters on the Supreme Court, anyway. So I'm a community activist and Braschi, that case – we won that case when I was running for the city council the first time. The race that…this is a race that my friend David Rothenberg had run against an incumbent council member – four years… in 1985, and at the time there were 35 councilmembers in New York City, and the council districts were like huge. They were like between the size of, say, a state Senate district or a congressional district, they were like big. And anyway, he ran, he did very well, maybe a 46% or something like that, 45, 46%. And he lost, but it was a great race. And I love David, but I did go to him, and I – He didn't like politics. A lot of people say they don't like politics, and sometimes people that don't like politics are the best of politics. I used to be like when I was a babe in the woods and I was just nice to everybody, like I did really well. But it is important sometimes to know the history. Like once you start learning about people, you know, sometimes it's important to know the history. So anyway, I went to him and I asked him if he was going to run and he said No, that he wasn't. I considered running for the actual the Senate seat I eventually ran for and won in 1988, but I decided not to. I wasn't really ready to. And the senator who had the seat was kind of wounded with a legal issue, which he was deemed innocent of. And I kind of didn't want to – just didn't feel right to run against him. And it did it to be the right decision. But they did put together a campaign in 1989 and ran for the city council and… It must be … – And I lost. But I did very well. I won a lot of areas, but I lost some areas also. It was a, you know, elections are a funny thing. I – and there's a joke, you know, you run against someone if it's raining, my supporters are staying home, if it's sunny theirs are all coming out to vote. But there had been something that happened in – there was race-based issues that occurred in New York City. And the mayoral race was between the two major candidates, who was running for reelection and David Dinkins, who actually eventually won the primary. But it was a much larger turnout than usual. And so I actually hadn't.. my mail plan would have been different because it was different and more people who came out to vote. And, you know, you never see what's coming. You know, the primaries in September and it was the summer is when, you know, things happened in the – maybe very late in the summer. So it's kind of too late to – everything's already in motion – anyway, lost. I did get interested in The New York Times, and I lost by the same amount that David did. I got like 45, 46 or something like that percent and did very well in some areas. I know I’ve jumped way ahead here, but I just found out at the end of 1988 and I will have to go back and talk about this. But I found out my HIV status. Which didn't surprise me at all, but it was not something I, you know, I didn't tell people, Oh, I'm sure I have HIV or anything, but I was sure I did. And then when I actually got confirmation that I did have it, I really only told a couple of very close friends. And so, I really wasn't ready to be public about it during that – I actually kind of put it out of my mind when I ran into, you know, just because, I think for me it was kind of a natural thing to do. I had to do that in order to focus on race. And I was to disclose it. And it is a very important story that I want to tell you about where they disclosed HIV status. But… I was going to jump back or something for a reason, but oh, how did I find out about my HIV status. In 1984 maybe… there was a study being conducted out of Columbia, the [Irving] Medical Center, regarding gay men and AIDS and depression. And so I had a bunch of friends who all volunteered to take part in this study. And we said, you know, we were all interviewed in depth by people. And then they did eventually, when they had a lot of the data, they – anyone who was part of it was invited, you know, to go to a presentation about it. And then we were invited to another one because they probably – I think they kept in touch with us and kept asking us questions. And it was around 1985, they said, we would like to take – if people who are willing to take an HIV test and give, you know, blood for a test, you know, you don't have to, but this could be a part of our study and we know we're not going to get as many people for this. But we still… it's very worthwhile for us. And I of course… there's never, you know, a test, case, a trial that I don’t signed up for. So of course, I signed up for it. And it was in 19’, probably 1988 when it was when people were starting to live a little bit longer. I'm not sure exactly the year that AZT came out. I'd have to check that. But there was some treatments that people could have for, you know, the pneumonia and for the Kaposi sarcoma and all of the things that… I forget what it’s called but it causes blindness. Anyway, there were things that could be done to treat those things, to treat the symptoms anyway, so people would live longer and. And in 1988, the word was that, Well, okay, get your results now. Because before that they said, Don’t bother because there's nothing that can be done about it anyway you know till you have something so you know, don't. But then there were… so I went and I got my test results and the woman that I… who told me, who was, you know, also the counselor. You know, kind of trying to… you know, How do you feel? You know, to try to [inaudible]. But I... I just so I knew, you know. So I said, no, I… you know, I know my history. I am not surprised. And I was already… I was a member of ACT UP, I wasn't a leader of ACT UP, but I was a body to get, you know, arrested. The only thing I did ask their help on was Braschi to write a campaign, a postcard campaign to the governor, to, you know, work on the legislature to pass something that would be like Braschi, which didn't happen ; it happened through the courts. But the state actually, they didn't have to promulgate regulations. And there has been legislation regarding who's entitled to succeed to apartments because it included all surviving family members like children and grandchildren ; if they lived there for two years or if they lived there for at least a year, if you were sick and they were living in it. But you still have to hold yourself out to – people had to know you were there, you know, it was less difficult to prove your family, but it also included nieces and nephews and, you know, extended family, which some of which was shrunk later on. But it's still, you know, grandchildren, etc. But anyway, I don't know, I you know, I guess in some ways I think I felt a little bit defensive about not having had disclosed it in ‘89, but I just wasn't ready. I just, you know. And the thing about it, I mean I was going to be running for office and it just wasn't time to go around to people that I would need to go around to tell, you know, so that they wouldn’t find out. But more so, I just wasn't ready to put that on the table as part of the campaign or anything. Anyway, I lost. And that year New York City passed a new charter and the size of the council changed from 35 to 51 members. So the districts became smaller and... There – because the Supreme Court ruled that the way government was done in New York City was unconstitutional. So we had to change the way our government was. I teach this to my students, even though it's irrelevant because, you know, the old system doesn't – There used to be five borough presidents. They each had a vote on the board of estimate. There was a mayor, there was the president of the city council and a comptroller, and they each had two votes. And almost everything went through the board of estimate. The mayor created the budget that the board of estimate… really they would move things around. If it was land uses, zoning, they did it. So it was, you know, six votes for the citywides and five for the four presidents. And, you know, there'd be different alliances. And it wasn't a terrible way. It was, you know, no matter what kind of government, there's always going to be backroom stuff. So it probably was more backroom stuff. Some ways, I think it was fairer in some ways, but it was unconstitutional because, you know, having one person in Staten Island and having all that power and, you know, Brooklyn having whatever, six times that population having one person, on the board of estimates, so. And also something else. The reformers had done a lot of reform through the years for things that the sort of permanent government that, you know, what I – a term I learned during the marriage, grass tops people, you know, influential people. Anyway, where am I going with this? They’re always trying to reform the city council because the city council was always democratic and they didn't like that. So they you know, they tried proportional representation to try to get more Republicans and more conservative. Well, they got a couple, but they also got like communists and socialists, so. And so everything that they did, it didn't turn out the way they wanted to. They made it so that every borough could elect two borough wide city council members and they couldn't be from the same party. So every, you know, borough had one Democrat and then some had a liberal and some had a conservative, like Staten Island always had a conservative, but Brooklyn and Queens, they would go back and forth. Manhattan and the Bronx, always elected a liberal, but they really a Democrat. So anyway, it didn't work really in their favor either. But that was ruled unconstitutional too. That they got extra council members and with unequal populations. So we had to create a new – I say we. There was a charter commission and they made this new power of 51 new council members and they divided all that power up between the mayor, who was already very, very powerful, even with the board vested and the city council. And so… and this is what, when I teach this to my students now, I really realized for the past couple of semesters how ludicrous this sounds, but districts redrawn to enable certain underrepresented groups to win. So for instance, the district that I ran in was considered to be the gay winnable district, not that it was majority gay. Of course, it wasn't that there was a sizable lesbian and gay community, so it was thought, well, people might vote for a gay person there. Downtown there was an Asian winnable district. Was it majority Asian? No, it was... but there is a sizable Asian community. And there was a district drawn for a Dominican-American person to win. There was a district run for a Caribbean American to win. So the reason I, you know, I say it's like… At a time, I thought it was very important, I thought it was a very good idea and actually the gay community kind of worked closely with the Asian community in drawing districts so that we could each have a district. Anyway, now the Asian winnable district had not been represented by an Asian person till very recently, and then she served either eight or maybe 12 years because term limits were extended. But she had to run like five times before she won – four times before she won. And it's now represented by a non Asian person. But Flushing is represented by an Asian-American and the district where the St. Pat's for All Parade is, which includes Sunnyside, where Jimmy van Bramer, who’s actually more Irish than Van Bramer, was the councilmember, openly gay councilmember. Someone who is a friend and who worked on my campaigns and who also is able to start a gay organization at St John's University, which did not last after he was gone. But I don't know how he did it, but he snuck it in and it wasn't very big. He asked me to come and speak to them, and one of the women on it was from Ireland, and she actually turned out to be like an Olympic track star in Ireland when she went back from St John’s. Anyway, they don't allow that in Catholic Universities to this day, but he got it done at St. John's. So you know, no wonder he won the council seat. Anyway I thought it was, you know, a good idea, but this district in Sunnyside is represented by an Asian-American woman. But it's a very small Asian community there, you know. And, you know, other places are represented by gay people, even though they're not, you know, considered to be gay. There's a 22 year old now who represents a district in Brooklyn that includes like Crown Heights, which is predominantly Caribbean American and African-American and Orthodox and Hasidic Jewish people. And he's the councilmember there. So in a way, there's not really the same need for it, but at the time there was a need. And so I ran in the gay district and… in 1991. And this is a sort of an important story that I want to talk about because it's important for me to tell my own story. Yes. So let me beautify before I do that. So the new districts were created after the citizens of New York voted in this new form of government. And they voted in 1989. And there was to be an election in 1991 with new council districts that some of which were identity oriented. Make them winnable for various communities to win again, not because they were majority, but just because there was a substantial number of people who lived in the district who were of that group, the Dominican, gay, etc. So by this point I had decided to run again, I have to -- I need help finding a better analogy than this. But like it is a very special club. People who've lost an election and run again, because it had been like childbirth, like you only remember the good parts because some people are like, I'm never doing this again. But then there are some people like me that were like… not that it was -- actually, it's a sickness. In a way it's great, it has problems with it because you have to put your whole life on hold. And then after whether you win or you lose and I tell candidates all the time, I hope you win, but whether you win or lose, you're going to be depressed right afterwards. And I'll be there for you because all of a sudden everything comes on top -- everything that you have put off during the campaign because you're so focused, like all the bills you didn't pay, all the, you know, family stuff that you didn't take care of, like every other part of your life. You know, like, I don't know if you're watching The Real Housewives, you got to let that go like… you can't do anything because you're raising money, you're meeting people. So -- and I am a [inaudible]. So you could tell towards the end, I didn't have very many competitive races. So in 91, anyway, I decided that I was going to disclose my HIV status when I ran in 1991, and I started to put things in motion. It was sort of like, you know, a snowball effect. I told more people, I like joined the HIV positive caucus of Act Up. I know it's anonymous, but I went to HIV recovery meetings, you know, people of substance abuse and that but specifically for people living with HIV. I told more people, and it's actually something I always wanted to -- I thought this would be a good StoryCorps thing. My friend Laura Morrison, who worked on my -- as a paid staffer on my first campaign, who I met when I went up to Columbia Teachers College to speak before again when I was just a district leader and activist. And I remember she was very active in ACT UP, more active than I was. She got arrested at NBC and actually CBS, ABC and Public Television ; ACT UP people were able to get out in front of the cameras and say that ACT UP, Fight Back, Fight AIDS. But her group got caught. Apparently someone had to use the bathroom. And, you know, people on set heard that noise. She got arrested, well they all got arrested. She just didn't get a chance to go out and in front of the camera. Anyway, she was more active than I was in ACT UP, but a very good friend of mine. And she worked on my second campaign. And where, Christine Quinn I asked to be my campaign manager and, [sighs] I think some people will understand this, but not everyone will understand this. But we were -- I wanted to tell her, it was early on when I started telling people and I said, you know... In a way I -- You know, I'm.. I would prefer to have it. Like not that I wouldn't be, I was already an AIDS activist, I was already doing the work. But I felt a little bit like if there were people who had HIV and who were, you know, I wanted to be, you know, of them, and I didn't wish that I already had AIDS, really, I wouldn't have gone out and tried to get it or anything. But I guess I wanted... I don't know. I wanted to -- I can't quite explain it, but like, if people are going to be suffering less, and of course, a lot of people in recovery because they were injection drug users and non-gay people, I knew also who had it. So, you know, a lot of these people who I knew, many of whom I have loved, many of whom I like, some I was just acquainted with, if they were going to live with this, that I wanted to be part of that. And I would have been, you know, any way, even though I never, you know, it didn't matter whether you had it and you got arrested, whether you had HIV or not. But I don’t know. as I say, it's the way I feel, sort of the way I feel. And I think -- I’m not so sure everybody would think it's so great. But as I say, I wouldn't be going out to get it. But I wasn't surprised I had it. And I -- and by that time I was used to having the absolute knowledge that I had HIV. So I started to tell more people. And what happened was that because of the way they drew the districts, there was a woman, who was…her name was Liz Abzug. And I don't know all the facts on this, but there was a chance that she was going to run in this district. And she was not, not out as a lesbian. She wasn't really a political lesbian, if you know what I mean. She was a social lesbian, sort of. Anyway, she decided to run in the gay, winnable district. So now -- and it was also a time when… it was really an important time to empower women because of things that were happening in the country at that time. And so that I was a guy was, you know, kind of a disadvantage. Anyway, Liz Abzug is the daughter of Bella Abzug, the very progressive woman who I had worked to get elected to office, you know, And so the daughter of this, you know, feminist icon I’m running against, she's like, We're running against each other. And there was nothing else happening in New York City, so I’ll talk more about that a little bit later. Anyway, I asked Chris Quinn to be my campaign manager, and after she said yes, I sprung on her that I was going to announce my, not announce but disclose my HIV status. She was a tenant organizer and really, she was a great campaign manager, very smart, very good friend for a very long time. And my campaign consultant, when I told him I thought he was going to have a heart attack. And first, I'll have to talk about this thing that comes around, I was like I had a very active, too active sex life. And which I told him about. You know, I gave him all my negative research and he said, Oh, I think they're all going to vote for you, they're on a midnight registrations in my apartment. Anyway, then I think he was excited. And he was like, Oh, I might be able to work on the campaign if it's successful, you know, person. And there was only one other elected official in the country ; there was only one who was open about his HIV status. His name is Brian Coyle, and he's passed away. He actually passed away during that campaign and I knew him from meetings hat I went to for gay elected officials. He was a wonderful community organizer and just a really good guy. And anyway, because he had disclosed his HIV status. I called him and I said, Brian, how did you do it? And he said, Well, he said, I had a camera crew like from a local news station follow me around. And what would be like your New York magazine in Minneapolis followed me around. And it was just to see, like we said, it was just a story day in the life of a councilmember, but it was really leading up to disclosing his HIV status. So the story was embargoed and right before the story was going to come out on TV and in this newspaper, he thought to himself you know, the people in my district need to hear it from me especially, not the way everybody else like -- I have to you know, they’re my constituents, they like they deserve to know personally from me. So, he said, I wrote a letter and I sent it to everybody in the district. And I thought to myself, Thank you, Chris. Thank you. Because thank you… he was so -- He doesn't know -- maybe he does know how much he helped me, my mentor he was. But so I was like, that's it, I'm going to write a letter, you know, to the voters. To tell them so they would know that as they made up their minds who to vote for. And so that -- the campaign was like there was nothing else, literally. There was no mayor, no governor, no nothing. There wasn't even much happening nationally ; it was an odd year, an odd numbered year, ‘91. And so Liz comes out as a lesbian, like in a political way. Now I'm already like, like I'm a gay billboard. You know what I mean? But then I announce my HIV status, and there were people who thought that was like, you know, you can only imagine what Fox News would have done with that. I mean, it wasn't that bad. And a lot of people -- it was a very serious thing so. But there was some of the other stuff, which is, of course, the stuff I remember, not the good stuff. You know, the difficult stuff. Anyway, I know it was very, very difficult for her and she was not a good friend of hers, but we were friendly with each other. We liked each other. And I also knew her sister, who worked for an elected official. And I do have to do just a shoutout. The year between running for the city council and losing and then running and winning. That year I worked for another elected official. I worked for Elizabeth Holtzman, Liz Holtzman, who is another one -- an icon to me. She had been -- she was a member of Congress. She was fortunate enough to be on the Judiciary Committee during the Nixon Watergate time, and she was really a star that because she's so smart. And then she ran for the Senate and should have won, but because of the way New York is, you know, we have, you know, all these parties in addition to Democrat and Republican. And she won the Democratic primary, which was a tough race, but she won it. And Al D'Amato, a Republican, conservative Republican, beat a long time liberal Republican, as New York had Rockefeller, Javits left, which is… there were candidates that people in office had both the Republican and the liberal line. They were a certain brand of Republicans. Anyway, Alfonse D'Amato beat Jacob Javits, who remained on the liberal line, and Elizabeth Holtzman, similar to like a bad break that Bella Abzug had when she ran for the Senate. But some of that because Jacob Javits was still on the liberal line, she just fell short and she should have been a senator. She just should have been the senator. But New York is horrible for women, and maybe it's getting better now. But it was -- it's been a boys town. And, you know, people didn't like her. You know, she's does that whenever -- she's the smartest, the nicest, and has a great sense of humor. She's kind of shy, and actually a lot of times -- I was a shy kid. But we compensate. Oh, I overcompensate, maybe she doesn’t overcompensate as much as I do, but you could just -- But people really, you know, liked her, respected her. Anyway, I loved working for her for that year. All right, so back to the race. There's that sniff again. So I had enough people volunteering on my campaign, this is before the HIV disclosure, that we did our own poll. We didn't have to use an outside firm. We, you know, were able to make all the calls ourselves to get at random sampling. And one of the questions was, do you know someone who has AIDS? Maybe another question was or someone who is HIV positive? So based on that, that people -- this is something that people don't know a lot about because we live I don't know it. I think if I told this at the time, when you see what -- I would have seemed like craven or something, the way I did this, but I wanted to win, you know, there's no point in disclosing my status and losing. Anyway, actually. And then again, there's nothing wrong with this. We did focus groups. I didn't see any of them. The campaign did focus groups with some of these people and they showed them two letters. One was a professor who was up for tenure and telling the department head about their HIV status. And then the other was someone running for office. Just talking about if they were HIV positive and they would ask the people what they thought of that, Should the professor do that? Should this guy do this, who’s running for office? And apparently in the focus groups, older people who vote a lot. The older someone is, the more likely they are to vote. They were like a politician would never do that. But of course I'd vote for them. And the gay men are all saying, Oh, don't tell anybody. But I’d already decided to do it, you know, so it could have cut either way. It didn't seem like it was a big negative, you know. And it could have been a little bit positive, too. But who knows? But I wasn't, you know, I didn't know when I was going to send out the letter, but my campaign manager and, you know, people that I trusted, and my consultant is John [Houston] is his name. You know, they said, this has to be the first thing you send out to everybody. So I, along with John Astin, wrote a letter to the voters in the district disclosing my HIV status and telling him that I wanted them to know that before they made up their mind about who they were going to vote for. So, you know, I had a plan on how to disclose my HIV status because I wanted to win, and I wanted to disclose my HIV status. And I, you know, I talked about this and, you know, who knows what the futur – I think older people especially, but also gay men, like who knows what the future holds? Who knows when someone's – you know, I can't promise I'm not going to get sick. You know, I might. But right now, I'm very healthy and vigorous. And I think there's some other things that, you know, came from my heart, I think that also would indicate that like who I am and just, you know. Maybe you could read between the lines that I was an empathetic person. I'm not I'm not quite sure. But anyway, we put these plans in place, you know, and… So the time comes for the letter to go out, and we knew that there would be some press attention to it. And so we wanted a newspaper to do the story ; we wanted the New York Times to do it. And I had heard about, oh, I have to go see him. Phil Gutis, who I – lives in near New Hope now, had worked at The Times, and then he was working for the ACLU. And I asked him if he would help us and in particular, help us to plant a story in The New York Times the day that the letter was going to come out. Similar to what Brian Coyle did with the magazine and, you know. So he helped with that. He went to one of the editors who assigned a reporter who I spoke with before. And so the night that the letter went out, some people receiving it was also in the newspaper in The Times. And there was a tremendous media… it got a lot of press, you know, nationally even. So, you know, I got from like this little, you know, neighborhood kind of, you know, city council race to like, all right, now you have to learn to talk to the national media, you know what I mean? So it was – so I'm not – I became very unafraid to talk to the press after this, you know, because nothing could have beaten this. So – well marriage maybe, not beat it, but equal it. What happened was, then right after that, Larry Kramer and this guy named Roger McFarland, who worked for, uh, Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS, which is a theater group. They don't – they’re just called... I think they dropped the – I think they’re just called Broadway Cares now. I'm not sure they have Equity Fights AIDS as part of their name anymore. But anyway, he was the co-chair of it with this other guy, Tom Viola. But, Larry and Roger were in some sort of relationship and they planted in the paper that I was forced to disclose my status, which is exactly not what I did. And that story appeared in the Post. And then, so that narrative exists out there that, you know, I was forced to do it and I was not forced to do it. Like I made it so that I had to ; I had no choice but to do it. But that was of my own doing to, you know, you know, force myse – And I remember, you know, when I went for an interview at The New York Times, like I couldn't – I didn't feel like I could tell them that I had, like, been so intentional about how I was going to do it because – and I think probably they had it, you know, in their minds, because the endorsement meetings were after all this happened, that, you know, I was forced to do it. And they did it really, really, really, really, really upset me. And you can see now I – and it's sort of like leached into stories about me. And I – it's so terrible that it sort of tainted something that was only meant to do good. Like I didn't want people to think they should be forced to disclose their HIV status. Like that was not the message at all. But I think most people did get the – not everybody reads the Post, you know, of course. But I was angry about it, and Larry Kramer kept calling me up. He wanted to apologize, and I would not take his call. When I get angry my way, I close down and I’m like, Leave me alone. Don't try to make it better. I'll come back to you when I'm ready. And he kept calling and calling, and I wouldn't take his calls. Like if he had stopped calling me it might have been different. And then I got a letter ; I got lots of letters and phone calls and, you know, letters of support and everything, both, you know, in the district. But people I knew and just random people with HIV or people with whatever, people who had – people with chronic illnesses. So anyway, there was a letter that came in from a therapist, a woman, lesbian, who was a therapist. She was a friend of mine, had her return address, was addressed to me, and I opened it up and it was an apology letter from Larry Kramer. And I was so angry about that, too, because he forced, you know what I mean? Like it was a smart thing to do, I guess. But I was so upset about that, too, you know.. And I actually didn't forgive him for a very long time. And then years later, I called. I said, You know what – because he was sorry. I said, You know what Larry? I’m sorr – I said, We’re good. You know, not like I forgive you., but yeah, I forgive you. You know, I'm not mad. I don't want you to feel terrible about this anymore, you know? I want us to – it's okay. I never confronted Larry Kramer about it because it's just… I don't know why I didn't. I just feel like it would have been.. It might’ve just made it worse, you know? But they were supporting. Larry lived in the same building as Bella Abzug. They were supporting of Miss. Abzug, and that's why they did that. And the other thing that's happened, is so upsetting also. Many, many years later… Oh you know, so there was – anyway. So, many years later, Liz called me and she said, You know, I'm not the one that put that in the paper. I didn’t – And I said, Oh, my God Liz. Like I knew – I never thought she did. And I thought, Oh, my God, all these years she thought that I thought that she was behind that. And I never thought that. And I really felt terrible for her that she thought that, you know, I thought that she was to blame for that. And I knew she had nothing to do with it, you know. She was asked to comment in The Times and she made a very good comment. She said it shouldn't really make a difference in a campaign. People should vote for who they think is the best candidate. But, I think she got bad advice from someone. I actually know who probably gave her this advice when she was asked by the press the next day like that, the electronic media, as we called it then, and she said that she thought that it was opportunistic. And so a reporter at this big press conference said, Your opponent says that your disclosing your status is opportunistic. I couldn't have got a better question and she couldn't have said it you know, more... I don't know, slow pitched or whatever. And I was like, Well, it's an opportunity that I'd rather not have. She shouldn't have said that. She should have left the other thing. But it gave me a chance to say… even though I kind of told you that it's not something I’d rathe – but I did. But a normal thing would not want to have it – to not, you know, have that opportunity to, you know, have HIV and be able to disclose it. And by the way, I think that the… I don't know. Anyway, she got addressed by the Times that time, two years before I got addressed three times. And I just think that the [inaudible] meeting that happened after that. So I'm just telling this story because I – and I don't always tell it because I'm still upset about it, but it's out there and that's why I say I need to tell my own story. So that's why I'm telling you this story. But I don't know. You know, I hope you know, a hundred million people see this, but even if it's ten, it doesn't matter. I just, you know, on the record. And I think Larry died recently and I, you know, I forgave him. We never had – he doesn't even know I was mad. Well, he must have known I was angry with him, but he doesn't know that I forgave him or whatever. But anyway, I went on to win and I won, you know, pretty decisively. And, you know, I have deeper roots in the community. And, you know, there wasn't – it actually didn't have a lot to do with it. I mean, it got a lot of attention like that day maybe, and the national press covered it more. But the local press, you know, they move on to something else. And then from then on, it really was, you know. What… you know, our race between the two of us, and people have decided and I had deeper roots in the community than she did, you know, both in the queer community and, you know, just in neighborhood things. I had more things that I could point to, you know, a land use and zoning plan that I helped to write for Chelsea. And I was on, you know, the group that helped to decide what tenant should live in this development. But anyway, I was, you know, I couldn't help myself. It, you know, so they have talked about. I feel like – I just all that stuff just calls to me. So I have deeper roots in the community than she did, and I won decisively. I mean, I'm really sad about that, she thought she had – I knew she had to do with it. I'm not even sure she really wanted to run that much. But I think her mother wanted to, you know, serve, you know, a legacy. So anyway, what I can say this, you know, I won that race. It was actually much more arduous than the race in 1989. It was not fun, really. It was, you know, tough. And it was you know, I think global warming showed itself very much. So, it was really hot all summer long. And I – by rights, I should have lost weight because I'm a weight loser. But then they said, no, no, you can't lose weight, people will think you're getting sick. So every day I had to eat a pint of ice cream. It was so unfair, I didn’t get to lose weight. Anyway, you know. So then I was, you know, the first openly gay person to run with having had disclosed their HIV status in the United States. And Brian was the first to disclose – well, he was in office. And so certainly in the council and then again in the Senate, you know, the like the gay caucus was always meeting in my head. You know, the HIV caucus was always meeting in my head. But there were a lot of things that were to come where I really had to fight hard on behalf of people living with HIV. And it was actually… I think it gave it more strength because I was a person living with HIV. At one point, someone sent out postcards to Republicans in the Senate and that said, Does Tom Duane we really have HIV ; he's never been sick and he's gained like 500 pounds. They didn’t say 500 pounds, but they said like 100 pounds or something. And I had gained weight. I was more happy about that, but I know the HIV probably was... And I found out who did it ; I never did anything about it, but that was, you know. I had other things like, people signed me up for blood drives, someone took down my sign. So I did have some stuff like that, unpleasant things, but well, all of HIV is pretty – you know, the medication is, you know, pretty unpleasant. I don’t – you see these commercials everyone’s really happy. You know, they have great jobs and all these friends. I’m like, who wouldn’t want to – No, no, no. I'm telling you. The stuff I take is powerful and poisonous. And, you know. No, you don't want it. But I don't – there isn't anyone with HIV in the legislature, in either house, in Albany still. And I don't think there's anyone on the city council. I mean, there may be. Actually, I know someone who does have it in the assembly, but he has never – he doesn't disclose it. So, which I actually encouraged him to do it, but he didn't. Anyway, you know, the AIDS crisis is still not over now, it's just it's a disease of poverty now, you know. And I'm still on a state advisory committee and I want to get off and I've been on it for so many years, but I'm like the only one that, like, refuses to say that it's okay to test people without their knowledge, without doing like just at least a little bit of counseling, at least to ask them if they want the test, you know, I mean? And there really is a stigma. Like you have to tell people like they're laws against discriminating against you and you're entitled to health care like all these things. But most of the people on this advisory committee work in AIDS organizations. So, of course they don’t feel stigma. But if they ask any of their clients, Is there stigma in their community, they'll say, yes, there is stigma. Like who would hire me? I'm expensive, you know, I mean, now Medicare, they have to take you. But I mean, corporations…are they gonna hire someone who's HIV – no! The medications are very expensive. Maybe they will if it's a huge corporation, but it's not an advantageous thing, you know. It is something I'd rather not have, except that's not completely true. But, you know, if I was an average person and I used to say that and they said it like, who would hire me? You know, this is like and I said – I would say to tell the people, yeah, you don't have stigma because you work in the field. Although maybe you do have a little stigma but you wouldn’t admit to it. Like don’t we all? Don’t I even – everybody has a little homophobia, everyone has a little sexism, racism. Everyone is you know AIDS-phobic a little bit even if you work in the field. There's still stigma. Maybe you're not a perpetrator of that, but there's stigma and there's discrimination. And it's something that you really have to talk to people about. And most people will decide to take the test. You know, most people will because then they can stay alive, anyway. So. Yes, I disclosed my HIV status and then everything from that happened. MF: Well, I felt like this was a good place to end. We sort of have talked about your movement post-graduation, work in tenant associations, advertising and magazines a little bit, and then really your political career through a city council run and loss to a city council win. Tomorrow could we start with what happens with the win? What are you doing on city council? Would that be a good place to start? TD: Yes. Yes. MF: I loved this interview today. I felt like I learned a lot. Thank you so much for speaking with us today. TD: Well, I think there's... The truth is, I think there's a part of me that's like, a little reticent about like, I do want to tell my story, but it's also – it's. I don't know, it's. There's a lot to pull out. And there are other things that were happening which I… which we'll talk about that were happening at the same time in my life. In my personal life, too. Everyone should know that I do. I do have a time management issue. It's a part of my ADHD, and I know it sounds like an excuse. It is an excuse, but I usually have coping mechanisms to making that so. But, for purposes of this interview. I was very late today and I – it was terrible that I was so late to this interview. And I don't – I mean, maybe it was a little bit like I'm a little [cough heard in background], but I signed up for it and I'm glad that I did it, have done it. And I will be on time tomorrow, I promise. I'm on time to my therapy appointments, to my recovery. Like I'm usually – I don't know what happened today. Is there MF: It’s totally fine TD: – And we must be moving up towards a full moon because that's a bad time. And then when the moon is full, things are kind of good on the slide down. I have to check and see where exactly where we're at on the whole... anyway. MF: We were just happy to drive into New York and we're happy to sit with you here today and we look forward to tomorrow. I'm excited about it. TD: Your president was here for a couple of days. MF: Oh, really? TD: And he invited – in fact, he invited…even I was invited to go meet him up atTavern On the Green, but I couldn't do it. So it’ll be the another opportunity, maybe when I go back. MF: Are you coming for the graduatio – Are you coming for this reunion? TD: I think so. My 50th high school reunion is tomorrow night. MF: Oh, my gosh. Fun. TD: So I won't be full hair and makeup here. But yes, the last one I went to, you know what I found out? Even the popular kids, it was very stressful for them because apparently it's very hard to keep that status. Who knew? Everybody was a mess. And it was funny because a lot of the, Who did you have a crush on? You know, and I did have a couple of crushes and I probably mentioned a couple names, but I always would put their name, And of course you, which wasn’t always true. Boys like to be, you know, they want admirers too, even from gay guys. So, anyway. MF: Well, I look forward to tomorrow morning and thank you so much again. Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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Thomas Duane, April 1, 2022 (Part 2)
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Thomas Duane talks about his life after Lehigh University organizing in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, time in office as a district leader and city councilmember, and his experiences as the first and only openly gay, HIV-positive member of the New York State legislature.
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LGBT-37
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2022-04-01
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and Archives
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Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - )
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Mary Foltz
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Thomas Duane
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5.4 April 2, 2022 Thomas Duane, April 2, 2022 (Part 3) LGBT-31 1:38:15 LVLGBT-2022 Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - ) Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository Support for the collection of this interview was provided by the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS). trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Thomas Duane Mary Foltz video/mp4 DuaneThomas_20220402.mov 1.0:|31(5)|64(14)|87(11)|114(5)|139(3)|168(5)|187(9)|208(6)|231(7)|250(7)|269(17)|294(4)|313(17)|334(16)|353(4)|380(9)|401(5)|422(14)|451(5)|472(16)|495(13)|520(7)|547(6)|576(12)|601(8)|622(12)|643(11)|664(13)|687(10)|706(9)|727(6)|752(7)|769(13)|792(14)|821(7)|846(7)|869(6)|892(10)|921(6)|944(5)|965(5)|984(4)|1009(6)|1032(5)|1055(5)|1078(6)|1097(5)|1116(13)|1141(3)|1160(12)|1185(12)|1210(16)|1237(7)|1260(7)|1287(4)|1304(10)|1327(3)|1352(13)|1373(3)|1392(5)|1417(6)|1438(13)|1461(10)|1484(14)|1507(13)|1534(16)|1557(11)|1580(16)|1603(4)|1628(9)|1649(4)|1678(17)|1709(13)|1740(11)|1769(7)|1790(8)|1817(11)|1834(15)|1861(9)|1884(10)|1911(11)|1940(6)|1967(5)|1994(16)|2019(9)|2046(12)|2071(5)|2094(15)|2119(4)|2144(2)|2177(2)|2206(4)|2227(11)|2252(13)|2277(17)|2300(15)|2333(4)|2366(16)|2377(10) 0 https://youtu.be/uMdnRN9RYm8 YouTube video English 0 Interview Introductions MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, and I'm here again with Senator Thomas Duane to talk about his life and experiences as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. Our project has funding from ACLS, and today we are meeting again at his offices in Manhattan, and it's April 2nd, 2022. So earlier we signed a consent form. I'm just going to go back through some consent questions. Do you consent to this interview today? 
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 ; THOMAS DUANE: Yes. 0 364 Motivation for Running for City Council
 ; MF: Well, we're so glad to talk to you again today. And yesterday we ended in 1991. We talked about your runs for city council and your successful run for city council. And I want to start today, I know we're going to move into your work on city council, but I just I wanted to start with why did you run for city council? What were the issues that mattered to you that inspired that run? Could you talk a little bit about, you know, why city council? Why did you decide to run? 
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 ; TD: Well. There was no openly gay member on the city council when I ran in ‘89, you know, sort of around ‘85 and somebody actually ran very many years before that, Jim Owles is his name, and also lost. But the person who ran before me, David Berg, did very well. And, I just thought it was important that there be an openly queer person on the city council and the district after ‘89 was drawn to make it more… to give a better shot -- to give to make the odds better for a gay person to win. 0 906 Joy of the Journey TD: And this is a terrible way to talk about this, except for it's kind of the right way, but it's inappropriate, but it's perfect, you know, and I even say this to my students, oh, my gosh, if anyone ever sees this. But I do preface it by like, I know this is inappropriate and I just-- but, you know, I need to explain something to you as you move forward in life. I said it's the joy of the journey, which is a which is a 12-step slogan. 0 1100 Concentrating on Supporters TD: And I oftentimes tell people running for office that, you know, we can always talk about the orgasm part, but I do say, like be present in the moment while you’re doing this because this really is like the, you know, this is -- I mean, it's best to win, it is better than losing, but it's really being present, you know, as it goes through. And just concentrate on the people that are unexpectedly for you, not the people that you thought were going to be for you, but aren't, you know, focus on the ones that are for you. 0 1451 Unfair Press Coverage / Fashion Sense TD: And I just I complained at one point, I believe, about how, you know, I always noticed that when women elected officials are covered in the press, even though they're trying to be better now, but the press would always talk about what they were wearing or what their hair was like. And I used to get that, too. 0 1590 City Council Endeavors / Setting Regulations MF: You do have that cool factor. I want to talk about -- So you get into office 1991. What's happening on city council at that time? What are the big issues that you're facing with city council? What are you fighting for at that time? 
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 ; TD: Well, I think people. Like me, maybe originally think that you get elected to house the homeless and feed the hungry. And that is something that is always there. It's something, you know, I'm always fighting for. But it was also about sidewalk cafes and discothèques and, you know, quality of life issues, which was [inaudible] because there were things that I hadn't really noticed before, for instance. Whether you call them peddlers or vendors, but people on the street who would put their wares out on the sidewalk, some people really hate that. I never even really noticed. I just thought, you know, it came with the territory. In fact, right across the street from where I live, there were people who would put things out. 0 1921 Discothèques TD: Noise complaints at the time, discothèques, discos were very big and they were both gay and non-gay and they tended to be concentrated in my district and some of them, many of them, you know, absolutely no problems and nobody complained about them. But sometimes when a place would become less in and say sort of a way that these places where first it would be gay, then it would be slowly but surely more heterosexual, white, heterosexual, and then it would mostly become people of color, be it was, say, urban youth. And but the responsibility for how a disco was many, many owners of these places licensed it out to promoters. 0 2161 Loftdwellers / Ensuring Habitable Real Estate/Living Conditions for New Yorkers TD: Again, I had a lot of especially, I then, but in my district I had a lot of loft dwellers who had moved into manufacturing or commercial spaces and had fixed them up and they had to fight landlords to be allowed to stay. So, there was a whole battle over saving tenants who were lofts. And I got even more when I was elected to the Senate because I got all of SoHo and TriBeCa where there were, you know, even more of these lofts. 0 2642 Fighting for Tenants TD: But, of course, I was fighting for a lot of other, you know, you know, on behalf of tenants. And I got you know, I passed a bill and again, this has been improved upon after I left, but it made it illegal for a landlord to discriminate against someone based on how they paid their rent. So people are probably familiar with the Section Eight program. So it would be illegal to discriminate against someone because they paid their rent with a Section Eight voucher. 0 2754 Division of AIDS Services (DAS) TD: So I like that bill a lot, actually, and I'm glad that it got built upon. You know, another bill to make it so that buildings would have the lighting outside to make the streets safer. And but, you know, the two -- maybe the two things that I'll be most remembered for. Maybe the two biggest things. One was, I'm putting -- there was an agency that was started by Mayor Ed Koch and continued through Mayor Dinkins. And it put within our city human resources department where people get their entitlements or their benefits, government benefits, something called the Division of AIDS Services, DAS. It’s now called HASA, [HIV/AIDS Services Administration]. At the time, it was DHS, and when Mayor Giuliani was running for office, he said that he'd heard from people that it didn't work that well. 0 2947 Speaking Against Homophobic Comments in Council TD: And really, I was able to only because of my press visit, you know, when I said earlier where, you know, because it was the case, but it's also having a seat at the table. I'm sorry. I should have said that. That's maybe the most important thing that changes everything to have a seat at the table. And so my being there was very helpful. And I had had a. When I first got elected to the council, the chair of the health committee had been there for a very long time and was kind of an old fashioned gentlemen, I’ll say. He was quoted in the papers as saying that gay rights caused AIDS. 0 3341 Creating Fair Treatment for HIV/AIDS Patients TD: Well, the battle continued to stop the you know, reconfiguring, reforming the Division of AIDS Services, you know, and one of the things that happened was by… Well, every year in the budget, everybody in the council would fight to stop the mayor's cuts to the Division of AIDS Services. So that was very important and they were very sensitive to that. And that was very you know, that's no substitute for a seat at the table kind of thing. So not just because of being gay, but the HIV was very powerful for making that be a reality that everyone then cared a little bit. I mean, many of them did care about the Division of AIDS Services, but they cared maybe just a little bit more now that they understood the stakes are so high that, you know, there was a possibility of under, you know. 0 3847 Battling for Domestic Partner Benefits TD: The other thing that I'm probably very known for was a battle to provide domestic partner benefits, which would only go to city employees. You couldn't mandate that private employers would provide domestic partnership benefits. But previously there had been a bill where there was just a registry, and that entitles you to visit whoever it was in the hospital and I don't even think you got benefits, but it was just a place to sort of recognize your relationship in some way. 0 4131 Advocating for Community-Created Land and Zoning Plans / Attempting to Create Affordable Housing TD: But, you know, I also was a big champion of communities being able to create their own land use and zoning plans. So there was in the new city charter which made 51 city councilman was there something in there that said that a community board could bring forward their own land use and zoning plan. They had to go through, you know, reviews and hearings and everything for the plan. And then the City Planning Commission would have to decide whether or not to accept it. 0 4365 Chelsea Planning Committee TD: And the Chelsea Planning Committee had been, it was a combination of, like, small business owners and people who cared deeply about preservation because we expanded the Chelsea historic district and housing activists and just, you know, average citizens in Chelsea that all wanted to sort of preserve the character of the neighborhood. And everybody got everything they wanted except for the people who were fighting for low income housing, really, more or less my team, are the ones that got blocked out. 0 4633 Keeping Records / Sign-on Letters TD: Oh. I'm trying to think if there's -- I mean, I could list, you know, a whole number of things that I did that were, you know, really very good things, just not very high profile. But let me say I also did something. There were a few things that I started. We used to cut out – this is me with scissors -- cut out newspaper articles if I was in it, and we kept them in scrapbooks, and we also kept every letter that we wrote about anything, because a lot of them could be, you know, reused in a way. 0 4745 Community Boards TD: And the other thing I did was elected officials go to these community boards, which I've talked about. Over 50 members from neighborhoods that make advisory just, you know, resolutions to be sent to elected officials and to the city government, sometimes even to state. And I would -- and what would happen is a good staff member who you would send to that community board, would they say, and the council member did this, the council member did that. 0 4984 Learning New Things While on Council / ConEd TD: And I, I feel strongly -- I want people to be able to do that. And one of the reasons I love being on the city council is we had lots and lots of public hearings on the city council. And I loved learning new things. And, you know, I know a lot about a few things and a little about a lot of things but I know not very much at all about a lot of things. And I would learn things in a [inaudible] they worked in the constituent issues where if they were focused on an issue, I would say go for it because I could be the mouthpiece for it. But it made me smarter too. 0 5174 Transforming Real Estate for Community Organizations TD: You know, there was a, you know, real estate wasn't doing that well in the early nineties. And there's this city owned building. It had been a library and the city wanted to sell it. And the local community board… and I supported this wholeheartedly because it had to go through city government, set aside for some kind of social services group. So, I mean, you could be the coalition for the homeless. It really could have been -- it turned out to be God's Love We Deliver, which is fine. And so they've been there ever since. They don't just -- God's Love We Deliver is a food delivery program for people with AIDS, that was much needed. And, you know, in the days of HIV and AIDS where there is -- when it was wasting disease. 0 5411 Closing Remarks MF: Well, I apologize, but we're going to have to stop because our video camera has -- we've taken up all of storage space.
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 ; TD: This is what happens with my relationships, too. They get tired of me. [laughs] 
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 ; MF: But we're not tired of the you we just ran out of the ability to save the interview. 
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 ; TD: Well. 0 MovingImage Thomas Duane describes his time in the New York City Council, advocating for the LGBTQ+ community, fighting for the Division of AIDS Services (DAS), and working to ensure habitable living conditions for New Yorkers. MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, and I'm here again with Senator Thomas Duane to talk about his life and experiences as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. Our project has funding from ACLS, and today we are meeting again at his offices in Manhattan and it's April 2nd, 2022. So earlier we signed a consent form. I'm just going to go back through some consent questions. Do you consent to this interview today? THOMAS DUANE: Yes. MF: And do you consent to having this interview transcribed, digitized and made publicly available online and in searchable formats? TD: Absolutely, yes. MF: And do you consent to the LGBT archive using your interview for educational purposes that could include films, articles, websites, presentations or other formats? TD: Does that mean they'll know I'm gay? MF: Yes, it does mean that. TD: All right. All right. MF: So that's a yes. TD: Yes. MF: And then just like the yesterday, you'll have 30 days to review the transcript and then decide if you want to pull the interview. We'll just delete it. You could delete parts of the interview or you can contribute the whole thing. Okay. TD: Yes, I got this thing. Will, I really read it? You know what I mean? Right. You know, let's say best efforts to read it, but I doubt I'll take anything out. But you never know. MF: Well, you'll have the opportunity to do that. And we won't post it -- TD: Read like, a couple of hours about me, but I mean. MF: Well, you'll have that offer. So we ended -- TD: Call my therapist like "hello?" MF: Yeah, well, your therapist could review the draft. [laughs] So yesterday I was just so grateful to talk to you yesterday. And thank you so much for talking with me again today. TD: I think it's important that people know that every day that I've been filmed, I have been late. I have arrived late. I do have a lateness issue, but it's been a little extreme so. Usually it's best to tell me an hour before, like lie about the time. But then I'm not always that way. It's just it's an occasional thing. It's part of my ADHD, which I didn't find out I had til I was in my forties. I don't know what I have talked about that, but my therapist at the time said, you know, you might have ADHD and his wife, who is an art therapist, has ADHD. Or A.D.D. or whatever. It's, you know, it's a spectrum, I guess. And he's said why don't you go see Dr. so and so, he's an expert in the field. So, I went to see him and he gave me a test. Fortunately, no homework. He just asked me questions. I answered them and then he said that is the highest -- or you are off the charts. It was like the best grade I ever got in an exam. And but it just made -- then I was like, oh. Because my default is "I'm stupid and lazy and can't follow directions". And that's, you know. It's because of my, you know, the way I learn things. And, you know, I'm not stupid. I mean, I don't think I'm the smartest person in the room usually, but, you know, I can compete. I'm not lazy. Like I got elected to office, it's not, you know. But I don't really follow directions very well. That is true. I mean, sometimes I do, but I mean, like, you know, how to set up something, you know, a new TV or something just to tear it up because it's written by people who already know how to do it. Like, I need someone to write it who's, like, doing it, you know, learning how to do it. Like, I am. So as soon as I, you know, explain to me, show me. Don't do it for me, but let me do it and, you know, make mistakes. And then once I got it, I got it. But it just takes me. I don't know whether you should. I could stay longer. I need to look at it in a different way. But did -- because the first year after that, I really I cried a few times. I think, you know, that's what it is. Because, you know, my family used to say, you don't stick to anything, which I guess is which is a combination of all of, you know, I didn't get as good grades as my brothers and, you know, I get an A in something and they'd be like, oh you're going to get an A in that, why don't you get an A in everything. Like, you don't know how hard it was to get that A. And I, by the way, I did like I was -- I just wasn't the top class. It was like this second class out of nine. But, you know, so it was a -- you know, even though it was very good, it was a self-esteem issue that I couldn't, you know, measure up. And I sometimes say, you know, I exceled at everything that my parents hated. So, you know, anyway, but that was important information for me because then I knew sometimes when someone tried to explain something to me that I would say, you know, we'll tell you a little bit about it and let me ask questions. And then after, if there's more that you think I should know, then tell me then. But if you just keep going, I'm just going to get lost and, you know, keep stopping this question. So let me just do it this way. We'll save a lot of time. It really, you know, it helped. And then people got used to my way of figuring things out, you know, anyway. MF: Well, you were on time today, I just wanna say. So, and we were the ones that were behind. TD: Because I took the subway, which is just one stop. Although I don't want to support the subways and boost the ridership. Ordinarily, I would walk here, but then I'd be all sweaty when I arrived. So I thought it would be better if I was cool, calm, and collected when I got here. Anyway... MF: Well, we're so glad to talk to you again today. And yesterday we ended in 1991. We talked about your runs for city council and your successful run for city council. And I want to start today, I know we're going to move into your work on city council, but I just I wanted to start with why did you run for city council? What were the issues that mattered to you that inspired that run? Could you talk a little bit about, you know, why city council? Why did you decide to run? TD: Well. There was no openly gay member on the city council when I ran in '89, you know, sort of around '85 and somebody actually ran very many years before that, Jim Owles is his name, and also lost. But the person who ran before me, David Berg, did very well. And, I just thought it was important that there be an openly queer person on the city council and the district after '89 was drawn to make it more-- to give a better shot -- to give to make the odds better for a gay person to win. And, it's a tough question in a way, because I'm going to sort of preface it with something else. I had a -- he's still alive, but he's just not living in New York. Had a very good friend who is a police officer. And when I was campaigning in 1989, I bumped into him on the street. I knew him a little bit from the neighborhood, but I didn't know he was a police officer and he asked me a lot of questions. And I guess I did okay. And then he said, you know, I'm a police officer. I said, oh, no, I didn't know that. And he you know, in the course of the conversation, he said, you know, I was called to do this work to be a police officer. It's more or less a vocation, like some become a priest, or a minister, or rabbi. It just it called me, it pulled me. I didn't really have any choice. And that made a lot of sense to me. And it's not that I had never run for something before, obviously I'd run for district leader. And I'm sure I think I ran for, I may have run for something at Lehigh, but I wasn't like [inaudible]. Well, I would -- I always thought of myself as not very competitive, but actually I think I'm bloodthirsty competitive. I mean, I don't know if I could have hurt people, but like, I'm, you know, focused and determined. But I did have all this community experience, you know, neighborhood issues and also the LGBTQIA things and the HIV crisis, the AIDS crisis was still raging. So, I feel as if I was called to do it. And on some level, I just knew that I could. And it's hard. I talked about, you know, I ran and then I lost, but I ran again. And it is a special, you know, club of people who are willing to do it again. So, I feel like the pull was very strong to do it. And so I think that's why I feel like I had no choice in a way. But I also was very aware that, you know, I could get a lot done and everyone could do an awful lot without a title, you know, without a public office. But it's a helpful tool, you know, so that was -- I also factored that in that it would be a good way to bring attention to things that I cared about. And I like people. And actually, I was a painfully, pathologically shy child. And whenever I started school and really, you know, elementary school and high school and Lehigh, in the beginning I would be very shy, not -- I don't know whether I was afraid or not as time went on. But until I got the lay of the land and then I could, you know, come out as myself. But there is something a little, you know. I mean, I have a few very good friends that know everything about me. And if they don't, it's just because, you know, I forgot. You know, we just didn't talk about it, but I would speak with him about it. But I think I was able to overcome this shyness. And it's sort of easier if there's just something between me and you. I don't have to be on a stage or something. But, you know, if I'm campaigning and I have to go up to strangers like I'm going to hand them a flier or someone else is going to like the reason that I'm doing it. So, it's not just, oh, all of a sudden, you know, we're really good friends, although I really like people a lot. So, the shyness, it's a paradox, you know, and I -- and it does account for some when I talk about my sort of intimacy issues and, you know, close sort of romantic relationships, you know, it does kind of make sense then also. But I also have this, you know, I said I've said that, you know, children, teenagers, animals feel safe around me. And I feel I love that about myself. I feel like it's a gift. And I also, I'm very empathetic and I can take in people's pain like I'm someone that people can talk to about something painful in their lives. But, in a way that I want to say, it doesn't take a toll like I'm able to do it. It does a little bit take a toll on me when I think back on it. But it's more the toll is more like, you know, it's like sort of like an even deeper empathy in a way, you know, with how brave it is for people to go through the things that they go through. And, you know, I am the keeper of many, many, many, many secrets. And I'll go to my grave, you know, people who are queer, people who maybe -- people living with HIV, people who had a person in their family who died of AIDS. But they don't tell people. But that also translates into other, you know, people who are, I don't wanna say outliers because there's never just one person. But you know someone who there's something unique and special and you know about them or, something that's happened to them or someone in their family that they. It's painful for them to share, but it's important. And I'm open to hearing about that. And I don't, I won't ever tell anybody about it. I'll sometimes if I see you again, I'll repeat back to you what you told me. And I realized some people would get startled and I would be like, No, no, no, no. I'm just telling you, you know, I just want you to know that I remember what you said. Like, I saw you. And I'm only telling you that I remember our conversation and what that was. And sometimes that impacted what I ended up fighting for in office too, things that had happened with people and I think I was always that way. And I think it's something my, certainly my mother, you know, in her good moments, of which there were many, but not all. Something that she did reference about me, that she did know that about me and, so I feel fortunate also. And I brought that into my political life, my community activist life, and then my my political life and running for office. So, I was called to do it. And really, I feel like I had no choice. I just had to do it the next thing that I was supposed to do. And this is a terrible way to talk about this, except for it's kind of the right way, but it's inappropriate, but it's perfect, you know, and I even say this to my students, oh, my gosh, if anyone ever sees this. But I do preface it by like, I know this is inappropriate and I just-- but, you know, I need to explain something to you as you move forward in life. I said it's the joy of the journey, which is a which is a 12-step slogan. And it really is the joy of the journey. And I see, you know, if you have a goal and you're going towards it, they be present and like enjoy your way to it and maybe you end up going in a different direction because something has happened along the way. But when you achieve whatever it is that you wanted to achieve, it's kind of like having an orgasm. Like the good part is the foreplay. Then, you know, when you get there, when you have the orgasm, it's over. So, and then you have to think about what's next. So, I just urge you to, you know, enjoy this part of it as you go towards whatever it is that you are going towards. And I'm not sure I always did that, you know, that I stopped to do it and I have kind of learned, or I'm better at not giving advice when it's not asked for. And, you know, there are two kinds of advice. Someone might ask, do they want confirmation of what they already think, or do they really want advice? And I often ask them, do you want me to, you know, agree with you? Or say, that's fine, you know, or do you really want my advice? But I got to meet Congressmember Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and I talked with her a little bit and she's just as amazing as you would think she is. And she didn't know who I was, and she talked to me anyway. She's just so smart and just so nice and open and, like, I love her. And, when we stopped talking, she was kind of walking, we were on a platform together. And I went over to her and I said, You know, I don't I really I don't usually give people unsolicited advice. But I said, you know, ask some your staff to make sure that you put aside a half an hour or an hour to write down what's happened in that day, because you'll probably remember it, but I always wished I had kept a diary of what happened. And because it's going to be very important in you're living during amazing times. So, I don't know whether she did it or not. And, you know, I didn't even know, I kind of knew I should. So it's fine if she doesn't, and she actually because of social media and many other things, there'll be more of a record of, you know, what her life is like, but, there's also always an internal thing that goes on and like, I'm very good at sharing that about myself. She's very good about sharing personal things about herself, but there is always sort of another level to everything. So that was it. And I oftentimes tell people running for office that, you know, we can always talk about the orgasm part, but I do say, like be present in the moment while you're doing this because this really is like the, you know, this is -- I mean, it's best to win, it is better than losing, but it's really being present, you know, as it goes through. And just concentrate on the people that are unexpectedly for you, not the people that you thought were going to be for you, but aren't, you know, focus on the ones that are for you. And, you know, you have to be kind to the ones that for have a reason, you know, aren't. But don't worry about them right now. Just focus on the people that are supporting you, especially the people who are. Don't take for granted people who are, you know, of course, what they would be for you. But, you know, also concentrate or give, you know, I've taken the feeling good about the people who support you, who you never thought were going to support you or came to help you just -- and you don't know why. That and, if you don't believe what you're saying about an issue, people -- I believe people can tell you're not telling the truth. And so the only thing is that I also learned is that I usually wouldn't take it unless there's a press conference and take a question from a reporter. But in those cases I would practice before, but I had a very good consultant later on. His name is Margot and he, whenever I ask him about a difficult issue, he would always start off with, What do you think? What do you think? You know? And then we could talk about a way to frame it in a way that people could hear it. So I didn't change my position at all, but I was able to explain, give my, you know, position and explain it in a way that people could hear it. Because I also had another wise professor at the JFK School who said, I only do that, just I mean, I'm honored to have gone there. It was a wonderful experience. It really was. And just there was so much wisdom. And he said, and I can't remember why. Okay, I'm a ground. Oh, that politics is oftentimes like the art of telling people something that they can't hear or that they don't want to hear in a way that, you know, they are able to hear to the best of their ability, that you can say it to them, you know, in a way that they can hear it, even if they don't agree with you. So there's a way to tell people things that they may not agree with, that you know, makes it easier for them to hear. And I think that I did that because I had that big experience with, like, the national press when I was running in '91 that whenever possible, I knew what my positions were on things. But I did try to think of the best ways to say it so that people could hear it and understand it. And, you know, many times it's something that, you know, it's personal, the reason that I feel a certain way and I was fortunate my district was pretty progressive in some ways. I think I was more progressive than they were, but I think they liked that I was a little bit more progressive than they were, you know, because they had other responsibilities, you know, protecting whatever their families or, I don't know, their businesses or whatever it maybe I did something that might not seem like it would be in the best interests of their family. But on the other hand, I think that they sometimes wanted to be altruistic and wanted me to do that on their behalf, even if they themselves couldn't do it and I was in a position to do it. As I say, my face is turning red. For some reason I'm having a shame attack about I'm saying good things about myself. So this is what happens. I have a shame attack, which is something. Thanks, Dad. It starts here and it comes up, and then my face turns red. And I didn't say anything I should be ashamed of, but it just it's an automatic, you know, response. And I lived with a lot of shame in my life. And it wasn't until there was an absence of shame in my life because of work that I had done and myself to get, you know, psychologically, spiritually better. It wasn't until I had a lack of shame or that I realized when I was feeling shame because I lived with shame almost all the time, which is kind of a heavy burden. But I, you know, I moved on through it, but I am glad that I figured that out, that, that I don't have to take on shame that doesn't belong to me, even if my body doesn't always reflect that like I know here. But this just red, you know, I'm Irish, so, you know, red. You can really see it. Anyway. MF: I can't see it. You're a little flushed, but you're glowy. TD: And it's because I of my COVID beard, which I never had before. I was, you know, the clean shaven, wholesome, dressed like a Republican elected official. Even though I was for [laughs] -- some of my best friends -- I know people are no - I know people who are Republicans. But you know, I'm a very, very liberal Democrat. So, but I dress you know, I dress like every other elected official, you know, dressed. And, you know, I think it's a nice tie. Right? I have pretty good taste in ties. MF: I love your tie. TD: And I said it's a little too fall-ish for this since we're talking in the spring but still I think I hope it's popping. MF: It's popping. TD: And I just I complained at one point, I believe, about how, you know, I always noticed that when women elected officials are covered in the press, even though they're trying to be better now, but the press would always talk about what they were wearing or what their hair was like. And I used to get that, too. You know, people would comment on what I was wearing and my council, nobody who I love. I just loved him. He is a heterosexual. And he noticed very early on that that was something that happened. And, you know, it's not something that I didn't push back against it. It just was -- it wasn't worth the fight. But it made me very, again, you know, empathetic towards what women have to go through. And it also I mean. Well, I mean. Comments about things like that. I often -- people of color get comments like that, too, you know, like heterosexual white males, men who I realized have stuff too. Sometimes their lives are not easy, but that's not really usually commented on what their tie was, what shirt they were wearing, you know what I mean, or what if they got a haircut? It's not -- but anyone who's not, it's something that comes up as a description of them as if, you know, I want to make sure that it's presumed that you're, you know, a heterosexual white male unless you, like, say things to make it obvious that the person is not that, you know, anyway. I digress. But I was called to do it because I have such a great fashion sense. No, I did represent FIT, Fashion Institute of Technology, which I love, but, oh. One time I was in the elevator at FIT going to a community meeting and there was some students from FIT and I just get to, like, an off-price store and bought a pair of shoes and I -- so I was out with these kids, and I said to him, What do you think of these shoes? They're like, Oh they're cool. And I -- yes. That made my day. Yes, I could still have, you know, that cool factor. So, anyway. MF: You do have that cool factor. I want to talk about -- So you get into office 1991. What's happening on city council at that time? What are the big issues that you're facing with city council? What are you fighting for at that time? TD: Well, I think people. Like me, maybe originally think that you get elected to house the homeless and feed the hungry. And that is something that is always there. It's something, you know, I'm always fighting for. But it was also about sidewalk cafes and discothèques and, you know, quality of life issues, which was [inaudible] because there were things that I hadn't really noticed before, for instance. Whether you call them peddlers or vendors, but people on the street who would put their wares out on the sidewalk, some people really hate that. I never even really noticed. I just thought, you know, it came with the territory. In fact, right across the street from where I live, there were people who would put things out. And it's a bit of a complicated issue, which you can never say never say something is complicated because. Even if it is. There are laws covering which you can vend and where you can vend. But if you are selling used books or magazines that's protected by the First Amendment, you can't tell someone like that to move. You can say you have to be a certain number of feet away from a door to a store or a subway grate. So there are regulations about where you can do that. And, you know. A lot of these people are, you know, somewhat marginalized. And I was not -- and I was empathetic towards everyone to put them out of business. But I remember going out with a measuring tape with some people from a block association, you know, to be sure that they're within the regulations. And I had to be, you know, the law is the law, you know, and if I don't like the law, then I should, you know, fight to change it. And so quality of life issues was, you know, a huge thing. There's an area in my district, the meatpacking district, which for it was really exactly what it's called, Meatpacking district. You would see, you know, cows was hanging from these things outside, which is now a historic district. So they've kept these sort of overhangs over the buildings in many places. But the only people who were there were the people who worked in the meat industry. And many of them were in the butchers union, I know. And but there were also a couple of gay bars opened in that area so then there were gay people there and then sex workers and I'll just say in this case, predominantly non-binary sex workers, whether they still had male genitalia or not, sort of started to move away from Times Square because this is an issue that came up. Tom Duane and Rudy Giuliani [inaudible] which I'll get to, but a lot of the sex industry stuff was moved out of Times Square and moved into the Meatpacking District and the area right around it, which is 14th Street and that part of Village got gentrified even a little bit more. And more people started to live in Manhattan who had children, used to be they weren't that many children who lived in Manhattan. And so there are people who probably didn't like seeing that, you know, transgender sex workers. You know, providing their services in a place where their children might be able to see it and you know, I understand that. And I have empathy towards the sex workers because no one does that because that's what they want to do. They're doing that because that's all. It's the only way to make money. And but the law is the law, you know. So that's really how I would respond to it. And I would torture young people who I was hiring. And I would ask them that question if a constituent calls to ask what can be done about sex workers, you know, near where I live and my children see it and, you know, they would always start off at the place that I would have started. Well, you know, job training programs, and [inaudible] is available to transgender -- I mean, maybe slightly better now. But, you know. And yes, I agree. However, the law is the law, you know. And so that was tough that that kind of issue. Noise complaints at the time, discothèques, discos were very big and they were both gay and non-gay and they tended to be concentrated in my district and some of them, many of them, you know, absolutely no problems and nobody complained about them. But sometimes when a place would become less in and say sort of a way that these places where first it would be gay, then it would be slowly but surely more heterosexual, white, heterosexual, and then it would mostly become people of color, be it was, say, urban youth. And but the responsibility for how a disco was many, many owners of these places licensed it out to promoters. And so it was very much the responsibility of the promoters on how the clientele was that they brought in. And sometimes they just didn't care, you know? And that was when problems, of course, but there was a just a huge movement to get rid of discos. But of course there were a lot of people in my district who went to discos too. So that was very difficult and I had to sort of try to craft legislation that would have enough for everyone to hate and enough for everyone to like. And it was -- one time when Debra Glick, my friend, who had been elected to the assembly, so she was the first openly gay person elected to the state legislature, had an article because -- or an op-ed I think or something. There was a news story on SONDA, I think the nondiscrimination law had passed. And in the times and the same day, there was an op-ed for me, it was a Saturday. And, you know, you don't write the headlines, but the headline was Save Our Discos exclamation point. Oh, did I get letters like he or she's doing this really substantive stuff and you're trying to save the discos? You know, it was like, couldn't you have run my op-ed on a different page? And I did go after bad disco operators. So, but the weird thing is now, and you had to have a cabaret license and if you had just a normal bar and you didn't have a cabaret license that would permit dancing, you could be fined, etc., you know, and too many fines and you could be knocked out of business. Now you can dance anywhere. Like they eliminated the entire cabaret part of the licensing laws. You can -- because big discos are no longer like a thing, you know? And that what people really objected to was the loud noise that young people made when they were leaving. And it would be late because, boy, stay open until 4:00 in New York. So they were you know, that was disturbing to people and I understand that. And more and more decided to have children in these lofts because they were large. They were mostly in Flatiron or the far west side of Manhattan, where there's a lot of brownstones and families who didn't. So, you know, their children would be awakened. Anyway. So, I did have some of course, I feel badly for them also, and their property values are tanking. And I'd be like, Oh, if only I had some money, I'd buy it from you. You know, prices are terrible. No one's real estate ever went below what they bought it for, but it just stopped going up. But I did think sometimes, like, did you look out your window when you moved in? Like, did you not see this was like an industrial block before you moved in and you know, now and that is a big problem in New York. Again, I had a lot of especially, I then, but in my district I had a lot of loft dwellers who had moved into manufacturing or commercial spaces and had fixed them up and they had to fight landlords to be allowed to stay. So, there was a whole battle over saving tenants who were lofts. And I got even more when I was elected to the Senate because I got all of SoHo and TriBeCa where there were, you know, even more of these lofts. But for many people, they moved in when it was cheap, you know, but then the different things happened. You said people would maybe when a new tenant came in and the people who had been living there would sell everything that they had done to fix up the loft to the incoming tenants, they might be more well-heeled than the original artist or whoever who had moved in, so they had paid more in a way for their space. And also as these buildings became legalized, because there were certain things that a landlord would have to do. So, this is an issue that I have to work on, and I'm glad to do it, though it was complicated. Landlords had to bring the building up to residential code, which is different than, you know, commercial or manufacturing. And at that point, then the tenants up until that point, tenants would have to would not be given a rent increase and they would only get rent increases that went along with all other apartments that were rent regulated at the the rent increases would only ever be the same percentage as regular apartment units. And the landlord was required to keep the building habitable. Anyway, so that that -- I can come to Lehigh and give a whole lecture on loft dwelling and what happened with lofts in New York City. Because, you know, in New York City, just many of these places are just not used for manufacturing anymore. In fact, right here where my office is, this building I think was always an office building. And Chelsea was like this along Sixth Avenue. And now we're on Eighth Avenue where the nicer real estate would be on the corners, and the mid-block was where the factories were. And that's a throwback from the 18th century because, you know, fancy people or, you know, would be on the avenues and the stores would be nicer and the avenues and the offices would be nicer. And the avenues of mid-block is where manufacturing everywhere in the garment center. And they actually made a lot of garments here. There's not quite so much of it anymore and a lot of these buildings have been converted to office buildings and some were converted to residential buildings. So but it is important that every place is habitable for people, whether they live someplace and they work someplace. I mean, I represented -- you know, factories have to maintain certain standards. It was in New York City where there was the terrible fire where the ladies garment workers were locked into there. They couldn't get out. And that's what led to some of the the making sure that there was, you know, egress for everyone and that they were habitable, that there was water so people could wash up and use the bathroom. And, you know, many different rules and regulations came into place after that. So, you know, there is -- I represent an area where there is that history also, and I represent even more of that area when I was a state senator. I picked up even more territory. So, you know, that terrible, horrible tragedy did lead to better working conditions. But the truth is, I can look out the window here and there's still some sweatshops here and I can tell where they are by the windows. And we could go into greater depth on how, you know, I can tell that. But it's also similar to places that are, you know, they're... They seem to be massage parlors, but they don't say they're massage parlors. They say they'll, you know, rub down or they used other words. They don't say massage because you need a license to be a massage therapist. And they really just to cover for people where people are doing sex work and many of them have been trafficked or... There's a whole host of reasons why women, not only women, but mostly women get trapped into that and, when I was in the Senate, I was able to pass a bill that did something positive for the people who had been trapped into really indentured servitude. And to have to do whatever it is they were told to do, and we'll talk about that at another point. But, you know, people also didn't like to have prostitution in their buildings. And I did just say prostitution. I sense that people [inaudible] one of the floors of this building is used for prostitution. So, there'll be sex workers there and people appropriately didn't like that there were strangers coming in and out of the building. So, you know, I don't even want to say legal -- In a way, I feel like there should be no laws about sex work except when someone is harming someone. It's the same way I feel about choice. Like there should be no laws. The laws should be silent, but there should be laws to protect people who are being hurt. And there already are, but there should be more. And that's the way we should do things that are very important to me, that people have autonomy over their own bodies. And if they're being forced to use their bodies in a way that they don't want to or they're not being protected. You know, sometimes I've worked with the people organizing, people worked in the house, wants to make sure that they had appropriate safety gear, masks. And anyway, I feel very strongly about that. But we should be silent on the way anyone is using their bodies aggressively go after we mostly go after women almost completely to try to control what they can do with their bodies. And I think the law should just be silent on that. I don't think that was a particularly popular view in my district that I probably never led with that because the law was the law and you weren't supposed to be, you know, having sex work going on in a building. I had constituents who -- RASP, residents against street prostitution. And I was just saying like, So you don't care if it's indoors, you just don't want it on the street? Yes, that's what they didn't care. They just didn't want the sex work happening on the street. They wanted it behind closed doors. So they're very, you know, a lot of gradations of like, so many levels of like where people are on on sex work. And of course, nobody ever wants to talk about sex. It's a whole big issue, like how you really shut things down or off as soon as I start to say something about sex. Like just stop, we're not talking about sex anymore. Not that I did that often, but I did it more of this in the state Senate than on City Council. But, of course, I was fighting for a lot of other, you know, you know, on behalf of tenants. And I got you know, I passed a bill and again, this has been improved upon after I left, but it made it illegal for a landlord to discriminate against someone based on how they paid their rent. So people are probably familiar with the Section Eight program. So it would be illegal to discriminate against someone because they paid their rent with a Section Eight voucher. But also, we have a program for seniors that, depending on what their income is, the rent in their apartment is not allowed. When the rent is increased, the city will make up the difference of the seniors' income, which it offers is very static. And then people from the Division of Aid Services, which we'll talk about also, they're paid the city pays their rent. So this bill needed that. Now, no one can discriminate. The law that I was able to get passed said, if you got any kind of city tax abatements or any kind of favorable, the recipient of, you know, something from a city program that, you know, made your cost less, they were the ones who couldn't discriminate. So the city gave them something or the state gave them something that brought down their cost. Well, they are not allowed to discriminate now. No one's allowed discriminate based on who how people pay their rent. But at the time that was it was sort of the first step towards prohibiting discrimination against people who were poor. So I like that bill a lot, actually, and I'm glad that it got built upon. You know, another bill to make it so that buildings would have the lighting outside to make the streets safer. And but, you know, the two -- maybe the two things that I'll be most remembered for. Maybe the two biggest things. One was, I'm putting -- there was an agency that was started by Mayor Ed Koch and continued through Mayor Dinkins. And it put within our city human resources department where people get their entitlements or their benefits, government benefits, something called the Division of AIDS Services, DAS. It's now called HASA, [HIV/AIDS Services Administration]. At the time, it was DHS, and when Mayor Giuliani was running for office, he said that he'd heard from people that it didn't work that well. That's true. You know, like many government agencies, it was a little slow to action. And, you know, maybe people with AIDS were in more dire need of services. I'm not sure that's 100% true. I think it might also have been kind of empowered gay white men who had never had to be involved with entitlements or benefits that way. But for whatever reason, it was not running smoothly. So when Mayor Giuliani got elected, he wanted to totally eliminate the division of AIDS services. So huge battle demonstrations, arrests, ACT UP. And I was on the council to save DAS. And even though they said, Oh, we [inaudible] it didn't really work that well. But the thing that Mayor Giuliani, first of all, he beat an African American person. And I believe there was... There was definitely racism involved in that, similar to the backlash, I think from President Obama where people are like, oh my God, you know, we have a black mayor, or we have, you know, a black president and that like whips them up into a frenzy, anyway. But Mayor Giuliani backed off eliminating the Division of AIDS Services, not because he cared about people with AIDS, but sort of people who consider themselves moderate to liberal. You know, Democrats, some of them had voted for Mayor Giuliani and he didn't want to lose their votes because they know, That's terrible. He's cutting a program for these people who are suffering and poor. So he backed off and then he started to have meetings on how to restructure the Division of AIDS Services, which was just another way to get rid of it. And we had to fight against that. And on the city council every year, I actually get everybody in the council to -- there was a committee that had dealt with the General Welfare Committee to push back against making cuts to the agency. And really, I was able to only because of my press visit, you know, when I said earlier where, you know, because it was the case, but it's also having a seat at the table. I'm sorry. I should have said that. That's maybe the most important thing that changes everything to have a seat at the table. And so my being there was very helpful. And I had had a. When I first got elected to the council, the chair of the health committee had been there for a very long time and was kind of an old fashioned gentlemen, I'll say. He was quoted in the papers as saying that gay rights caused AIDS. And it was it was maybe April when it started that January. And I remember because I remember I was going to the Museum of Natural History and it was that that lovely pastel green and pink that everything is before, you know, it pops out. So I was at the Museum of Natural History is very close to Central Park anyway, so I was enjoying how beautiful Central Park was before going to the museum to meet with government people. And I think we had beepers in those days, but my office had called ahead to the museum and you know, to telling the story. So by the time I left, I had to have like a, you know, something prepared to respond to this and the speaker of the city council, someone named Peter Vallone who's old fashion man, but he did allow the gay rights bill to be voted on before I was there. But he always wanted all the council members to get along. He you know, he was the kind of person very nice, never swear or anything. He would often be home, you know, he'd have dinner with his family every night. Just an old fashioned guy. And I'm sure the people around him, I'm sure they said this is a problem. So he got the council and everything was, you know, Williams. So he got Councilmember Williams to back off that. And Councilmember Williams was to have a press conference where he would say that he was whatever, sorry. He said that he didn't -- he misspoke, that gay rights didn't cause AIDS or whatever. So the press conference happens and I'm watching, and he backs right back into gay rights caused aids. And he didn't really disagree with that. So then I was left with, you know. And, you know, Peter Vallone he just wanted it to get [inaudible] was, you know, and-- Well, I couldn't let that sit. Yeah, of course. I mean, I just couldn't. And I remember going to ACT UP and they were very angry with me. I mean, of course, they spoke out against it publicly, but they wanted him thrown out of office. And, uh, anyway, what happened in that case was, this is before the days when there are cameras in the legislative body, so there wasn't a camera. Or if there was, it wasn't -- the local public television station would have a camera crew there, maybe covering the council meetings. But I'm not sure that the tapes even exist like it would today be on YouTube, but nobody ever moved away from their seats to make a speech in the council. Even voting you voted from your seat. Even the speaker didn't move away from his seat except for to stand at a podium right next to his seat with the council. President ran the show. He was the parliamentarian or she was the parliamentarian. It happened to be a he. It was someone actually who I knew and who had been supportive of me when I ran for city council. And I reached out to his office and I said, look at the beginning of the meeting, I want you to recognize me because I'm going to come to the front of the council chamber and make a speech. And he did that and there were no microphones or anything. And there are ways to see speeches made by time to read when he's angry. But this was one of those speeches about what a terrible thing it was to go after a community that and this is, you know, 1992, like people were still dying. There was no cure, very few treatments. And it really, you know, you know, I think I said it, you know, how dare you kick people when they're already down? Anyway. I was angry and I made a very angry, impassioned speech about it. And, you know, actually the same something which happened to everyone like. Applauded. You know. And he never said that again. Yeah. Somehow the I guess the speaker of the council, they just found out I was going to do something because ACT UP was always doing something and I was a member of ACT UP. So they had the council staff, many staff. It was going to fill up all the seats in the balcony so that there weren't enough seats for the public. But some ACT UP people still got in there and when I finished my speech and then they started throwing condoms. This was not my -- like I said, this is not part of my plan. And I remember there was one of the counselors, the Reverend Wendell Foster came up to me and he said, you know, like you make a great sermon and, you know, everybody likes it. They're moved by the issue. Just leave it like that. I was like, I agree, you know, and I'm going to be very happy. I won't be shy to tell you, other occasions like that don't make Tom mad moments in legislative bodies. [break in audio] MF: We are back. We just had some technical difficulties with our video camera and Senator Duane had just finished telling us about Councilperson William's homophobic comments about HIV, to which he responded powerfully. And we're in the middle of a conversation about what he's most known for as a councilperson in New York City. So I'll turn it back over to you. TD: Well, the battle continued to stop the you know, reconfiguring, reforming the Division of AIDS Services, you know, and one of the things that happened was by-- Well, every year in the budget, everybody in the council would fight to stop the mayor's cuts to the Division of AIDS Services. So that was very important and they were very sensitive to that. And that was very you know, that's no substitute for a seat at the table kind of thing. So not just because of being gay, but the HIV was very powerful for making that be a reality that everyone then cared a little bit. I mean, many of them did care about the Division of AIDS Services, but they cared maybe just a little bit more now that they understood the stakes are so high that, you know, there was a possibility of under, you know. You know reforming it they would possibility of its being eliminated and I think it was 1997. I was able to -- I had written a law at some point that put the Division of AIDS Services, which was a sub agency of our human resources agency. To put this Division of AIDS Services in law two enshrined in law and two have very specific elements to it, timeframes for when someone could get services. At the time, Mayor Giuliani was making people who got public benefits or entitlements. They had to go to this place for a health check up, in this place for see if they were employable. So they had to go to all these different places before they could get help, you know, even food stamps, but any kind of public benefit. And so people with AIDS had to do all of those things, too. So this made it so they didn't have to go to all these places. Now I'm trying to remember the thing that he's made, he was something reviewed for that employment review, something which he, of course, contracted out to private people who were not sensitive to people who were having difficulty surviving at all. You know, this is true. It's a whole history that people who were women who needed public benefits. They were required to work for it. Which. Just despicable and something that actually was able to make a little bit better when I was in the Senate. But they had to fulfill a work requirement. And basically, as you say, it made it really hard for them to go to school and to, you know, to get ahead. It was just grotesquely unfair and it's punitive anyway. You know, an advisory committee. And, you know, if you are entitled to Medicare or Medicaid, which everybody was because they were generally poor. All of that happened in one place. You know, find a place to live, find a place to get health care. And it had to all be done within a certain time period. And the places that they were set to live had to be in good shape. And then also clients were given a stipend of $200 extra a month, of which the thought was $100 of it was for food because HIV/AIDS was called wasting disease. It was very hard for people to keep any weight on because they had gastrointestinal issues that came along with it and other things. So an extra dose for food. And then the other $100 was to buy tokens. I think this was pre-Metro cards. So tokens to take the subway to doctor's appointments or, you know, whatever. But it was just a little extra money to live on because their needs were, you know, great. And so anyway, Mayor Giuliani, at some point, I guess he finally gave up trying to, you know, get rid of the Division of AIDS Services. But I wanted to make sure no one could ever try to do it again. And I did get that bill passed, and it was passed by the council unanimously. And it's actually a model like every agency, like a child services. Everyone should have, you know, these benchmarks that they have to meet and, you know, the level of care that they had to me. The other thing was the ratio of clients to caseworker. We also put into the bill and so it was a, you know, collaboration between, you know, the, the activist community, my colleagues in government, but also the unions, because the people who provided these services in agencies were union workers at various levels, the caseworkers were one union, the support staff was another local in the same union. So anyway, everyone had to sign off on it. And we did do that and it passed unanimously, which meant that even if Mayor Giuliani had vetoed it, we would have just overridden his veto. So he didn't even bother. So that was a very important victory. And the agency's still there today. I mean, it's been changed in certain ways, and I don't follow it, you know, precisely. Maybe I just, you know, I'm a control freak, so I have to let things go, you know, even with the way things are, but not that anything was wrong with it or anything. But there could be and I would be upset. But anyway, another thing that I was able to do and Christine Quinn and people from ACT UP were very helpful with this. There was a time in the nineties, probably '92, '93, when there was a tremendous number of people from Haiti who were trying to get to the United States. And, you know, the rule for Cubans is if they touch, you know, land, they're allowed to stay here. But no, that didn't go for Haitians. So, Haitians who came and however they were detained, you know, had to go through a process to be allowed to stay here or in which I don't know what percentage were allowed to. It was a lot of people I know, but the people with HIV were sent to Guantanamo Bay. And of course, women have families, too. So there were all these Haitian people in Guantanamo Bay, because they had HIV. And so we went to Mayor Dinkins, first as a political person, I believe, and then we went to the person who headed up Human Resources Agency to ask if they would say to the federal government, We'll take them in New York and let them come to New York, get them out of Guantanamo Bay. We'll get them here. We'll put them up with benefits. And, you know, you know, people were -- many people like me were able to work at everything. And just because HIV did mean that you were, you know, going to be a burden on, you know, society. But anyway, we did it and they came to New York. So, you know, it was quiet because it wasn't something -- just better to get it done. We didn't have to write -- I don't know. I don't know whether, you know, there was any press around it or anything. But it wasn't-- it certainly wasn't a huge story. We just wanted to get them out of there to bring them to New York. So it was really just a very good thing, you know, for people all around. My chief of staff, Chris, other people in the office and people in ACT UP and, you know, the mayor's people and just, you know, the unions, everyone just came together and made it happen. And so, that was something I'm proud of. Am I turning red yet? The other thing that I'm probably very known for was a battle to provide domestic partner benefits, which would only go to city employees. You couldn't mandate that private employers would provide domestic partnership benefits. But previously there had been a bill where there was just a registry, and that entitles you to visit whoever it was in the hospital and I don't even think you got benefits, but it was just a place to sort of recognize your relationship in some way. But I introduced a bill that said whatever married people received in terms of public benefits or whatever responsibilities they had as a result of being married, domestic partners would be treated equally. Now, it just -- it was sweeping. It just said if it says marriage, it's domestic partnership also. So I had that bill and I actually got everyone, including the speaker, Peter Vallone, to sign off on it. And Mayor Giuliani got wind of it, and he substituted a bill where he had his staff go through the entire -- all of New York City laws and all of the administrative regulations. And so what he did was anywhere it said married, he put in domestic partner. And the problem with that is any time anything new happened, you would have to make sure that they remember to put domestic partner in, whereas mine was just it was presumed. But anyway, he put his bill in and that's the one that we passed. So I'm not quite sure what the politics of that was. My bill is better so but anyway, it was sweeping domestic partnership for city, and they said all the benefits that married people got now were provided to domestic partners. And the thing that people -- and I had to explain to my colleagues, in some cases to the public, you know, for instance, health benefits. Health benefits aren't like a reward you get for being married. Health benefits are something that's part of your compensation. It's so people who had domestic partners and didn't have spouses were being discriminated against because they weren't getting the same benefits and they weren't able to bring their loved one, or family onto their benefits and pay for it the exact same way that married couples do. So it wasn't without its complications because, of course, you know, any compensation it's complicated [inaudible] IRS or state and city tax people. But, you know, there are certain tax advantages to being married and what compensation and how much money you're making. You know, it's factoring, you know how much money you make, and with tax free, with domestic partners, it was more complicated than that. And so, as I recall, I think we made it. Maybe it was, I hope what happened was that, whatever that penalty was that people would have to pay because they had someone on their health care plan would be absorbed by the city. I'm pretty sure we did put that in as well with whatever maybe even Mayor Giuliani put it in. I can't remember it. I'm sorry that I have to go back and research, but it was a good bill because there were people that tried -- they just wanted to expand a little bit, the registry thing. And I was like, No, no. Like everything, everything that we'd already gotten a little bit. We'd already got the registry so you could visit someone dying in the hospital, which is great, but it's not. It's not everything by anything, you know. So, it was very helpful. And even though Brushy for rent regulated tenants was in existence, it was helpful for people who lived together in any kind of housing, you know, co-ops and condos or, you know, anything. So I was very happy about that. And again, it didn't mandate the gender of the person. Heterosexuals could be domestic partners. In fact, many, many, many heterosexuals signed up to be domestic partners. So it was a non-discriminatory domestic versus bill. And so there was that one and the Division of AIDS Services those would the kind of two big sweeping things I guess that I would be maybe known best for. But, you know, I also was a big champion of communities being able to create their own land use and zoning plans. So there was in the new city charter which made 51 city councilman was there something in there that said that a community board could bring forward their own land use and zoning plan. They had to go through, you know, reviews and hearings and everything for the plan. And then the City Planning Commission would have to decide whether or not to accept it. Because in the past, all zoning, land use and zoning changes sweeping or tiny were only done by the City Planning Commission. So this wasn't at the grassroots get involved in it also and I had helped author this thing called the Chelsea Plan and that was-- it was the first one written. It wasn't the first one passed, but it was the first one written. But I was very pleased when that passed the city council and I had to make some compromises on it which, you know. It's not that I won't answer them, but it's not entirely relevant to this. But there was a give and take on it. Let's just say that. if something was going to be [inaudible] and there had to be areas that had to be [inaudible]. So that was the battle. But I also -- there weren't any programs to create housing, affordable housing for very low income people. And so there was something in this that if there should ever be such a program that that kind of housing would be built on city owned land, which, regrettably, after I left office, the community. One of the things it did was, all of the these buildings in Flatiron that were used as garages or that were lots used for parking. The owners of those buildings could build residential housing on those sites. So there were lots of empty lots in the in Flatiron between let's say Sixth and Seventh Avenues in the in the high teens and the twenties. So, it was high income housing that was built there unless you know someone took the public benefit. But most of them didn't take a tax break from the city or anything. So now there are all these sort of more well-heeled people in the first sight that came up was in that area where they could build, where the city -- was the promise was that they would build low income housing and people in the neighborhood did something incredibly dishonest of these new people who moved into those nice places that were only living there because the zoning had been changed and the residential buildings went up there. And they had, you know, thousands of people sign a petition that says, you know, do you want a park? Like there was no description of what the park -- you know, what it was. So, of course, who doesn't want a park? But it was on the site where this housing should be built in. It was terrible. Just terrible because, yeah, we always need more open space, more green space, but they said, Oh, it's such a long walk to parks. Well, this is on, uh, 20th Street. And just three blocks south is the beginning of Union Square, and three blocks north is Madison Square Park. And then there's two huge parks on the west side now, like, you know, could we build some new housing here? And by the way, Chelsea was the kind of neighbor that would want that in Hell's Kitchen also. So it was I don't know, I guess there were, you know, concessions made where they were going to build housing for low income people elsewhere. But it was like they just don't want been living here, you know, and I'm not going to torch the park or anything, but I try not to go down that block because it just makes me mad because it was -- I made a good deal, you know, it was a it was a very good pact. And the Chelsea Planning Committee had been, it was a combination of, like, small business owners and people who cared deeply about preservation because we expanded the Chelsea historic district and housing activists and just, you know, average citizens in Chelsea that all wanted to sort of preserve the character of the neighborhood. And everybody got everything they wanted except for the people who were fighting for low income housing, really, more or less my team, are the ones that got blocked out. And when I talked earlier about Jane Wood's Way, Jane Wood was like, I'm sorry, Jane, because you stuck with the coalition and we got the plan through and we didn't get this affordable housing. And that was really, really it was really important. Anyway. The people, they were so weird. They're like, well, there are all these other sites where you get of affordable housing. And yes, there were a couple of city-owned sites that the city was going to eventually renovate that were kind of eyesores, that some of them had people living in them and they weren't in great condition, but they were going to -- in fact, they are now -- make them, you know, make the buildings better or. And the families that leave will, you know, be able to go back in. But they also had this is building at the corner of Seventh Avenue and 14th Street called the Vermeer, and they had that as like an affordable housing site. And there are lots of other places. This was just like a huge example because this gigantic building and I was like, I don't -- that is not affordable housing. It was an eviction co-op. We used to have non-eviction co-ops where you couldn't get rid of the tenants if they didn't want to buy when the building was converted to a co-op. This was not one of those buildings you either bought or you were thrown out. So this was not affordable housing. You couldn't -- these places were going for hundreds of thousands of dollars, these apartments. This is just one example, but there are other buildings like that and I'm like, This map is a lie. Also, not only is it do you want a park a lot, you know, so too is this map. And then when they came to me, I bet you think we're just hideous gentrifiers. And you know what the truth is? I did lie. I said, Now, why should I think that, I'm open? I wasn't. I wasn't. So, yes. But I didn't want to not meet with them. And I didn't. But I didn't have an open mind. I was angry with them, you know. But I still met with them and I tried. And I didn't try that hard. And I had a staff member who that was his area that he -- his responsibility was to... That part of the district was one that he served on behalf of my office. And, you know, he felt the way I did. He didn't bother hiding, he didn't bother to try, you know, make believe that these people were, you know. That there was something terribly wrong with these people, from my point of view, I certainly felt there was something terribly wrong with me, but I was like, You would not be living here but for this planet. This is like the only concession we got for this, because other places we had to accept bigger buildings, you know, but in order to get, you know, maintain more low-rise areas in Chelsea and also to expand the historic district. So, you know, the trade off in those days was that you had to give some other places where you could build larger buildings, of which one is, say, 23rd Street, where you can build taller buildings, anyway. I don't know. So, but I did love getting the Chelsea plan passed, and I did it by bringing all of the members of not all that it, but several members of the Lanier Studio City Council gave them a tour of Chelsea, where it's so important to us, you know, to be able to see the sky and have light and air, etc. And also a few members of the New York City Planning Commission, including the city planning commissioner, who was familiar with the area. But he's the person with whom I actually had to negotiate so that it would be acceptable to the City Planning Commission and then get passed by them and then go on to the city council and get passed. So and then other communities have done that since then. So it's kind of a missionary feel, missionary to help people to come out and missionary people to, you know, to create their own land use and zoning plans. Oh. I'm trying to think if there's -- I mean, I could list, you know, a whole number of things that I did that were, you know, really very good things, just not very high profile. But let me say I also did something. There were a few things that I started. We used to cut out -- this is me with scissors -- cut out newspaper articles if I was in it, and we kept them in scrapbooks, and we also kept every letter that we wrote about anything, because a lot of them could be, you know, reused in a way. You know, if we were writing, I'm ready to express my extreme dismay with something or I'm writing to, you know, support in the strongest possible manner. But so there was a certain, you know, style that you could copy. So, on many different topics, so the people in the office didn't always have to be reinventing the wheel when they wrote letters on my behalf. And I also invented sign on letters where I would write a letter about some issue and I would get all of the other elected officials that represented whatever area or building or whatever institution that was to sign on to it. So, they would be more powerful that all of our names are on it. And that was kind of in its time doing maybe, but I didn't invent it, but I certainly used it an awful lot. And sometimes funny things happen, sometimes a staff member in another office would like try to rewrite it and someone else would rewrite it. And then it would be incomprehensible after everybody made their edits and I would just rewrite it. They couldn't -- that was it. Like you sign it that the way is now, or not it all. So anyway. And the other thing I did was elected officials go to these community boards, which I've talked about. Over 50 members from neighborhoods that make advisory just, you know, resolutions to be sent to elected officials and to the city government, sometimes even to state. And I would -- and what would happen is a good staff member who you would send to that community board, would they say, and the council member did this, the council member did that. But I always said Councilmember capital 'C', [inaudible] capital 'M', I didn't say councilman, councilwoman, council member because I -- to the best of my ability, I tried to make things gender neutral. Sometimes it's impossible, you know, like, if you're a fellow at a university like, what's the, you know. But, you know, firefighter, police officer, Medicare, you know, there's many -- most things you can make gender neutral. Anyway, instead of having the staffers to say that the councilmember was this. One of the things that we did since the last time here, since last month when you had your last meeting, I would have everyone write a report on like what they had done in the area that they covered for me or the issues that they specialized in. And it served two purposes. Well, of course, everyone in the office then could see what everyone else was doing in a formal way, and also, if they needed to use something like that in the area, they had it. But also we would hand it out to everybody in the community board. There was eventually, you know, people who were like, I don't want to do paper. I would have it on my website, so they didn't have to. But you know, people still like paper those days and they were planting two trees for everyone they cut down, I'm sure. I hope so. I promise. So all the wonderful and amazing things I have done in there would be in this report. And then, you know, the staff member, you know, I'd ask them maybe to just go into more detail on one or two things, so they didn't have to, you know, just be saying. And I would do the same thing because I would take -- and then there'd be questions and answers, but it saves a lot of time and people could read it at their leisure, and people loved it. And then all the other officials that are doing it and I'm not sure that the staff members of these other elected officials are so fond of this this sitting but that was the other thing you know. I just, I always felt it was so important to be really very respectful and really, you know, try to be nonhierarchical to the best of my ability with staff members of an agency, with the city or government or who works for another elected official. And I do know that there was something special that accrued to me because I had a title and, you know, which people used in different ways. But I used it mostly, I think as a megaphone that people sort of had to listen to what I had to say. So there was that. But, you know, it's a problem with sexual harassment. Like people, it could be that I don't know the power I have over someone, you know, and they don't know if they could say no or that, you know, I'm being inappropriate. So, but I mean, I tried never to do that either. And I don't know whether I always said this even when I was in the council, but I felt very strongly that. And now even when I teach, I see, you know, if I say something that's insensitive or that you seem, you know, that you don't like what I said, I want you to please tell me because I want to be able to either apologize or say I could have said a better way or say, you know, this is how I made it. But, you know, I want to be able to address it and not just leave it there. And I, I feel strongly -- I want people to be able to do that. And one of the reasons I love being on the city council is we had lots and lots of public hearings on the city council. And I loved learning new things. And, you know, I know a lot about a few things and a little about a lot of things but I know not very much at all about a lot of things. And I would learn things in a [inaudible] they worked in the constituent issues where if they were focused on an issue, I would say go for it because I could be the mouthpiece for it. But it made me smarter too. I learned something new and it was to become very important later on in my senate district, a power plant was being repaired. Like I really didn't know that much about how power plants were being retooled, which, you know, probably are again now. But I learned, you know, I could tell you all of that particulate matter and the percentages and it like beyond all of that. And I will tell you, -- it's when I was in the Senate. But I will tell you anyway. So the law puts aside money for a community to argue with the utility to make a fair playing field, which of course it's not. But still, there's money to fight back against a power company, a utility company. And there was a ConEd plant, and I don't hate ConEd as much as everyone else in the -- the city's old. All the infrastructures old, things happened. But, you know, it's not -- it's their fault, but it's not like, you know, deliberately making things fall apart, buy anyway. But I appreciated people's anger at it. But I also appreciated the other side that, you know, we don't know what's happening with every pipe and everything in the city anyway. We couldn't get one of the like the environmental organizations to help us because many of them were attorneys who worked for law firms, which in this case, ConEd hired all of those law firms to be to work for them. So there was a conflict and they couldn't do it. And I remember before I started yelling at someone, I said, this is like so bogus, like you're on the board of the, you know, the Natural Resources Defense Fund, and you can't help us. I mean, come on. Like, don't you see what's happening here? And we did finally find, you know, a not-for-profit legal group that did help us. But, you know, we were, like, hanging out there because they couldn't these other groups couldn't take positions on things because they were compromised. Very smart of ConEd, you know, when many times an issue or the thing no matter what, they'll hire like all of the good lobbying organizations and in a way co-op the -- not co-op but, you know, it's there's usually a power imbalance in these kinds of situations. And even well-intentioned people who wanted to do good things for the environment, they have now put themselves in a position where they can't do anything. So that was a lesson I learned. And that was when -- it could have happened when I was in the council, it just didn't. I just happen to have a power plant that really impacted my Senate district. But there are other things. You know, there was a, you know, real estate wasn't doing that well in the early nineties. And there's this city owned building. It had been a library and the city wanted to sell it. And the local community board-- and I supported this wholeheartedly because it had to go through city government, set aside for some kind of social services group. So, I mean, you could be the coalition for the homeless. It really could have been -- it turned out to be God's Love We Deliver, which is fine. And so they've been there ever since. They don't just -- God's Love We Deliver is a food delivery program for people with AIDS, that was much needed. And, you know, in the days of HIV and AIDS where there is -- when it was wasting disease. And now they provide meals for other people as well that have, you know, difficult health issues, cancer or something. So anyway, they're a good group and they took it. And I really, you know, like that. That community board that I represented the area where they were the community board did this and said something. So I mean, not every neighborhood would do that because, you know, who knows who would want to move in there. But it turned out to be some of the people that wouldn't reject you, but even if it was, it would have been okay with this community board. So there were those kinds of things. You know, sometimes it would be, you know, a facility for a -- not a facility that's a terrible word. There was-- oh well, on the same block. I was very supportive of a place called Safe Space, which is on 46th Street. At the time, Port Authority was still a place where young people lived ; runaways, throwaways. And John Wright, who is part of this organization, came forward with a proposal where a church that wasn't using one of their buildings was willing to give it to this organization Safe Space so that kids could drop in there during the day. It was not zoned so they could stay overnight, but they could go there during the day and shower and get a meal. And there were, you know, social services, if, you know, to try to help these kids because they did whatever they could to survive and find some place to spend the night, you know, and they used to call the Port Authority the port. It's not really the same there. Kids aren't there in the same numbers that they were then. But I was very happy to support their putting Safe Space in. And then there was another building I supported where, you know, it was sort of like a "no must, no fuss" place for people with AIDS where, you know, they would bring meals in to people. It was not like the most luxurious place, but it was certainly way better than a SRO, which is single room occupancy which oftentimes, was just dreadful. I mean, sometimes they were okay, but mostly they weren't. So this was a nice place and I supported that being put there. So I like being able to help bring social services into neighborhoods and to work with them. Whether they were willing to accept it off the bat or were they a little bit reticent or, you know, and I was generally very supportive of them. And a couple of times they were for whatever reason, there was a reason that I couldn't support it and I wanted something different. But mostly I was helpful in helping organizations get their projects through if they were helping people with problems, basically. MF: Well, I apologize, but we're going to have to stop because our video camera has -- we've taken up all of storage space. TD: This is what happens with my relationships, too. They get tired of me. [laughs] MF: But we're not tired of the you we just ran out of the ability to save the interview. TD: Well. MF: So what I'm going to I'm going to just end on the audio and then what we'll do is we'll transcribe the audio and then we'll have the video as our backup, which has a majority of what we talked about. I think we have room for another interview or two because we haven't really gotten to the Senate yet. And I'm hoping you'd be willing to do another interview. TD: Yes, when, it's my reunion? Was it May or June? I don't know what your deadline is or-- you know. MF: No we have no -- we're ongoing, so yeah. TD: Oh so definitely around that I'll try to make my way a little bit earlier and we can do it then. But also I think now I don't have to make that vlog anymore. It's all here my whole life. [laughs]. So, you know, that as told to book is totally unnecessary now. I don't need the ghostwriter anymore because I used to that book that I'm never going to write with all your -- should I name names? [laughs] Anyway, when you come here, next time I'll have a plan. If you bring your son too we'll make sure it's something that, you know, he would enjoy, too, because, you know, he's my demography. MF: He would love to come. I mean, he's been asking us all kinds -- what did you do? Where did you eat? Where do you go? You know? So he would love that. TD: And there's, you know, lots of on Broadway off-Broadway stuff. We'll do something . MF: That would be wonderful. We would love that. Okay. So I'm going to be in touch with you and Bruce to set up something. And I just want to say thank you so much. This was wonderful today. TD: Well, thank you. It's been great. Like, it's been great. I'm very glad we're doing it. And even though it's very hard to talk about myself. Like I felt a little hung over when I got home last night, you know, spending so much time to talk about my stuff, I was like, ugh. And the person I'm dating is a flight attendant, so I couldn't really discuss it with him. And so I was. Anyway, it's just weird to, you know, speak at great length about how wonderful I am. But I'll have to put in some things when I wasn't so wonderful. I'll have to definitely find some of those things. Things that I -- well, right when I stop teaching one class in a public high school when I was in office. Right towards the end instead of asking about sex and drugs, which they were always asking about, this question ; Was there ever a bill that you regretted, you know, that you voted for? And I was stunned by the question. Like nobody -- kids ask the greatest questions, like even reporters when they'd asked me about my HIV disclosure, they never asked as good questions as the kids did on World AIDS Day when they would ask me questions. For instance, when did you find out you had HIV? 1988. But, they didn't ask, how long have you had HIV? And the kids knew to ask that, you know, how long do you think you had been infected with HIV and, you know, definitely before 1985, but I think before 1982. Well, 1983 is when they started to say to use condoms, and it's all use from then on. So it was probably before 1983. Anyway. But kids knew how to ask, you know, better questions. So was ever -- like who asked that? It's a great question. And I was like, whoa. And I really, really, really had to think about it. And I finally was like, no, but I did change my mind about a couple of things, you know, and the truth is, is in those cases, I don't know which was the right position, you know. And many of them, not many, there weren't that many -- guns. I changed my position on guns and crossbows, because there was a bill that came up that said that like 15-year-olds could hunt with crossbows, they could get a license to do that. And I would vote against -- well actually I love animals, you know. And maybe the third time I did, a Republican came over and he said, [inaudible]. And I said, Why? He said, Because they're doing it anyway, and in this way, they have to take a class. And I thought to myself, they are doing it anyway. And this way they do have to take a class. So now they learn you don't injure the animal. That's the worse thing. Kill it. You know what I mean? But it was, Are we encouraging people to do it? I don't know. But they were doing it anyway. So at least now, if they hadn't taken the course, they would get in trouble for that. So anyway, so it was a couple of bills like that, you know, and sometimes gambling is a tough one, also. You know, I hate gambling. I don't have that addiction because it's not here. And actually slot machines, that sort of thing, you know, that it'll be like you're going to spend $30, you know, win or lose, you know. But if it was 21 or poker, like, I would be one of those people that would see the sun because, you know, I have that ADHD. It's because it's uneven focus. That's what it really is. It's so, you know, and sometimes even when I'm looking at stuff on the computer, like I can't, like it's 2 hours later so. [laughs] No, that's for me. You know, Saratoga is right by Albany, and they have pon -- the trotters. And, you know, the riders and all this. So anyway, all the Senate Democrats, we all went to the track and I had never been to the track before. And on the way there, there are a couple of senators who knew a lot about gambling and knew a lot about horse racing. And they showed me there's this --I haven't looked at it since it's been maybe 15 years now. I only looked at it once. But they had little things at the top that tell you like where the horse has won, or how long it's been in, who the jockey is. Like, I can't remember all the little pieces of information that they tell you. So it's time to start betting, and I bet and I win, and then I win, and then I win, and then I place and then I'm scared that the person isn't going to get to our table in time to take my bet. And then, you know, after nine races or something, well, time to go. And I didn't want to leave. And as I walked in, I was like, I must never come here again, because I, you know, I picked that, you know, of course, the first time you do anything, you know, I don't know what it's the second time, but because it was my first time, you know, the universe made it so that I would be a winner. But because it had, you know, there was focus involved. Well, this is better cold, but it has a couple of unnatural things in it. But it's delicious. Like three calories. MF: Oh, yeah, we love it. We have it at our house. TD: Oh, you do. You do. MF: Oh, yeah, Sparkling Ice is delicious. And then we will take this on the ride home now, and guzzle it with glee. TD: It's incred -- I mean, who knows? Well, one time there was a frozen yogurt. They said a pint was 90 calories. Well, as it turned out, that actually was not true about this particular -- they went out of business like. And I think they did less than the amount of fruit juice in it at some point. I didn't really notice but I've noticed people commented on it. It's still tastes lemony to me. MF: Well, I'm going to I'm going to stop the interview now. TD: Oh, me too. I'm talking about Sparkling Ice. MF: We're talking about Sparkling Ice, people in the future are going to want to know what you and I both enjoy drinking. TD: I don't mean for it to be a commercial and I am sorry if I -- that I badmouth it because I really don't know the facts, but it is delicious. MF: I'll just say thank you again. TD: Thank you. Thank you. MF: I can't wait for the next interview. TD: Yeah, I'm looking forward to it too. Thanks. Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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Thomas Duane, April 2, 2022 (Part 3)
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Thomas Duane describes his time in the New York City Council, advocating for the LGBTQ+ community, fighting for the Division of AIDS Services (DAS), and working to ensure habitable living conditions for New Yorkers.
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LGBT-31
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2022-04-02
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - )
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Mary Foltz
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Thomas Duane
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5.4 June 12, 2022 Thomas Duane, June 12, 2022 (Part 4) LGBT-36 1:46:29 LVLGBT-2022 Stories of Lehigh Valley LGBTQ+ Community Members (2022 - ) Muhlenberg College: Trexler Library Oral History Repository Support for the collection of this interview was provided by the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS). trexlerlibrarymuhlenberg Thomas Duane Mary Foltz video/mp4 DuaneThomas_202202612_video_trimmed.mp4 1.0:|29(13)|60(8)|81(5)|104(3)|125(5)|146(8)|165(12)|186(14)|209(3)|232(4)|253(16)|276(11)|303(2)|318(9)|339(6)|358(18)|377(13)|396(10)|419(7)|440(17)|457(4)|472(9)|489(8)|516(4)|537(3)|560(8)|575(12)|596(4)|615(3)|640(7)|659(5)|678(15)|705(9)|724(4)|751(2)|768(15)|795(3)|816(13)|835(12)|852(5)|863(14)|882(13)|903(3)|920(5)|937(4)|958(6)|979(9)|996(11)|1013(8)|1036(17)|1059(5)|1082(13)|1101(4)|1118(12)|1139(9)|1166(9)|1183(10)|1204(4)|1227(9)|1244(14)|1261(13)|1280(7)|1301(4)|1322(4)|1341(10)|1362(15)|1385(2)|1404(4)|1427(10)|1450(7)|1477(5)|1492(3)|1509(16)|1534(9)|1551(10)|1574(15)|1599(9)|1618(16)|1641(15)|1660(11)|1675(11)|1698(10)|1717(15)|1742(5)|1759(13)|1778(15)|1801(4)|1816(15)|1837(9)|1860(5)|1883(12)|1908(7)|1929(7)|1954(10)|1981(8)|1996(17)|2017(10)|2032(12)|2057(10)|2084(12)|2111(3)|2132(6)|2153(7)|2180(14)|2203(2)|2226(14)|2239(14) 0 https://youtu.be/3SK7Ws54klc YouTube video English 0 Interview Introductions MF: My name is Mary Foltz, and I'm here with Senator Tom Duane to talk about his life and experiences as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This year our project has funding from ACLS, and Senator Duane and I are meeting on Lehigh's Campus because he came back for the reunion. 
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 ; TD: My first one. 0 129 Transition from City Councilman to State Senator MF: I can also give you digital copies if you wanna share with family, so we'll talk more about that later. So we talked last time, I'm just gonna jump right in about all of your work with city council. And I'm curious if we could move to this sort of transition from city council and your movement into a state Senate. So I'm just gonna start with a basic question, how did that happen? Why were you interested in the Senate? Can you share a little bit of that story? 0 478 Relationship between Democrats and Republicans in Assembly TD: So then Senate majority leader just let it go through, but Senator Bruno, when he became leader, eliminated it, domestic partner benefits. So, I never want to waste an opportunity, I requested that he reinstate it. Because it wasn't just for me, I didn't even have a domestic partner, but the employees, some of whom had already signed up for it, mostly Democrats. I'm not sure about the Republicans at that time, staff members, but it was grotesquely unfair. 0 814 Hate Crimes Legislation TD: Anyway, [coughs] one of the things that had languished in the Senate for a long time was hate crimes legislation. And I believe I talked about my history of -- I had been beaten up in the parking lot of a gay bar. And severely, it was more certainly -- I bruised ribs, bruised a little bit bloody, but the scary thing was I didn't know what they had a weapon or not. And I went to the hospital reported it to police, and they caught the perpetrators. 0 1267 Fighting HIV Misconceptions TD: So before shot person, they had these bills that for -- these past before I got there for police officers, state police, firefighters that if you had to retire because you were ill with AIDS, it was presumed that you got it on the job. Also correctional officers. I think that was the bill where I first it came to the floor. 
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 ; Now these bills had even passed the assembly with Democrats where you would think they would be more enlightened and, it enraged me. And one of the bills said that if someone needed to be transported from a nursing home to a hospital or a hospital to a nursing home. The medical staff from the emergency services were entitled to have the patient tested for HIV and I really couldn't believe it. And actually, this senator was a pretty intelligent senator in this scheme, and I -- so I started debate and I was like what would be different? 0 1873 Work with Incarcerated Individuals / Creating a Rapport with the Other Side of the Aisle TD: So anyway. I've never thought of myself as a very good debater. But I could compete, I found out. And one time there was this bill that said that if someone who – oh they loved incarceration bills. My God, sex offenders, incarceration like all the time. Oh, they had to like -- what else, where else can we put a higher penalty or something, anyway. This bill said that if someone broke parole that they had to no matter what, serve out the entirety of their sentence. 
 ; 
 ; And the time, the New York prisons were overcrowded so they were letting people out earlier. People will get out early. If you got a 15 year sentence you could probably get out years before. But if you broke parole you would have to stay. So, I said to the Senate, well how many people would this impact? How many -- well of course he had no idea about that, but he should have. I would have, he had no idea. 0 2165 First Couple of Years in the Senate TD: So, that those first couple of years, a little bit of a blur I guess. And also we, the legislature was always unable to agree on a budget that the governor who then was Governor Pataki, a Republican. They could never agree on a budget. So we would be there all year long at least once a month, we would have to go up for a continuing resolution or sometimes we had to stay for a few days. And in retrospect, I think there was an awful lot of senators that had additional families there. And I think they liked staying there a while longer. 0 2310 September 11th Attack / Primary Day in New York City TD: So, in 2001 was the bombing of the Trade Center and that was in my district, and it was a Democratic primary day in New York City. And I had been out handing out cards for a candidate that I was supporting. And then a little before nine, someone sorta – someone relieved me at that location. 
 ; 
 ; So, I went back to my apartment to have a cup of coffee or whatever because she started six in the morning, when the polls open. And I was listening to the radio, and they said the plane had crashed in the trade center. And they said it was must have been just a small plane and then it was, no it’s a huge plane. And then I turned on the TV and so it was happening. And then I had a view ; I could look out my window and see it. And I really don’t quite know how to talk about it. 0 2860 Other Relationships Made during Time in Senate TD: And my district also has this museum, the Intrepid, it's an old battleship. And the executive director, who my gaydar, that meter was went off the rails with him, couldn't go high enough. He offered to me to offer to Senators to take a boat and go down and look at it from the river, so I did that. He was on my grudge list later on for other reasons, he did eventually come out, you're welcome, I'll tell you what it was. 0 3196 Sexual Orientation Nondiscrimination Act (SONDA) TD: So, after my – so our terms are two years. So, my second term, I was determined to get SONDA to pass, which was Sexual Orientation Nondiscrimination Act, I guess ; it was a gay rights bill. And, I was also determined to include gender identity and expression in it and the bill that passed the Assembly for many years, but it never passed the Senate, even without gender identity/expression. 0 3882 Work Improving Women and Children's Welfare TD: But this senator who was the county exec who did lock us all in because I asked that question, not of him, but of another senator. I asked him to come to New York with me. And I wanted to show him, -- Mayor Giuliani had this policy that if you were on public benefits, you had to work. So, there were, especially women with children who were going to school to try to -- because education is key. But maybe they're going to school at Manhattan Community College or Brooklyn Community College. But they were assigned to clean a park in the Bronx, and children go to school and doing it was impossible. It was impossible for them. And it made it so they just couldn't -- 0 4152 Other Work in the Senate TD: So that's the kinda -- those are the – he voted for hate crimes, he didn’t vote for SONDA. I was very upset about that. And then someone said to me, “Well did you ask him?” And I said [laughs] no because I thought -- it never occurred to me that he wouldn't vote for it. His daughter had a huge influence on him, and I don't think he asked her about SONDA, he asked her about hate crimes. He wasn't in office when marriage came up, but he said that she would have like [swipes hand]. 0 4663 Experiences with Addiction TD: I just hesitated because we haven't talked about this, but there's something very personal that happened with me when I went to Albany that I did. You can decide whether or not you want to use it, I'm fine with it. So I'm in recovery from drugs and alcohol for now 39 years, and I have issues of food and money and people. Not gambling except, I have no problem with slot machines or things like that. But anything involving skill, because I'm an ADHD, I would -- if It was poker or 21, I would never leave because I would have to think about it. 0 5138 Fighting against Abuses of Power TD: One of the bills that I fought very hard for was to make it possible for people who had been abused by persons in positions of authority. And this was not popular among my colleagues, and everyone thought it was, there were a lot of people who said, oh you're just anti-catholic. I'm like, no, and this isn't even just about that. It's about boy scout leaders and coaches and the person down the block, this is not particular, it's not not about them. 0 5976 Mental Health Parity (Timothy's Law) TD: So anyway, parity for mental health not to sell this. You know, when you're in the minority, you really have to can't do like a lot of bills. Because when I was in the majority, I just shoveled out bills for two years. I just, I passed more bills in the assembly health committee. So he couldn't get -- he couldn't keep up with me because –“We can’t pass because the Republicans won't do it”. Well, I was literally shoveling out these bills. 0 6208 Closing Remarks / Reflections
 ; TD: It was well, you know, well, I -- I went to a reunion. I took a picture of me holding this sign because it was three classes because of the pandemic and I left in ’75. I finished over two of my courses about class of ‘76, but it took me until ‘77 to complete those two courses. 0 MovingImage Thomas Duane recounts his time in the State Senate fighting for legislation like the Sexual Orientation Nondiscrimination Act (SONDA) and Mental Health Parity (Timothy's Law), as well as his personal relationships with HIV and addiction. MARY FOLTZ: My name is Mary Foltz, and I'm here with Senator Tom Duane to talk about his life and experiences as a part of the Lehigh Valley LGBT Community Oral History Project. This year our project has funding from ACLS, and Senator Duane and I are meeting on Lehigh's Campus because he came back for the reunion. THOMAS DUANE: My first one. MF: For which I'm so happy about, and today is June 12, 2022. So, before we begin the interview, I want to say first thank you for joining me today. And then I just want to go back through some consent questions which you already know, but I'll do them again, so do you consent to this interview today? TD: I do. MF: Do you consent to having the interview transcribed, digitized, and made publicly available online and in other formats? TD: I do. MF: Do you consent to the LGBT Community Archive using your interview for educational purposes and other formats, and that could be in articles, on websites, and in presentations? TD: Entertainment too? MF: But you are entertaining. TD: [laughs] Yes, anything, it's an open book, I can send to it all, the only secrets I don't tell are the ones I don't remember. MF: Okay, [laughs] that's probably the same for me. And then do you understand that you'll have 30 days after I give you electronically the transcript of this interview to review it, to identify any parts that you would like to delete, or you could withdraw the whole interview from the project? TD: I wouldn't do that, but I do have to be honest, I did not read the other one yet. So, there's a part of me that's like, oh just let it go, but I responsibly, I probably should read it, so I'm sorry, I haven't done that. MF: You can let it go if you want or review it and just tell me what you wanna do with it. TD: I mean, it's nice to have my own copy of it too so. MF: I can also give you digital copies if you wanna share with family, so we'll talk more about that later. So we talked last time, I'm just gonna jump right in about all of your work with city council. And I'm curious if we could move to this sort of transition from city council and your movement into a state Senate. So I'm just gonna start with a basic question, how did that happen? Why were you interested in the Senate? Can you share a little bit of that story? TD: I had been in the city council for I guess six going on seven years, and my local state senator, a woman named Catherine Abate, was going to give up her seat to run for New York State attorney general. So, there was going to be an open state Senate seat, and it's great that I get to tell my own story. There had been a term limits referendum that won twice in New York City, but I had a few years left that I could have stayed in the city council. So, I just wanna say I did not run for the Senate because term limits were you know, because I love being on the city council, but there was an open state Senate seat. And so much of New York City is controlled by the state. If we passed and this happened -- recently the council passed a plastic bag ban. And because of the rivalry between then Mayor De Blasio and former Governor Cuomo put forward a bag to supersede the city plastic bag ban with different dates, just to, you know. And some of it has always been the case is that way in many states, but some of it was because of the fiscal crisis in the 70s. And at that time, New York City needed the state to help bail them out. Now, the state needs the city to bail it out all the time, but anyway. An open seat and my council district was wholly within it. And people said, why would you ever wanna be in the minority in the Senate, you can't get anything done? And I thought to myself, if you think you can't get anything done, you're not gonna get anything done, and I was like, I'm gonna get stuff done. So, a little outrage in that, right? But I thought that was such a poor attitude, and there had never been an openly gay member of the state Senate. There had been Deborah Glick was in the assembly from 1990, then I got elected in 1990 went to the council, but she was the only out legislator. And I thought it was important to have representation, and I knew that there would be other openly queer people coming into the council very soon, and there's always more work to do. But a number of things which we've talked about had happened and advancement had been made, so I ran for the Senate, and I was unopposed. So that was easy, and I raised money just in case because the best offense is a good defense. And Catherine, the person who I was gonna succeed, she said that they were all asking what's he like? What's he like? Because they knew I had been a member of Act Up, and she said, oh you'll see when he gets there. And so I had to hire staff there. So, I went up a little bit in advance with my then chief of staff to interview people. And there was a state Senator there, who I sort of bumped into as I was, sort of taking a tour around, who didn't wanna shake my hand. Now, it could have been because of HIV. Could also be that he just wasn't a very nice person. He wasn't shaking the hands of Democrats, but it was very off putting, and I was to find out that there was tremendous ignorance about HIV, really shocking. Because I've already sort of gone through it in the city council, and now from 1992, now in 1999 with a whole new group of people, I was gonna have to go through that. And also I'm sure they had all met gay people before, but they weren't on an equal footing, so that was different. And so off I went and I didn't know no better, so I just went. In fact, the first day I was there, I went over to the majority leader, Senator Joe Bruno, and I said, "Hi, I'm Tom Duane a new state Senator succeeding Catherine Abate," And I said "Senator Bruno, I'm hoping that you will restore domestic partner benefits to the state Senate". The reason I had to say that, that I needed to say it was important to say that was that former Governor Mario Cuomo had instituted domestic partnership for all state employees. And because the legislative branch is separate, they can create their own rules. So then Senate majority leader just let it go through, but Senator Bruno, when he became leader, eliminated it, domestic partner benefits. So, I never want to waste an opportunity, I requested that he reinstate it. Because it wasn't just for me, I didn't even have a domestic partner, but the employees, some of whom had already signed up for it, mostly Democrats. I'm not sure about the Republicans at that time, staff members, but it was grotesquely unfair. I think it was very good that I went in without a lot of preconceived notions. Except that I didn't know the Republicans ran the show, but there were some things I was unprepared for. One of them was that the Republicans treated the Democratic senators really badly and under-resourced us, and I could never understand why they were so nasty and mean. And I found -- what I realized was when the Republicans had been in the assembly, they're usually more than 100 Democrats and 50 Republicans. And the Democrats were terrible to the Republicans in the assembly. So the Republican assembly members, their life's ambition was to get into the Senate. And once they got there, they were determined to do back exactly what had been done to them. So I blame the assembly Democrats and their leadership for creating that kind of poisonous atmosphere. And since we have just gone through a new redistricting year in New York State, because the Democrats controlled the assembly, and the Republicans controlled the Senate. Democrats drew their own lines for their assembly districts, Republicans drew their lines. They made them as winnable as possible for their people, both of them. And then they would come together to draw the congressional lines, and they would protect the incumbents. And then there'd be two or three districts where it would be a toss up, where's a fair fight I guess. And the Republicans did everything to stay in power. The way the constitution reads, there's a certain formula by which -- or a range within which the number, the population can be for a Senate district. So many of the Republicans would have say, 270,000 people, I had 330,000 people in my district. So, they made their district smaller, they split up cities, they counted people who were incarcerated in their districts, so that was one of the ways they maintained power. Another way was they flipped Democrats in marginal districts promising them everything. And I was always happy when they lost to tell you the truth because it was greediness that made them, you know. Of course, people want things to resources to come into their district, but I don't think people vote, they should be voting on bringing home the bacon and as it were only. So, the other thing they did was they added an extra seat one year. That must have been the next redistricting year. [laughs] They just added another seat, so they did everything. And when I was still there, six Democrats became independent Democrats, and then started to vote with the Republicans, so they did everything to stay in power. And much later on, I did get to be in the majority for a couple of years, and I treated them like senators. But there was another council member who a couple of years later joined the Senate. We'd been colleagues in the city council he's a conservative Republican, but we liked each other, we worked well together. He wasn't mean to me, I wasn't mean to -- I wasn't mean to anybody by the way, I just found that ridiculous. And another person and I was really -- a Republican that I very much admired that was just a really, really good guy. His name is Senator Ray Meyer, and he represented the Utica area, and he had been a county executive, Oneida County. So, he hadn't been in the assembly, so he didn't have that hatred. And I actually got a bill passed through him. I have to say, when I talk about some of the things that got passed while I was there or maybe some budget things or policy changes. My name was never really on the documents, my name was never the lead sponsor on anything, my name wasn't even on anything. Many things that I fought for would be stuffed into a budget bill or put into some other bill where everything but the kitchen sink was put in there. Because the Republicans did not like the Democrats to ever be able to say I was the lead sponsor on whatever bill it was that was going through. Anyway, [coughs] one of the things that had languished in the Senate for a long time was hate crimes legislation. And I believe I talked about my history of -- I had been beaten up in the parking lot of a gay bar. And severely, it was more certainly -- I bruised ribs, bruised a little bit bloody, but the scary thing was I didn't know what they had a weapon or not. And I went to the hospital reported it to police, and they caught the perpetrators. And a couple weeks later, I called the local police department, and I said, what's happening with my case? And they switched me to the DA's office, and the DA said, they pled out on a misdemeanor. And I was shocked, because I didn't get to confront them, so to speak. And it's not that I wanted them to have a felony, but I wanted to be face-to-face with them. And anyway, so the bill languished for a long time in the legislature because the legislators of color in the assembly and in the Senate, would not remove sexual orientation from the bill. And because of that, the Republicans in the Senate would not pass it. So my first year, 1999, I gave a speech on the floor about what had happened to me and in great detail, which I don't talk about. I was -- this is the Hamptons, which I -- not exactly lovely, but I was visiting someone, it was a Thursday night, we're visiting some people. And I had driven, I probably borrowed a car from my parents or something to a disco as we had then and loud disco as they always are. And there weren't a lot of people there, so the parking lot wasn't very full or anything. But anyway, at a certain point, midnight, 1 o'clock or something, I had decided to leave and I left and I was walking towards my car. And the car pulled up and two of the people got out of the car and they said saying you fag, on and on with epithets, but menacingly. And then they started to hit me, punch me, kick me. And I had some, I guess training about this, I was afraid if I fought back, well maybe they'd pull out a knife or a gun then. So I protected my head as best as I could and I started yelling, but the music was so loud, no one inside could hear. And so they continued to do until someone finally came out and then they ran back to the car and they drove away. And, I was so upset, not only because I didn't get to confront them, but it was as if it never happened, because the state didn't collect data on hate crimes. And that's all I wanted, because I don't think you can really fight. I hate to say hate, because I don't think, the opposite of love isn't necessarily hate at all. But ignorance and intolerance and I guess an entitlement to beat up people that are different than you, or be violent towards them. Boy, think about the gun violence perpetrated today. But anyway, I gave a very, very impassioned speech on the floor about what had happened to me. And it was a really good speech, if I must say so myself, because I pulled it out. Anyway, there weren't cameras in those days in the Legislature. They didn't want cameras. So it's probably a transcript of it. But I say that they were in the City Council there's any film of me making these speeches that I made that were Tom Duane speeches, I call them. But a couple of the senators wept. There was a very conservative Republican senator, an older man who stood up and said we must do something about this. He voted against the bill, when it came up by the way. But in the moment, he was moved by it. And the next year and I think because I was on it, the legislation passed. It didn't have, I was not, my name wasn't anywhere on it, but your name doesn't have to be on something to be associated with something. And really whoever fights the hardest for something, I think is the person who's you know -- the legislation, if you passed the bill in, your name was the first name on the bill, you got a -- and the governor signed it, you would get this sort of frame thing. It was like a diorama of the signature of the governor, the bill, and then a fancy pen and it's framed with glass. It's like a box, and there would be legislators who had them all over their offices. Honestly, I mean, I really didn't care about that at all. I just wanted the bills passed, which was just funny. I'm happy for people that, -- and I'm saying this sincerely that it was something that they were proud of. And so they could hang up something that was, but people couldn't understand why I didn't care about that. So anyway, my name wasn't on it, but it passed. And it was interpreted to include gender identity and expression, fortunately because I hadn't written the bill. I had my own version of a bill, but that wasn't the one that got passed. And the only way the Republicans would pass it was if it increased penalties. And I again, that was not that important to me at all. But if it helps to get it passed then good. But it made the state division of criminal justice keep statistics on hate crimes from around the state. So I was very happy that, that was the case. And that was in my first two-year term in 2000. And, The other thing that happened before I got there-- [coughs] [coughs] This is allergies not COVID. [laughs] [coughs] Snapshot in time. So before shot person, they had these bills that for -- these past before I got there for police officers, state police firefighters that if you had to retire because you were ill with AIDS, it was presumed that you got it on the job. Also correctional officers. I think that was the bill where I first it came to the floor. Now these bills had even passed the assembly with Democrats where you would think they would be more enlightened and, it enraged me. And one of the bills said that if someone needed to be transported from a nursing home to a hospital or a hospital to a nursing home. The medical staff from the emergency services were entitled to have the patient tested for HIV and I really couldn't believe it. And actually, this senator was a pretty intelligent senator in this scheme, and I -- so I started debate and I was like what would be different? Like what would be different, would you ever go to a dentist that didn't wear? This is pre-AIDS, where they didn't wear protective gear. Would you ever be in a hospital where someone was not wearing a mask and washing their hands? I mean ridiculous. AIDS, HIV doesn't spread like that. And at one point you have to stand behind your seat, and you have to talk to the president of the Senate to keep everything civil. So through you Mr. President if I could ask the sponsor -- anyway. But at one point I moved over to hold the hand of another state Senator. And then when I reached for her hand, I moved away from my seat. And they started an -- arms started to come forward because they thought I was gonna hit the Senator whose bill it was, which I would never have done. But I didn't mind that they thought that, in fact the leader of the Democrats said, "oh yeah, Duane took out a couple of people when he was in the council". But I also, and I said this, this is I think what stopped these dreadful bills from happening. I said according to the New York State Department Health AIDS Institute there are only four ways that you can get HIV. Breast feeding, blood transfusions, sharing needles with an injection drug user, or unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex. And I think I was probably the first person to say something like that on the floor of the Senate. And the bills passed anyway, but eventually they stopped bringing these bills forward. I don't think they really understood, they just didn't want me to say that anymore. [laughs] I really think that's what it was, because they knew it was coming any time these bills came to the floor in the Senate. In fact, when I left I said and I just want to say one last time [LAUGH]. I got that unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex, again, unprotected -- anyway. This is 1999, 2000. And these bills were passing. And because I kind of made fun of these bills, there are other bills that unions wanted. It was sort of like a free giveaway to their members that wasn't getting an increase in their wages or other benefits, but sort of a freebie benefit that it would be presumed that you got HIV on the job. So their unions that came forward that were like the City University of New York guards, or taxi inspectors. And I shouldn't have, -- I wasn't making light of the professions or I was just pointing out how ridiculous this was. And it was particularly ridiculous, because I had fought to get the division of AIDS services bill passed. These bills made it so that if you retired because you had AIDS, you got to kept making three quarters of your salary and got your benefits etc etc. So which I'm in favor of, of course I'm in favor of that. By the way, no police officer, firefighter, or correction officer ever had AIDS. At least they didn't claim they did. So, but it was a benefit of throw away. And so I actually almost had a primary based on my questioning why a taxi inspector or college security officer would need to, why would we presumed that they got AIDS on the job. And because it implies you can get it through the air. And in New York and other places, people who, like someone who was in a correctional facility, if they spit at a correction officer, the correction officer was entitled to have that incarcerated person tested for HIV. And it didn't even actually have to be in the correctional facilities. It could happen just when you were with law enforcement in the outside world. That was something that people went to jail for that. For spitting or just absurd. But then at least this was, -- well I'm just thinking back on that. It was so shocking to me that people didn't get that in 1999 and 2000 that you couldn't casually contract HIV. Anyway, the candidate who was being put up against me didn't qualify for the ballot. So, I end up not having a primary and we became friendly. And I made peace with the union. I explained to them, look, I just think you need to prove that you got it on the job, then I'm fine with it. But I would say, what is the taxis, are they breastfeeding? Are they sharing needles? Are they having unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex? Like, what is in their job description is there that would make it so that they would contract HIV? I did eventually do a bill that was sort of an omnibus bill that said that, in order to get the benefit, you had to get basically a note from your doctor, that you got it on the job. Which maybe if you were a nurse or a doctor or a physician's assistant, in a commercial facility maybe, but still very unlikely. So, and then the other thing I did was I introduced a bill that said that if there's some sort of a dust up between incarcerated person and a correction officer that the incarcerated person was entitled to have the correction officer tested. Which of course was not in favor of either, was to make the point of how absurd it was. But I just, I remember saying that that bill got the emergency, I was like what would be different, what would be different? I mean, I could sort of understand if you would want to know before, though that's ridiculous also. Because you should always be wearing protective gear and people were already transporting people with HIV all over the place, all the time. Maybe that would make a little bit sense. But after the fact, and this was to come up again, by the way, in a sexual assault. If someone was accused of a sexual assault, they were subjected to mandatory testing. And first of all it's wrong because innocent till proven guilty. But also what you would immediately have to do is to give the person who's been assaulted the prophylactic drugs right away. Before you would even have the results of the test, that was the most important thing. And I did later on, as part of HIV/AIDS bill, get in that the state would pay for that. Because prior the victim would have to pay to have their prophylactic treatment and their testing being done. So it was just very very illogical, their approach and of course it also criminalized people with HIV. And in the same way that incarceration is not treated appropriately as often a mental health issue, they were mistreating HIV as well. And I hope they weren't doing it just to pander but I also hope or wish that they knew better. So anyway. I've never thought of myself as a very good debater. But I could compete, I found out. And one time there was this bill that said that if someone who -- oh they loved incarceration bills. My God, sex offenders, incarceration like all the time. Oh, they had to like -- what else, where else can we put a higher penalty or something, anyway. This bill said that if someone broke parole that they had to no matter what, serve out the entirety of their sentence. And the time, the New York prisons were overcrowded so they were letting people out earlier. People will get out early. If you got a 15 year sentence you could probably get out years before. But if you broke parole you would have to stay. So, I said to the Senate, well how many people would this impact? How many -- well of course he had no idea about that, but he should have. I would have, he had no idea. So, the senator that I like so much was actually the acting as the president of the Senate and he banged his gavel down. And he said we're locking the doors. He said we were all being punished. And we all had to stay locked in this [laughs] chamber and if you wanted to go to the bathroom you were escorted by a sergeant at arms. And I would like to be remembered as the person that made them close the doors. But I was remembered for asking if I could choose which sergeant would accompany me [laughs] the bathroom. I just didn't know that something -- in my -- as an elected official I have some, in that role I have some control over my blurting. But sometimes it just gets away [laughs]. So that got in the papers. Listen to me still now, I'm like [sighs deeply]. Like I -- But something else interesting happened with Senator Joe Bruno who changed rather dramatically. While I was there, but he liked me in the same way that Peter Vallone, and the council of conservative Catholic elected official maybe open their eyes. And one time he called me into his office and he said you're pretty smart, but sometimes your tongue is a little sharp. Because I would ask senators questions, Republican senators questions about their bills and they were so used to not being challenged and they were all one house bills or mostly of one house bills. So, they didn't pass the assembly, but they were so used to not having questions asked. They usually couldn't answer my questions and I was prepared for every bill that came up on the agenda with lots of questions, especially when I was gonna vote against it. And so he said your tongue is a little sharp, and what he was saying was "Don't make my guys look stupid". That's mean, he didn't say that's mean, but I have said that is being mean. So from then on -- by the way none of the Democrats picked up on this. They continued their questioning, I just would stand up and I would speak on the bill. I would just list all the reasons why I was opposed to it. I would -- I guess RBG, not that I'm comparing myself, but she always said that she would start off with what she thought the other side would say when arguing a case. And she would answer those questions first. So that's kinda what I did was I answered my own questions, that either would have tripped up the Republicans or would have maybe pointed out the absurdity of it. And I -- so I just spoke, but in a very polite manner. And then my relationship with the Republicans became much much much better. And so he gave me very good advice and I was very fond of him. Even though I believe he tried to entrap me later on, when he was in trouble with the feds over something. But he was senator of his word. And if he couldn't do something, he would say it's just not the time. But he would tell me he was honest about that and I appreciated that. So, that those first couple of years, a little bit of a blur I guess. And also we, the legislature was always unable to agree on a budget that the governor who then was Governor Pataki, a Republican. They could never agree on a budget. So we would be there all year long at least once a month, we would have to go up for a continuing resolution or sometimes we had to stay for a few days. And in retrospect, I think there was an awful lot of senators that had additional families there. And I think they liked staying there a while longer. And I also think that people that came from underserved neighborhoods, food deserts, etc. That they got some extra time than to do shopping and all that because I did. I bought my toilet paper and paper towels and because it was cheaper than Manhattan. Remember one time pulling -- I had a shopping cart in the trunk of my car and a senator said, "why do you have that shopping cart?" and I wanted to say to him "because I'm smart". But I explained to why I had it, so that I could buy bulk items more inexpensively not at Walmarts, but I did go to Kmarts and Targets. There was a huge target in Saratoga, it was like a Super Target. And unlike in New York City, everything's always picked over, the shelves were always full and pristine. I had to -- I was not chasing interns around their desk. And I was also unfortunately eating at receptions and then eating also. So I started to gain weight, which made me unhappy and I look -- and my exercise, it just disappeared. I just, worked all the time, and when I didn't work, I once a month I would go to Target once a month, TJ Maxx once a month or have to [laughs] parcel it out for these little adventures. And living like an American, unlike a New York City person. You know with cars, you throw it in the trunk ; I lived in my car. I still have that habit, snacks, beverages [laughs] in my car, an extra toothbrush, anyway. But we were there all year long. So, in 2001 was the bombing of the Trade Center and that was in my district, and it was a Democratic primary day in New York City. And I had been out handing out cards for a candidate that I was supporting. And then a little before nine, someone sorta -- someone relieved me at that location. So, I went back to my apartment to have a cup of coffee or whatever because she started six in the morning, when the polls open. And I was listening to the radio, and they said the plane had crashed in the Trade Center. And they said it was must have been just a small plane and then it was, no it's a huge plane. And then I turned on the TV and so it was happening. And then I had a view ; I could look out my window and see it. And I really don't quite know how to talk about it. And New Yorkers, you -- the only time we really talk about it is right around 9/11. Even though we all experienced it and it was terrible. I didn't know a lot of people that worked there. They're mostly people in financial services who lived in the suburbs, but I knew some of the law enforcement people. Some of my local firefighters, I knew Father Michael, who is sorta famous. Who was the chaplain to the firefighters, and gay. And probably should be canonized. There's a movement, but they probably won't because he was gay. He's a lovely man. I remember, you know I was in Chelsea, but at a certain point I saw the second tower go down. I was still in my apartment, but then I went out on the street and there were people just covered with 9/11 dust and there were phone booths or street phones in those days. There was no cell service because they were just too jammed or, so people were waiting [in] line to call their families to see that they were alive. One of the things that I did at one point was, and I don't know how we did it, but I got the other elected officials, we came together, we tried to reach out to as many people as we knew who lived down in Tribeca and Battery Park City in the financial district. And we, we sorta made a gathering in a city owned park. It was asphalt or basketball courts just above Canal Street. And it was very moving, because that was the first time that a lot of these people saw each other. And I guess it was a week later. Time is very-- I remember in the way day by day. In retrospect I wish kept a diary. But earlier the sound of the sirens. Of course there were no survivors. So there was but the police sirens and ambulances, fire trucks and just went on and on and they were posters up all over, just 8.5 by 11 printed out sheets. Have you seen this person all over Lower Manhattan? All over the Village, all over Chelsea? Have you seen this person? This person. It was really, really heartbreaking. I had, I would call a particular cousin of mine who lived in New Jersey. And she and her husband knew people in the Trade Center and asked me if I could help to find them, it was not finding anyone. And I heard an NPR announcer on the radio say a couple days later, she said it's another achingly beautiful day in New York City. Because it was every day was bright and sunny and cool and beautiful New York City days. And this terrible smell of this thing that was burning. And I went down there. And there were people, -- the Trade Center was so huge that the firefighters are just volunteers who were like digging through the rubble. They almost look like ants on an ant hill. That's how huge the footprint was, of how this had happened. And you could see, the particles in the air. And anyway I didn't -- it was a very stressful time. And we were called back to Albany. We hadn't done a budget yet. We didn't do a budget at all that year. We never got a budget done at all, kept going back all the time. But the first time, yeah, we went back in the same way that the US Congress passed the Patriot Act bills that only Barbara from the San Francisco area, for the Bay Area, Barbara Lee voted against them. We have been seeing similar kind of bills like roving wiretaps and I voted against all of them. I was the only one that voted against all them, a couple people had voted against like one or two of the bills. But I really, -- why are we restricting our freedom when allegedly what everyone is saying they hate us because we were a democracy and freedom. Which is debatable also, but why are we passing those to restrict people's rights? And the minority leader of the Senate made a speech about how the Trade Center was in his district and I know this isn't a -- yeah, not a big deal, but he did used to represent it, but in a redistricting year and the democratic leader, got to choose their own leader, their own district. Everybody else was just whatever the republicans gave them. So he had opted to not have the Trade Center to have more of Brooklyn in his district. And I was really furious about that, you could say I used to, I know people -- whatever and I was just shocked. And I didn't say anything, but I did lose my temper with him after. Ordinarily I wouldn't lose my temper about something like that, but it was a very difficult time and that primary day was canceled. The canidate I was supporting who had the momentum would have won the council seat and ended up not winning when they voted again. But the smell was still going on. That primary day, it was raining and, and so the smell was still there, but it was different. And I remember someone on his palm card, he was saying to me, can't you do something about that smell? And I was like, no I can't do anything about that. I was gonna say something else I think about the whole, that it was on primary day and so I ended up voting for the primary day that didn't count. The one that did count, then there was a runoff. I voted a lot that year, but we also went to Albany a lot that year, as I say, we never passed another budget. So, we just worked off the budget from the year before. And my district also has this museum, the Intrepid, it's an old battleship. And the executive director, who my gaydar, that meter was went off the rails with him, couldn't go high enough. He offered to me to offer to Senators to take a boat and go down and look at it from the river, so I did that. He was on my grudge list later on for other reasons, he did eventually come out, you're welcome, I'll tell you what it was. I think let's, we'll take a moment from the heaviness and I'll tell a lighter story, so he came out eventually. And, when Governor Paterson stepped in, when Governor Spitzer stepped down, there was an email exchange between Governor Paterson and this guy where he said, "I'll do everything, anything I can to help you, especially if you end up running against Andrew Cuomo," and he said, "because I'm a gay and I can be helpful and I'm a gay, but I'm not a gay like Tom Duane". Not a gay like Tom Duane. And I said, I have that, he deleted it. Probably not because of the, "I'm not a gay like Tom Duane," probably because it was an anti-Cuomo thing, and little did he know that actually Andrew Cuomo at some point just started to completely control what Governor Paterson, the worst governor New York City has ever had, was doing. So anyway, I'm not a gay like Tom Duane. And because I was a Senator, when marriage passed, because of my involvement, I got invited to some classy weddings. And I went to a couple of them, but I was invited to his wedding and I did not attend and I did not send a gift. And the other thing about him was that, I had a bad feeling when Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were running for president and people would say to me, "Well you don't think Donald Trump could really win," and I would be like "I -- yeah, no I do," but people would freak out. So, I stopped saying it and I just said. [shurgs] But he was every news, TV news thing led off with him, every newspaper, there was something about him on the front page. And he was, as the president of Viacom said, he was paid a lot of money for the networks and for you know. And Americans are very -- I would say you know, TV is the beginning of social media and its evils. Because and especially by then there were all these other news stations that people were watching. But I was invited to her victory party which was very close to where I lived. It was at the New York convention center, and I lived just a few blocks from there and I didn't go, I just had a bad feeling. With the point of the story is, so this newly married couple were at Hillary's headquarters, when they realized that she lost, they walked over to the Trump headquarters and said whatever you want. And they got stuff. And a little later on I was walking down my block and it was fairly quiet day and they lived in a loft building just a half a block away from me. And there were all these cars parked, all these secret service looking and police cars, and I realized that they must be having some sort of a party or something. They were having a party for this Ambassador Grenell that was appointed one of the only openly gay people in Trump administration. Who was just a right wing, like he was sent to Germany too. Where he loved, the President of Austria. Loved all these despots and he was our-- Angela Merkel was like the beacon of the free world at the time, and that's where they sent him. So they were having a party for him. That's another point of that story. Maybe we'll come back to 9/11, but I am very upset still about those bills that got passed because they can be so misused. And we see on the federal level, I mean that everyone gets to see that. Everyone gets to see how those laws have been just used to do terrible things, and to really take away civil liberties. That the president can say we're at war without even going to Congress, if the president wants to. Unheard of in our democracy. So, after my -- so our terms are two years. So, my second term, I was determined to get SONDA to pass, which was Sexual Orientation Nondiscrimination Act, I guess ; it was a gay rights bill. And, I was also determined to include gender identity and expression in it and the bill that passed the Assembly for many years, but it never passed the Senate, even without gender identity/expression. So, the assembly built didn't have that wording in it, and this is a case where money is poisoned politics. A lot of wealthy, New York, white guys started spreading money around. They made a deal with Governor Pataki that they would make no endorsement in the gubernatorial race if he would be supportive of SONDA passing. I guess Joe Bruno was on board. By the way, in the meantime, I got to meet and became a little bit friendly with Joe Bruno's gay brother. And, later on I did a couple of things where they weren't really getting along and I got them, I put -- got them sort of back together, speaking with each other. But I -- my bill included gender identity/expression. The bill that moved through the Assembly, that landed in the Senate did not have that in it. And I believed that the bill could pass that would not make any difference, if it includes gender identity, no vote, not one vote would change. Mostly people wouldn't even notice it was in there and if they did, they were gonna and there were no voters they were voting no anyway. And the yes people were not gonna not vote for it because it was in there. So I was very upset, and I went to Joe Bruno and I said we need to put this in because if we don't put it in, it's gonna be a decade before it can't -- it won't go on its own. And he said to me you have a point there and I think he would have done it. But these rich guys were too afraid that it might not pass, they didn't wanna have to, the assembly, have to pass the bill again with extra language in it. And so I put an amendment on the floor when the bill came up, something else terrible had happened. No, no, what is it? Well, but he was not a party, I'm telling you. I was playing chicken with the bill. I wouldn't commit to supporting it if it didn't include gender identity and expression, which is not. And Marty Connor, who had been our leader, was dethroned and David Paterson became the new minority leader and these three gay men asked if I would sort of make an introduction to him officially. And one of them was something I've known for many years. It had not been a perfect relationship, it was a political relationship. He represented real estate interests, but he also helped a lot of queer organizations. Then there was the head of the statewide LGBT Organization, it took me a minute to think of it. It's not just [inaudible], but I blocked it out, The Pride Agenda, it was called The Pride Agenda. It was -- I think they had like used a brand or something to come up with that name so that--anyway, just put the initials in. But anyway, The Pride Agenda. The head of The Pride Agenda and this other wealthy gay man, and on the way up, Ethan said to me, "Well, but if the bill comes up, will you vote for it?" I said, "Of course I'll vote for it, of course I will". And one of them went to the press to the New York Times and they called me and asked me, so it made me look like a liar. I was so upset, like why did they do --? It was terrible, I was very -- I knew it was a tactic, Of course I would vote for it, but I did put an amendment on the floor. Most of the democrats voted for it, but I was very angry. I knew it was going to pass anyway, there was no, it was going to pass. The deal had been made, the deal had been cut. So I said, I think some angry words about people that didn't wanna put gender identity and expression. And when the celebration afterwards, there were some people that wouldn't shake my hand, you know congratula -- Mind you, I was the one that you know -- I was the only Sen -- I like -- hate crimes. My name was not on the bill, but there was no doubt, that I was pushing it the force behind it, yeah, other people wanted it, but I was annoying about it. And then one of them started to call my campaign donors and told them not to give me money anymore. It's all right, there were enough people in the world that I could raise enough money to keep going. But I just thought that was -- because for as long as I can remember, I had been, I'm passionate about the rights of people who we would, now say non-binary, regardless of their gender identity/expression. It was just something I always, I don't know I can't imagine any other -- feeling any other way. And so I was really upset. It took 20 years, not 10 years. It took 20 years to get it passed. And there was something wonderful that happened. I was out of the Senate, and it got passed when Governor Cuomo was governor and he was signing at the LGBT center. And I had stuff with Governor Cuomo prior to this which I'll probably talk to you about. A lot because he broke my heart. Anyway the Executive Director Glenda Tessa, who I love, of the center was making introduction to assembly members. And senator so and so, and council member, borough president. And then our own former New York State Senator Tom Duane and they're like, [inaudible] gave me a standing ovation. And even though I couldn't get it passed, they knew how much I fought to try to make it happen. I'm very grateful for that. All right let's move out of this. So then when the governor with whom I'd had stuff with and had not spoken to me at all for years, he saw the reaction so he couldn't not say something. So he said "I know Tom Duane. We go way back, you know my father had AIDS." and I thought -- because I'll tell you there'll be more -- this big relationship, and non-relationship with Andrew Cuomo and I was a supporter of his father's. What about us? But anyway when they do the ceremony thing and he does a letter. And he gives a pen away as he's signing his name and somebody go up there and get a pen. So I went up and I got a pen from him and as I was walking away, he turned and he said, "Are we okay?" I said "Yes governor, we're okay". I had to forgive him. I didn't know about all the stuff that was to come out afterwards. But at that time, I forgave him for the way he had treated me really after marriage passed in New York. But sometimes say for some elected officials, it's just business and I know that and I wouldn't take things personally. But I work better with people that had a core, even if they were for the death penalty or they're anti. If this was something, well then we could talk about it. But if someone's just doing it because they were pandering or afraid for their district. They're not gonna change their mind if they already know better. The fact when marriage passed, there were many Republicans hugging and kissing me who hadn't voted for because they were afraid to. But they were so happy that it passed. And so a whole other story with the governor to wanting to make the 11 o'clock news. I kinda have lost my place in the world now. SONDA, everyone mad at me. You know later on when I was in the majority I passed our safe schools act. It was called the Dignity for All Students Act which I couldn't get passed when I was in the minority unfortunately. But it included gender identity and expression, and no one said a word about it. The couple of people who were voting against it were voting against it anyway. And just to prove my point that it really -- not a story except for the people who were impacted or wouldn't be held by anyway. So my second term was SONDA. Now it sounds like that's all, [laughs] I didn't only do queer stuff. I did a lot of other stuff too. I used to say I spent 85% of my time doing you know, when I get 15% of press for it. The 15%, I just spend it on queer stuff. I get 85% [laughs] of my press on that. But this senator who was the county exec who did lock us all in because I asked that question, not of him, but of another senator. I asked him to come to New York with me. And I wanted to show him, -- Mayor Giuliani had this policy that if you were on public benefits, you had to work. So, there were, especially women with children who were going to school to try to -- because education is key. But maybe they're going to school at Manhattan Community College or Brooklyn Community College. But they were assigned to clean a park in the Bronx, and children go to school and doing it was impossible. It was impossible for them. And it made it so they just couldn't -- I used to see women they jump, they run into McDonald's on the way to their classes at Manhattan Community College. And I guess they must have asked a family member to watch their children or something like that. So, how anxious they were to have a better life. But there was a program -- so Mayor Giuliani said they have to go work in par -- not even with working in parks or anything of course. But not because you're poor and you need money to get by on. And mothers would make the best choice. Sometimes they wouldn't make money so they could keep the whole family on Medicaid. Otherwise, they would lose their benefits, they'd lose their food stamps, they'd lose their rental assistance. So they were kinda trapped. But going to school, which is work would not have threatened their remaining having benefits for the family while they went to school. Anyway, I asked Senator Mayer to come to New York because I knew he would understand this. And I brought him to -- there's a group at Hunter College Welfare Rights [Initiative] that really got me engaged in this issue. So we visited with them, we went to Bronx Community College, we went to Hunter, we went to private university as well. And also, we had a meeting with this group called the New York [City] Partnership which is the umbrella group for New York business people. And he was very engaged in what was going on and what people were saying. And when we met with the partnership people, they said look, nothing wrong with cleaning parks, but work study and internship is giving people skills for jobs that we actually have and wanna fill. So, they were very supportive of it. And I remember Senator Mayer saying, are these real jobs? And they are real jobs. They got real jobs, challenging jobs, important jobs. But work that does help to move along in your work life and your career. And he said at what point, "Well aren't we like giving them an extra advantage? What about Joe at the gas station?" Well Joe he can go to community college that's-- but we're making it impossible. So he said, so are we giving this special treatment? I said no we're just not holding them back. And it was like a light, and then he really really got it. And he liked it so much that he started a program up in his district, up in Oneida. And I met the people who were running it and of course they were lesbians. I don't know if he knew [laughs] but yeah, my gaydar was off the charts. But that was thrilling that he liked it so much and he believed. So he was a conservative Republican, but he believed that government actually could help people because he was county exec. Not a mistreated Republican assembly member and he brought it to his county because it really helped people. So that's the kinda -- those are the -- he voted for hate crimes, he didn't vote for SONDA. I was very upset about that. And then someone said to me, "Well did you ask him?" And I said [laughs] no because I thought -- it never occurred to me that he wouldn't vote for it. His daughter had a huge influence on him, and I don't think he asked her about SONDA, he asked her about hate crimes. He wasn't in office when marriage came up, but he said that she would have like [swipes hand]. But there's a whole story about who convinced senators to vote for marriage. And often times it was the spouse, and the family, the kids. In fact, there was this show on Showtime about first ladies and for years and years I said to people -- because Barack Obama, he was in favor of marriage equality when he was a Senate, state senator in Illinois. He checked the box with the gay organization you know, the political group asked a question. But then he backed off when he was running for president. But I said, I'm sure there was some morning when Michelle said "Barack, me and Malia and Sasha. We are not gonna talk to you until you come out in favor of this and on this." You know it's fiction. But it's a very similar saying that it's exactly the way it was with Michelle Obama saying, one of the kids, you know. Not understanding, how could you not vote for civil rights. How could you not be for this? It was a very similar situation. So I know what's going on the White House and I always thought Joe Brun -- I'm sorry, Joe Biden just blurted out that he was for marriage. This television fictional makes it seem as if he was sort of-- that Michelle went to him and asked him to do it. Who knows what really happened. Anyway. Because who doesn't love Michelle Obama, who would never run for president, but I would vote for her in a heartbeat. After 9/11, similar to how veterans got special benefits in New York State, different tax breaks. And also, the spouses of police officers and firefighters who died in the line of duty. I'm applying men, mostly men. That a whole other story of women fighting to get into the fire department particularly. But there are a lot of bills that gave benefits to spouses. And the senator who was the chair of the committee, was the codes committee, that the bills would go through before they came to the floor. He was very conservative. He was very much in favor of the death penalty. I believe he was a former state trooper, and he was a lovely man, and a gentleman, and would listen to critique. So, for instance, there'd be a bill about something having to do with sexual assault, but it never made it never made a differentiation. That's not the right word, but. An 18 year old, and a 16 year old or a 15 year old, is different than a 40 year old, and a 13 year old, but the laws never would make any -- there was no delineating in any way. And when I raised that with him, he -- it gave him pause for thought, and he started to modify the bills a little bit when he could. So, I was happy about that because I knew kids, you know, [inaudible] kids that -- stories like -- this one boy was having a relationship with another boy who was -- one was 18, the other one was 15, lived with his grandmother and his grandmother turned in the 18 year old. He went to Rikers, he went to serve time and get on the sex offenders list. And the level of the sex offender list that you get with the 1, 2, or 3, it depends on how much money you have and what lawyer you have. There is no -- and in New York City, it's impossible to not live near a school, it's impossible. And they're not allowed to live in public housing. And believe me, I do know something about sex offenders and some can go into remission and not reoffend, but you kind of never know. So, a sex offender should never be in a room with a child alone ever. And if they are then it's trouble. But there are ways that people can not reoffend. In fact, I visited a New York State correctional facilities where they had a program for sex offenders. And I was very prepared to think it was not going to be a good program. And in this particular facility, which was run by a woman, it was in Oneida actually, was really, really good. And I got to see the men who first arrived and first started the program and the denial they had about what their offense had been. And then I got to see a group that was ready to finish, and about how they took responsibility for what they had done and new tools to use to help them to not reoffend. But they were all concerned about getting jobs and a place to live when they got out. And the other interesting thing was none of them were victimized when they went back into general population and their other facilities if they had been through this program. There was another program which I didn't get to visit, which I heard wasn't that good, but I was very, very impressed. And it's an area that I know about, and I'll probably talk about. The other thing that I did was I would vote for these bills that gave benefits to the spouses of people who were killed in 9/11 [coughs]. And now of course it's also people, the long term effects of the spouses. But I said, look, I'm voting for the bill, but next year could you add domestic partner in? And he said yes, just don't tell anyone else. I was like fine with me. So there are a lot of things that I made no noise about, but I just got it done. I mean, they had money for HIV/AIDS that came from the federal government. They don't know what to do with it, so they would give it to me to help them to give it around the state where I knew groups, but they would give me money to give away. So, I recall when I say, "Someone is gonna call you and they're gonna tell you how to get $100,000. It's gonna come to you from the state, but do not thank me, just do whatever they say". The Republi -- really all but one liked me, but nobody liked him either. And anyway, so I was able to do things quietly and that was fine. I just wanted to get things done. And by the way, the SONDA, the gay rights bill, my name was not on that bill. It wasn't my bill, but a Republican was the lead sponser. There were no Democrats on the bill. It was always given to a moderate Republican to make them seem moderate, that they with the lead sponsor of these bills. Didn't always help them, but just a funny way to do business, very un-senatorial. I just hesitated because we haven't talked about this, but there's something very personal that happened with me when I went to Albany that I did. You can decide whether or not you want to use it, I'm fine with it. So I'm in recovery from drugs and alcohol for now 39 years, and I have issues of food and money and people. Not gambling except, I have no problem with slot machines or things like that. But anything involving skill, because I'm an ADHD, I would -- if It was poker or 21, I would never leave because I would have to think about it. And I know that because I'd never been to the track before, and Saratoga is a big, you know. They have trotters and we all went on a trip there all the senators and a couple of them knew how to read the score cards. What race is the horse in, they knew who the jockey was, what was the place where they had competed before. And they explained it all to me and I went and I bet and I won, I won and I won, and I placed and I won and I won. I was anxious they weren't gonna get -- because they came to the tables that they were going to get there in time and I didn't want to leave. And as I went out I said, I must never come here again [laughs]. So gambling fortunately, I mean there's no skill involved buying lottery tickets fortunately [laughs]. I guess they share their strategies with those cards to see whether or not they won or not. Anyway, I am also a recovering sex addict, sex and love addict, romantic obsessive, but I'm a garden variety sex addict. When I got elected to the Senate, I said to myself, I don't want to take this with me, I don't want to take this with me. And so I went to a five day outpatient program and I learned a lot, and was able to not completely recover, but it was, let's say harm reduction was much better night, so to go to 12 step meetings. And then I went to, it was my first week in Albany, my staff person, my counsel Mark, who I just love and miss. So, the first week I have to say, I won't be here next week because I'm going to a five day workshop on sex addiction because I'm a sex addict. Anyway, yeah, he went along fine. But that summer, that September, I went to a two week program in Los Angeles and when I finished that program, I never -- I've been sexually sober since then. And sometimes with anorexia, they went from being not an anorexic to being anorexic. But the people at this place when I was talking about what happened in the correctional facility. The place that I went to, they had all trained in the hospital in California called Delano. And there are two tracks in Delano, one was for sex offenders, and one was for garden variety. And at one point they just said, "We're only gonna do sex offenders, so the garden variety people had to go someplace else". And so they started this institute where they also trained therapists, so that's where I went. But they were very tough, you had to say the things that -- I mean, I did not -- my behaviors were not particularly offender behavior. I did have sex with people, but I always used condoms, which of course laws often don't differentiate between [inaudible]. But I was very rigidly since 1983 about safe sex with anyone I had sex with. Anyway, one of the groups, there were just three of us. They were very small, and the place was just starting out, so it was affordable. But there was a man there who molested some of his children and some of his grandchildren. And I have a history of abuse in my family. And he got to hear from me, the impact it had on me, but I also heard his story and his grandfather had molested him. So hopefully he would break the chain, anyway. But the good thing was I was in Albany and I would go to anonymous drugs and alcohol meetings, and I would go to anonymous help group, to help, to say recovery from my sex addiction. And they didn't know who I was, which was great because most of the meetings in New York City, many of them are at the center where people would-- So I was anonymous and it was great. It wasn't until much later on that they found out. And being a senator from Upstate is a much bigger thing than New York City because they would say, "You're a senator like Joe Bruno?" But anyway, they did not know, and I didn't say what I did for work and it was great. The good thing about going to this place was when I left there, the shame that I'd been feeling my whole life lifted, and I realized that I had been living my whole life with carrying this burden of shame that I didn't realize I had until I didn't have it. So right now what's happening is I'm feeling shame because I'm talking about this at all. There's nothing to be ashamed of, there's no reason, but it's a physical thing, it starts here goes up and my face turns a little bit red, and I can feel that I'm having a shame attack, but there's nothing I said to be -- and I'm glad I know that so I'm not carrying that burden. It was such a great burden to be able to unload, you know because-- anyway. So that's why I -- when I went to the correction facility with the people that had been offenders, I kind of had a lot of knowledge about it. It became very -- actually, I thought I might go into the field when I left office. I haven't, but I might still someday. But anyway, it was a great place to recover. And then when I was in New York City I didn't care who saw me go into whatever room. If they saw me they saw me, they didn't, you know what I mean, maybe it was meant to be that way and it's a disease. And I don't know why I was too ashamed to go for such a long time and I was in other groups where people are anonymous. So, I mean who else is there, the same anonymous people. Who are they going to say -- So I don't know why I wasn't able to do it sooner, but I was able to do it when I was able to do it, and I was very glad about that. One of the bills that I fought very hard for was to make it possible for people who had been abused by persons in positions of authority. And this was not popular among my colleagues, and everyone thought it was, there were a lot of people who said, oh you're just anti catholic. I'm like, no, and this isn't even just about that. It's about boy scout leaders and coaches and the person down the block, this is not particular, it's not not about them. I think it does make you crazy and saying, Well, this has bankrupted a lot of diocese. No, they go into bankruptcy on purpose to delay having to give depositions and things. It's a tactic, they transfer the money to a high school or a cemetery, that's how they say it's their bankrupt. They don't go bankrupt because they're paying anything out there, they're delaying that. So since then, New York, they actually did pass it, and I'm really happy about that. But then it was a huge celebration, my God, I was like, -- everybody hated me, but they're all these heroes. Again, I am thrilled that it passed and it gives you a year window opportunity. I don't know actually what my bill said from the time that you reasonably could have recovered the memory. So like a therapist would have to certify sort of, that you recovered the memory and it was for a year from then that you were able to take some action. And it was very important bill, and it did get me on the O'Reilly Factor. Bill O'Reilly, who I was eligible to be yelled at by him. And it's funny because at the time, the irony, that I was on the show about positions, people in positions of authority misusing it with power and sexual inappropriateness. But he sits higher than you do. And then I said, yeah, your eyes is so much bluer in person than in TV, which kind of threw him off his game. So in that one he said, "Well, I agree with you, but some would say you're only doing this because," -- like I said, "Well, then you did just say that". And you'd be surprised at the number of people who I didn't think would be Fox News watchers that actually said, I saw you on TV. I went on something else against the first Iraq war and I signed some advertisement, a full page in the newspaper. Remember newspapers, full page in the newspaper, and there was something in it that said something about Nazis and if I had seen that, I wouldn't have signed it. So anyway, I went on his show because I was opposed to the first Iraq War, and he said "What, why did you sign that letter?" And I literally said, "I don't know, why did I sign that letter?" An then he got a little bit thrown off, and the guy who he had on who was very opposed to this group that was the anti-Iraq War was like a wacko. And so I seem perfectly normal so that went pretty well. But I did notice some things, in Fox there were attractive women in knit dresses, and they seem sort of important, and I would introduce myself, and I didn't know their names and they were very annoyed that I didn't know their names. Because many of the women political experts are very attractive women which was then is still the case. But one of the shows with O'Riley, I heard that this very low level employee, it was her birthday. So, Bill wanted a cup of coffee. So she came on the set with a cup of coffee and I said, "Bill, it's her birthday today". So what could he? He didn't even know she existed. His coffee appeared cause he wanted it, but he made him say, happy birthday [laughs]. And I was asked to go on another time, and I didn't know why the producer was hysterical that I wouldn't go, and she really wanted me to go. And it turns out she was the woman that came forward, that had been horribly harassed ; the last one in a long line of harassers. So that's why she was so -- and I don't know, there's a certain energy that people who have been victims have that I can tell. And they would often come to discuss some issue. Not that issue but I knew what they really wanted to do was talk about that issue. But the other thing is that New York just passed a bill, adult survivors of sexual abuse by persons in positions of authority. And when I first went to the Senate, all the assembly members in the Senate went to Albany Medical Center to get a physical. I was like, why are we getting special treatment? I thought, why doesn't everyone get a physical? Well, I found out because senators and so many people were not necessarily dropping dead in their seats, but there's a lot of older people, but they wanted to have everyone's medical records in case they had to be brought there for treatment while they were in Albany. So I went to get my physical assessment and everything and talk about, yeah, you know all the things. Mental health, HIV, the list goes on and on, HPV. So, I am sitting on the examining table with the doctor and telling him my health history and all of a sudden, I felt an erect penis pushing up against me and I did exactly what textbook, I made believe it wasn't happening. I just -- like it couldn't be happening, but it was happening. And when I went back to my office, I immediately told my council about it. So, I did tell someone right away and then I raised it in therapy, in a group therapy, I brought it up. And then when I left office, I was on the board of the anti-violence project but nearly at a fundraiser for them, I might tell a story about what happened in the parking lot at the gay bar and at this particular fundraiser, I started to tell that story and I said, wait, I wanna tell you a different story. And I told that story, and the executive director -- and I said, I've always regretted that I didn't go up and confront him because I'm sure he's doing it to other people and it escalates. And I didn't do it, so shame on me. Anyway, she said, I'll go with you. So when this bill passed, I called her, she's [inaudible]. I said, I'm gonna go, I'm gonna go do it, I'll do it publicly because I can, because anything that I could be shamed about and that I might even feel shamed about, my way to deal with it is to just yell it out kind of. And then other people, I feel like it might give them courage too to do it and why can't I -- I'm able to do it. I'm very grateful for that gift. And so of course I don't talk about my addictions. [laughs] Of course it's on film for the world, but I'm very selective about who I tell, and sometimes I tell someone that I think needs to hear it. So not only do I recruit people to be open about their queerness, but I sometimes recruit people who I think they need the help of a support group to deal with an addiction problem. So that's very important. That said, so I've moved twice since then, and I kept his name and the papers and I knew exactly where they were. And in the most recent move, I had no idea what boxes they were in. This move was a very bad experience in the middle of the pandemic. And I looked and I looked, and I finally found it. And so I know, now I have his name and he's still in Albany and he's still practicing so I can still -- I don't know what I'm gonna do with it. Whether I'm gonna go see him first. I don't know what I'm gonna do. But I'm gonna do something with it because -- this is the other thing, Republicans didn't let Democrats have hearings, but they let me have forums, which for all intents and purposes were exactly like hearings. They filmed them and witnesses, just no other senators would ever go to them because there was controversial topics. One of them was on survivors of childhood sexual abuse, and story after story after story. And yeah, this is not absolutely true, but it's sort of a kind of thing, that men are so angry and would yell at me, why isn't this bill passed? And the women would usually weep. And as an anger and a sadness, two of my big emotions, I understand that. But it turned out also my counsel Mark had been the victim, he recovered the memory, he was the victim, horribly victimized by a priest, horrible. Like taken away to a cabin with other boys, and they would all be afraid he was gonna have them sleep with him, and he would take them to porn stores, just terrible, terrible. And he's so bad that he was defrocked before it was being done, but it was very rough for Mark to deal with it. And the gift is that because he was there, he helped me a lot to have these things because these stories needed to be told. But he went to the priest to the cemetery where he was buried, and he was standing by his grave and his nose started to bleed and he never had a nosebleed before. So anyway, the democratic assembly member who carried my bill with the one year window of opportunity to report in addition to going forward, her son had been a victim of abuse. So now interestingly she had a daughter who was a lesbian, but she was against marriage. Anyway, but she kept weakening the bill and weakening the bill, and she was very upset. She'd come to the me and I would say, "Did they tell you it would pass if you weakened it?" And she said, "no," so I said, "Why are you weakening it?" Maybe if something was gonna pass. Because it's a whole story about how parity for mental health got passed, which I may rush through later on but I said, "Marge, why are you doing that?" And the most vocal opponent in the assembly who, I'm Pollyanna, I never think anyone's ever doing anything wrong. He turned out he was horrible, everybody who had worked for him, he had to not run for re-election. He was --nand then I realized why they were all opposed to it, because of the statute of limitations. If you eliminated that for this crime. There were so many of these guys, maybe women too, but guys that were liable to be -- and that's why they were blocking it. And I also think, spoiling my book, that marriage, when marriage finally did pass. I believe that Governor Cuomo went to the cardinal and said to the cardinal, you know what you let marriage pass, I'll never let this bill go through. And conveniently the cardinal was out of town when marriage passed and the bill went nowhere until in the Senate the Democrats had a majority large enough so that even if the governor vetoed it, they could override his veto and that's how it got done. No, I don't know that's true. Like I don't know that Michelle Obama at the breakfast table story is true, but I believe that that was that he made that deal. So anyway, parity for mental health not to sell this. You know, when you're in the minority, you really have to can't do like a lot of bills. Because when I was in the majority, I just shoveled out bills for two years. I just, I passed more bills in the assembly health committee. So he couldn't get -- he couldn't keep up with me because --"We can't pass because the Republicans won't do it". Well, I was literally shoveling out these bills. Anyway, I'm still a minority and I wanted parity for mental health and in New York was called Timothy's Law And every day on the floor of the Senate, you know, there'd be like 10, 20 pieces of legislation that we would vote on and my council and I we always we did our homework, and I knew what I was gonna vote yes and no on and why. But I would pick out one bill, and make it about Timothy's Law because it had to be germane to the issue at hand what the bill was addressing. So say it was a veterans bill, I would stand up and I would say, you know, "Veterans, they deserve respect and of course we should provide this benefit. But you know, when a veteran passes away in the line of duty, people in the family are very sad and they can get depressed, but unfortunately they can't get any help because we haven't passed Timothy's Law". And it became like a guessing game, people try to guess which bill it was. I was gonna do that on, and usually it wasn't the one they thought, but I did that every day, every, every day that I was there, I did it and finally it passed, and it just didn't have enough behavioral health and didn't have substance abuse treatment, that was to come later. But at least it had parity for general mental health and as a consumer, although my insurance did cover it, but not all insurance covered it. So anyway, he had a press conference and he invited me to it. And never, ever, ever, ever, ever, ever did the Republicans when the bill passed, invited a Democrat to stand with them. And I was invited with three other -- well Joe Bruno and three other Republican senators who ostensibly where, you know, the powers that wanted the bill passed, and there was me. And he really had to, you know, he, he said thanks to Tom Duane basically. Not thanks to Tom Duane being so annoying, but you know it worked. And that's how I got things done and all that, I just did things differently. You know, I just -- I would figure out some way to get it done and that was a good one, and it got the job done so. MF: Well I wonder if that's not a good place to stop for today-- TD: For all of our mental health. MF: I just also love that story because it really shows your tenacity. TD: Nothing if not. Some would say stubborn, I would say dogged, determined, and tenacious. Yes, thank you. It's sometimes stubborn. MF: Well, that's a good quality too. Well, I just want to say thank you again for meeting with me and hopefully we can do this again and talk a little bit about marriage. Yes, because it's a tragedy and a cele --, it's everything. MF: It's a big story. TD: And it's Andrew Cuomo too. It's got everything. MF: Well we have to do another one of these. So thank you again. TD: It was well, you know, well, I -- I went to a reunion. I took a picture of me holding this sign because it was three classes because of the pandemic and I left in '75. I finished over two of my courses about class of '76, but it took me until '77 to complete those two courses. So, it was perfect for me, and I was a griffin, so, I did know students from '77, which was the thing, I think I love being in griffin, which is a residence hall counselor. I really loved that that duty or whatever -- wasn't -- didn't feel like work. Let's just say that. It was, it was great. But I did feel out of place in the beginning and then, you know, as I did in the Senate, I just, I just made it comfortable in my own way. I made it comfortable, and a lot of it was about revealing things about myself which sort of opened the door for them to reveal things too. So I may come back to some more reunions. MF: If you do you should -- I hope you'll call me. TD: Oh 100% yes. Are you kidding? Yes, absolutely. Well, I did talk about you, I said I'm here to do an interview with Mary Foltz. I said, I can't believe it. She's a lesbian feminist and gender studies in the English department and she has tenure. Because when I asked if you had tenure, and you said, "yes I have tenure," I almost fell out of my seat. I couldn't -- at Lehigh, what? So, but it's not a bit -- I mean they're better, but there's still a lot of work that needs to be done here, well everywhere. But you know, it starts from the conservatives. But anyway, I had my picture taking holding the sign, and then I -- the President was watching the whole thing. So I did -- I nod and walked over to him, and I said, "Can I have a picture with you?" Because my older brother is very active in the alumni association, and he was on the board here. And if he goes around, you know, there's a traveling show with other graduates to help alumni to loosen up their checkbooks. And so, I made sure that I had that picture and I sent them to him just to prove that I was here because I had never come before. Maybe Lehigh/Lafayette game from time to time back -- I told you in '85 I think when the Ethan Felson tried to start something but-- and I didn't come for the game, I came to be [inaudible]. Like you want to go to the Lehigh/Lafayette game. Yes, absolutely. So anyway-- MF: Well, we will schedule another interview, and again, thank you so much. So glad that you came to visit us at Lehigh. TD: [goes to shake hands] We'd better do that first right. Remember gloves? Copyright for this oral history recording is held by the interview subject. video This oral history is made available with a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). The public can access and share the interview for educational, research, and other noncommercial purposes as long as they identify the original source. 0 /render.php?cachefile=
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01:46:30
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Thomas Duane, June 12, 2022 (Part 4)
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Thomas Duane recounts his time in the State Senate fighting for legislation like the Sexual Orientation Nondiscrimination Act (SONDA) and Mental Health Parity (Timothy's Law), as well as his personal relationships with HIV and addiction.
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LGBT-36
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2022-06-12
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video
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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Muhlenberg College Special Collections and College Archives
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